1. Registered parties
     Parliamentary parties    Extra-parliamentary parties  

2. Unregistered parties

3. Historical political parties
     Parties in parliament    Parties outside parliament  

4. See also

5. References

6. External links

This article lists the political parties in Finland.

Finland has a strong multi-party system with coalition governments usually formed by the largest party. Parties which are not in the national government are called the opposition. Parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmä) in parliament, usually voting with party discipline, which is however not absolute.

Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units of the country, parties hold seats in the municipal council, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups. Unlike in the national government, where there is a government and an opposition, municipal boards are selected proportionally.

The party system has been rather stable since the establishment of the Parliament in 1906 and Finnish independence in 1917, as parties founded then or their breakoff factions have consistently held the overwhelming majority in the parliament. The establishment of the Green League is an exception.

Registered parties

According to Finnish law, a political association that fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become an officially registered party.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} A registered party may nominate candidates in all national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register but may apply again. (In contrast, a voluntary association has a requirement of 20,000 supporters and is not eligible for party subsidy.)

Parliamentary parties

Extra-parliamentary parties

Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.

Unregistered parties

Historical political parties

Parties in parliament

• Finnish Party (Suomalainen Puolue) 1863–1918
• Young Finnish Party (Nuorsuomalainen Puolue) 1894–1918
• Christian Workers' Union of Finland (Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto, KTL) 1906–1922
• People's Party (Kansanpuolue) 1917–1918
• Communist Party of Finland (Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP) 1918–1992
• National Progressive Party (Kansallinen Edistyspuolue) 1918-1951
• Liberal Swedish Party (Ruotsalainen vapaamielinen puolue) 1919–1951
• Patriotic People's Movement (Isänmaallinen kansanliike) 1932-1944
• People's Party (Kansanpuolue) 1932–1936
• Finnish People's Democratic League (Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL) 1945–1990
• Liberal League (Vapaamielisten liitto) 1951–1965
• Liberals (Liberaalit) 1965–2011
• Finnish People's Unity Party (Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP) 1972–1983
• Constitutional Right Party (Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, POP) 1973–1992
• Democratic Alternative (Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto, Deva) 1986–1990
• Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta 1988–2003
• People's Party of Finland (Suomen Kansanpuolue) 1951–1965
• Reform Group (Remonttiryhmä) 1998–2001
• Rural Party of Finland (Suomen Maaseudun Puolue) 1959–1995
• Smallholders' Party (Pienviljelijäin Puolue) 1936–1954
• Smallholders' Party of Finland (Suomen Pienviljelijäin Puolue) 1929–1936
• Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (Sosialistinen työväen ja pienviljelijöiden vaalijärjestö, STPV) 1924–1930
• Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SSTP) 1920–1923
• Socialist Unity Party (Sosialistinen yhtenäisyyspuolue, SYP) 1946-1955
• Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (Työväen ja Pienviljelijöiden Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL) 1959–1973
• Young Finns (Nuorsuomalaiset) 1994–1999

Parties outside parliament

• Swedish party (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
• Liberal party (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
• Finnish Active Resistance Party (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
• National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
• Socialist Party of Work (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
• Peasant People's Party (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
• Farmers' Party (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
• United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
• New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
• Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
• Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
• Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
• Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
• Work Front of Finland (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
• Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
• National Socialist People's Party of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
• Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
• Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
• National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
• Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
• Independent Middle Class (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
• Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
• Independence Party (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
• Party Organisation of Finnish Entrepreneurs (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
• Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
• Pensioners' Party of Finland (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
• Joint Responsibility Party (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
• Senior Citizens' Party of Finland (Suomen Senioripuolue), 1990–2014
• Women's Party (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
• Party of Humanity (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
• Finnish People's Blue-whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
• Patriotic People's Movement (Isänmaallinen kansanliike), 1993–2010
• Natural Law Party (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
• Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
• For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
• Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015

See also

• Parliament of Finland
• Government of Finland
• President of Finland
• Elections in Finland
• List of political parties in Åland
• List of ruling political parties by country

References

External links

• NSD: European Election Database - Political parties of Finland

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