“Nick Carter (British Army officer)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

General Sir Nicholas Patrick Carter, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCB|CBE|DSO|ADC Gen}} (born 11 February 1959) is a Kenyan-born senior British Army officer. He served as commanding officer of 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in which role he was deployed to Bosnia in 1998 and Kosovo in 1999. After service in Afghanistan, he took command of 20th Armoured Brigade in 2004 and commanded British forces in Basra. He was subsequently appointed General Officer Commanding 6th Division, which was deployed to Afghanistan with Carter as Commander ISAF Regional Command South, before he became Director-General Land Warfare. After that he became Deputy Commander Land Forces in which role he was the main architect of the Army 2020 concept. After a tour as Deputy Commander, International Security Assistance Force, he assumed the position of Commander Land Forces in November 2013. In September 2014, he became head of the British Army as Chief of the General Staff succeeding General Sir Peter Wall. In June 2018 he succeeded Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach as Chief of the Defence Staff.

Military career

Early career

Born in Nairobi, Colony of Kenya the son of Gerald and Elspeth Carter, Carter was educated at Winchester College and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.^[1] He was commissioned into the Royal Green Jackets as second lieutenant on 8 April 1978, initially holding a short service commission.^[2]^[3] Promoted to lieutenant on 8 April 1980,^[4] he switched to a full career commission in 1982,^[5] and was promoted to captain on 8 October 1984.^[6] As a junior officer he served in Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Germany and Great Britain.^[1] Promoted to major on 30 September 1991,^[7] he attended Staff College, Camberley later that year before becoming a company commander with 3rd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992.^[1] He became military assistant to the Chief of the General Staff in 1994 and, having been appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1996 New Year Honours,^[8] he joined the directing staff at the Staff College later that year.^[1]

Carter was promoted lieutenant colonel on 30 June 1996.^[9] In 1998 he was appointed Commanding Officer of 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in which role he was deployed to Bosnia in 1998 and Kosovo in 1999.^[3] For his service in Bosnia, he was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service on 7 May 1999.^[10] In Kosovo, Carter commanded a group of peacekeepers on a bridge over the River Ibar at Kosovska Mitrovica where he was tasked with keeping apart thousands of Serbs and Albanians gathered on either side of the bridge. Carter later described the role as being the "meat in the sandwich".^[11]^[12] He was advanced to Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 3 November 2000.^[13]

High command

Carter was promoted to colonel on 31 December 2000 (with seniority from 30 June)^[14] and advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 29 April 2003, following service in the War in Afghanistan.^[15] He was promoted brigadier on 31 December 2003 (with seniority from 30 June),^[16] and in 2004 he was given command of 20th Armoured Brigade, commanding British forces in Basra,^[17]^[18] at one point stating that British forces could be in Iraq for "as long as a decade".^[19] On 7 September 2004 he was awarded a further Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service for his service in Iraq.^[20]

Carter became Director of Army Resources and Plans at the Ministry of Defence in 2006 and was given the honorary appointment of Deputy Colonel of The Rifles on 1 February 2007^[21] (the successor regiment to the Royal Green Jackets) – a post he held until 1 November 2009.^[22] Promoted to major general on 23 January 2009, became General Officer Commanding 6th Division^[23] which was deployed to Afghanistan with Carter as Commander ISAF Regional Command South.^[3] In September 2009, referring to the efforts of UK and NATO forces, Carter said that "time was not on our side".^[24] After returning to the UK in November 2010, he gave an interview in which he warned that "the insurgency is resilient, and alive and well".^[25]

having been awarded the Distinguished Service Order in March 2011,^[27]^[28] he was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed Commander Field Army in November 2011^[29] (the role redesignated Deputy Commander Land Forces in January 2012).^[30] He was the main architect of the Army 2020 concept and reported on his recommendations in April 2012.^[31] He assumed the post of Deputy Commander, International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), under the command of American general, John R. Allen, in September 2012^[32] and, having handed over his command at ISAF in July 2013,^[33] he became Commander Land Forces in November 2013.^[34]^[35]

Carter was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2014 New Year Honours.^[36]^[37] On 21 February 2014 it was announced that Carter would assume the post of Chief of the General Staff.^[38] He took up his post and was promoted to full general on 5 September 2014.^[39] As of 2015, Carter was paid a salary of between £170,000 and £174,999 by the department, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.^[40] Carter was awarded the US Legion of Merit on 18 March 2016 for services in Afghanistan.^[41]

On 1 February 2013, he succeeded Sir Nick Parker as Colonel-Commandant of The Rifles.^[42]

In January 2018 Carter used a speech in London to enter publicly into the debate over defence spending. According to Carter failure to keep up with Russia will leave the UK exposed, particularly to unorthodox, hybrid warfare. He also said that one of the biggest threats posed is from cyber-attacks that target both military and civilian life. Carter said: "Our ability to pre-empt or respond to threats will be eroded if we don't keep up with our adversaries."^[43]

In June 2018 Carter succeeded Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach as Chief of the Defence Staff.^[44]^[45]^[46]

In August 2018 Carter said he would not allow British soldiers to be "chased" by people making "vexatious claims" about their conduct during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Carter said serving and former service personnel should face action for "genuine" wrongdoing. But he vowed groundless cases "will not happen on my watch".^[47]

Criticism

Carter has been criticised on several occasions by American officers for his conduct and command while in Afghanistan. He was described by Colonel Harry Tunnell, former Brigade Commander of 5/2 Stryker Brigade Combat Team, as displaying a "gross lack of concern for subordinates" throughout his command in Afghanistan in 2009 and 2010.^[48] Further criticism came from Lieutenant General Daniel P. Bolger, who claimed that "young riflemen paid the price" for Carter's "risk-averse" mentality and his unwillingness to allow his troops to defend themselves. Bolger also claimed that Carter refused to visit the front line and only visited safe positions by helicopter, while frequently refusing requests for aircraft and artillery support from troops under his command. Bolger further stated, "He's not the type of general I would put in charge of anything."^[49]^[50]

These allegations have been vigorously contested by other US officers and British colleagues. For instance, Lieutenant General Ben Hodges who commanded US Army Europe, and worked under Carter in Afghanistan, wrote to The Sunday Times stating that he was "appalled" by Bolger's representation of Carter.^[51] The letter, jointly signed with another former subordinate of Carter, went on to observe that Carter’s emphasis on avoiding civilian casualties had been crucial to mission success, that the soldiers under his command were never denied the right to defend themselves, and that Carter frequently exposed himself to personal danger by deploying forward to the key towns and villages at the heart of the counter-insurgency effort.^[51] Carter Malkasian, an author and CNA analyst writing for The Washington Post, said Bolger was "on thin ice" when criticizing those, like Carter, who "tried to protect innocents".^[52]

Conversely, Tunnell's judgment whilst under Carter's command was the subject of criticism.^[53]^[54]^[55] A formal US Army review of the conduct of Tunnell's brigade in Afghanistan pointed to its "lack of discipline" and "contempt for the normal Army rules".^[56] The report's author concluded: "Colonel Tunnell is no longer in command... If still in command, I would recommend that Colonel Tunnell be relieved of his responsibilities as a brigade commander." ^[56]

Personal life

In 1984 Carter married Louise Anne Ewart; they have three sons and one daughter.^[1] His interests include golf, cricket, field sports and cycling.^[1]

See also

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|title=CARTER, Gen. Sir Nicholas (Patrick)|work=Who's Who|date=2017|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U247442|accessdate=15 March 2017|subscription=yes}}
2. ^{{London Gazette|issue=47566 |supp=y|page=7138|date=12 June 1978}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/isaf/structure/bio/rc_s/carter.html|title=Major-General Nick Carter|publisher=ISAF|accessdate=22 February 2010}}
4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=48170 |supp=y|page=6337|date=28 April 1980 |nolink=y}}
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11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5058835.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103043634/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5058835.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 November 2012|title=Mitrovica crisis must be solved `in two weeks'|last=Whitaker|first=Raymond|date=23 February 2000|work=The Daily Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|accessdate=21 February 2010}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/23/world/serbs-on-edge-after-a-rally-by-albanians-in-a-kosovo-city.html|title=Serbs on Edge After a Rally by Albanians in a Kosovo City|last=GALL|first=CARLOTTA|date=23 February 2000|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=21 February 2010}}
13. ^{{London Gazette|issue=56017 |supp=y|page=12362|date=3 November 2000 |nolink=y}}
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17. ^{{cite news|url=http://pakistantimes.net/2004/03/23/twt2.htm|title=Explosion near Baghdad: 15 British Marines Injured|date=23 March 2004|work=The Pakistan Times|accessdate=21 February 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061036/http://pakistantimes.net/2004/03/23/twt2.htm|archivedate=14 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1459998/British-blamed-as-attacks-expose-security-failings.html|title=British blamed as attacks expose security failings|last=Fairweather|first=Jack|date=22 April 2004|work=The Daily Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|accessdate=21 February 2010}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3640025.stm|title=UN key to Iraq's future – Blair|date=19 April 2004|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|accessdate=21 February 2010}}
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24. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8262153.stm |title=Time against' Afghanistan forces |publisher= BBC News|date= 18 September 2009|accessdate=16 November 2010}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/10/afghan-taliban-insurgency-resilient|title=Taliban insurgency alive and well, warns British major general|last=Norton-Taylor|first=Richard|date=10 November 2010|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|accessdate=16 November 2010}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/Land_Warfare_2011_Conference_Programme.pdf|title=Land Warfare Conference Programme 2011|last=|first=|date=|work=|publisher=RUSI|accessdate=3 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127040818/http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/Land_Warfare_2011_Conference_Programme.pdf|archivedate=27 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.warminsterpeople.co.uk/groups/militaryactivities/Warminster-Army-Officers-awarded-honours/story-10876600-detail/story.html|title=Warminster based Army Officers awarded honours|last=|first=|date=25 March 2011|work=|publisher=Warminster People|accessdate=15 October 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425065417/http://www.warminsterpeople.co.uk/groups/militaryactivities/Warminster-Army-Officers-awarded-honours/story-10876600-detail/story.html|archivedate=25 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}
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30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf|title=Army Commands|accessdate=9 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf|archivedate=5 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/9076527/Territorial-Army-not-fit-for-new-role-warn-Generals.html |title=Territorial Army not fit for new role, warns Generals|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=11 February 2012|accessdate=11 February 2012}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceviewpoints.co.uk/defence-news/up-and-out-promotions-leavers-new-jobs-may-2012|publisher= Defence Viewpoints|title= Promotions, leavers, new jobs|date= May 2012|accessdate=11 February 2012}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/isaf-welcomes-lt.-gen.-john-g.-lorimer-as-deputy-commander-isaf.html|title=NATO welcomes Lieutenant General John Lorimer as Deputy Commander ISAF|date=July 2013|publisher=ISAF|accessdate=21 July 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713094920/http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/isaf-welcomes-lt.-gen.-john-g.-lorimer-as-deputy-commander-isaf.html|archivedate=13 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceviewpoints.co.uk/defence-news/ups-and-outs-july-2013|title=Ups and outs July 2013|publisher=Defence Viewpoints|accessdate=14 July 2013}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mod.uk/structure/32409.aspx|title=Strucrure|publisher=Ministry of Defence|accessdate=30 November 2013}}
36. ^{{London Gazette|issue=60728 |supp=y|page=2|date=31 December 2013 |nolink=y}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/268848/New_Year_Honours_2014_military_division_list.pdf |title=New Year Honours 2014 Military Division|publisher=UK Government|accessdate=21 February 2014}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=New Chief of the General Staff appointed|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/news/26112.aspx|publisher=British Army|accessdate=21 February 2014}}
39. ^{{London Gazette|issue=60984 |supp=y|page=2|date=9 September 2014 |nolink=y}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492289/150K_senior_salaries.csv/preview|title=Senior officials 'high earners' salaries as at 30 September 2015 – GOV.UK|date=2015-12-17|website=www.gov.uk|access-date=2016-03-13}}
41. ^{{London Gazette|issue=61529 |supp=y|page=6084|date=18 March 2016 |nolink=y}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.devondorsetregiment.co.uk/news/1057/NEW+COLONEL+COMMANDANT+FOR+THE+RIFLES|title=NEW COLONEL COMMANDANT FOR THE RIFLES|publisher=The Regimental Association of the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment|accessdate= 9 March 2017}}
43. ^{{cite web|author=Ewen MacAskill Defence correspondent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/22/uk-faces-cyber-warfare-threat-on-battlefield-and-against-civilian-services |title=UK warned that Russian threat requires increased defence spending | Politics |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2018-01-22}}
44. ^{{cite web|title=General Sir Nick Carter appointed new Chief of the Defence Staff|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/general-sir-nick-carter-appointed-new-chief-of-the-defence-staff|publisher=Ministry of Defence|date=28 March 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/general-sir-nicholas-carter-appointed-head-of-military-11306867|title=General Sir Nicholas Carter appointed head of British armed forces|publisher=Sky News|date=28 March 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}
46. ^{{London Gazette|issue= 62321|page=10419|date=12 June 2018|supp=y}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-45050693 |title=Armed forces chief vows to fight false Northern Ireland claims |date=3 August 2018 |accessdate=4 August 2018}}
48. ^{{cite news|title='British Army chief risked soldiers' lives,' says US colonel |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/british-army-chief-risked-soldiers-lives-says-us-colonel-8348397.html|first1=Jonathan|last1=Owen|first2=Brian|last2=Brady|work=The Independent|date=25 November 2012|accessdate=17 February 2015|location=London}}
49. ^{{cite news|title='Troops died because of UK general, says U.S. chief: Former General claims 'young riflemen paid the price' for Sir Nick Carter's 'risk-averse' mentality|date=17 November 2014|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2837198/Troops-died-UK-general-says-chief-Former-General-claims-young-riflemen-paid-price-Sir-Nick-Carter-s-risk-averse-mentality.html|first=Tom|last=Kelly|work=The Daily Mail|accessdate=17 February 2015|location=London}}
50. ^{{cite news|title='British Army chief ‘cost lives’|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1484372.ece|work=The Times|date=16 November 2014|location=London|accessdate=17 February 2015|first1=Toby|last1=Harnden|first2=Mark|last2=Hookham}}
51. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/comment/regulars/lettersandemails/article1486758.ece|title=Letters and emails: November 23 – The Sunday Times|work=The Sunday Times|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/book-review-why-we-lost-a-generals-account-of-two-wars-by-daniel-bolger/2015/01/02/0d8675d2-8081-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html|title=Book review: "Why We Lost," a general’s account of two wars, by Daniel Bolger|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2012/06/the_war_in_afghanistan_and_harry_tunnell_s_stryker_battalion.html|title=The war in Afghanistan and Harry Tunnell’s Stryker battalion|work=Slate|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.thenewstribune.com/military/2012/06/27/we-lost-a-year-general-says-about-former-jblm-stryker-commander-col-harry-tunnell/|title="We lost a year" general says about former JBLM Stryker commander Col. Harry Tunnell|work=Tacoma News Tribune|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.armytimes.com/article/20111127/NEWS/111270307/Report-blames-lapses-Stryker-commander|title=Report blames lapses on Stryker commander|work=Army Times|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
56. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/let-s-kill-report-reveals-discipline-breakdown-in-kill-team-brigade-a-754952.html|title='Let's Kill': Report Reveals Discipline Breakdown in Kill Team Brigade|date=4 April 2011|work=Der Spiegel|accessdate=12 May 2015}}