[[1]]
|familycolor=Australian
|fam1=Pama–Nyungan
|fam2=Ngayarda
|iso3=nrk
|aiatsis=A79
|glotto=ngar1296
|glottorefname=Ngarla
|notice=IPA
}}Ngarla is a Pama–Nyungan language of coastal Western Australia. It is possibly mutually intelligible with Panyjima and Martuthunira, but the three are considered distinct languages.
Ngarla is a member of the Ngayarda branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages. Dench (1995) believed there was insufficient data to enable it to be confidently classified, but Bowern & Koch (2004) include it without proviso.
Ngarla is spoken near Port Hedland. The "Ngarla" on the Ashburton River is a dialect of a different, though possibly related, language, Yinhawangka.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dorso-velar | Lamino-palatal | Apico-alveolar | Retroflex |
|---|
| Nasal | m}} | ŋ}} | ɲ̻}} | n̺}} | ɳ}} |
|---|
| Stop | p}} | k}} | c̻}} | t̺}} | ʈ}} |
|---|
| Lateral | ʎ̻}} | l̺}} | ɭ}} |
|---|
| Rhotic | ɾ}} | ɽ}} |
|---|
| Semivowel | {{IPA|w}} | j}} |
|---|
Vowels
| Front | Back | | High | i iː}} | u uː}} |
|---|
| Low | {{IPA|a aː}} |
|---|
The long vowels are rare.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}
Grammar
Tense markers
Ngarla tense markers for verbs:[2]
| Tense marker | Tense |
|---|
| -n | past |
| -ngkaya | present |
| -kuRa | future |
Notes
1. ^http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-682.html
2. ^Languages of the World: Indo-Pacific Fascicle Six”, Geoffrey O’Grady, C. F. Voegelin and F. M. Voegelin (1966:82)
References
- ”A grammatical sketch of Ngarla: A language of Western Australia”, Torbjörn Westerlund, 2007 (PDF version).
External links
- [https://www2.lingfil.uu.se/ling/semfiler/westerlund_d_vt07.pdf A grammatical sketch of Ngarla: A language of Western Australia]
- Wangka Maya
{{Ngayarda}}{{Pama–Nyungan languages|West}}{{ia-lang-stub}} 2 : Southwest Pama–Nyungan languages|Endangered indigenous Australian languages in Western Australia