| 释义 |
- Existing parties Far-left Left-wing Centre-left Centre Centre-right Right-wing Far-right
- Extinct parties Far-left Left-wing Centre-left Centre Centre-right Right-wing Far-right
- Historical parties Constitutional Monarchy (1834–1910) First Republic (1910-1926) Ditadura Nacional (1926-1933) Estado Novo (1933-1974)
- See also
- References
- External links
{{Politics of Portugal}}This article lists political parties in Portugal. The Portuguese political scene has been dominated by the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party since the 1974 Carnation Revolution, although the People's Party has been present in some governments and the Portuguese Communist Party in coalition with The Greens holds the presidency of several municipalities. The parties, as of 2015, represented in the Assembly of the Republic are the Social Democratic Party (89 MPs), the Socialist Party (86 MPs), the Left Bloc (19 MPs), the People's Party (18 MPs), the Communist Party (15 MPs), the Green Party (2 MPs) and the People-Animals-Nature (1 MP). Several other parties are represented in the legislatures of the autonomous regions, the Legislative Assembly of the Azores and the Legislative Assembly of Madeira. Existing partiesThis list presents all the existing parties recognized by the Portuguese Constitutional Court.[1] It is organized by political spectrum and chronological order. {{clear}}Far-left| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party/Reorganized Movement of the Party of the Proletariat
Partido Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses/Movimento Reorganizativo do Partido do Proletariado | PCTP/MRPP | Unknown | A Maoist and formerly pro-Chinese party. It had a high-profile during the Carnation Revolution, mostly due to its influence among some groups of students, although it never reached 2% of the votes or elected a single MP. Generally the largest political party without parliamentary representation. | 1970 | | Workers Party of Socialist Unity
Partido Operário de Unidade Socialista | POUS | Collective leadership | A very small party, it is a member of one small faction of the former Fourth International called the International Secretariat of the Fourth International. | 1976 | | Socialist Alternative Movement
Movimento Alternativa Socialista | MAS | Gil Garcia | Formed in 2000 as a Portuguese Trotskyist political organization and it is the result of a merger between the Left Revolutionary Front (FER - Frente da Esquerda Revolucionária), and the young activists of the student movement Ruptura. The Ruptura/FER activists integrated the Left Bloc since its formation. In 2011, the movement split from the Left Bloc and formed a new party called Socialist Alternative Movement that was approved by the Constitutional Court in July 2013. | 2000 |
Left-wing| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista Português | PCP | Central Committee (Secretary-General: Jerónimo de Sousa) | Founded in 1921 as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International, has its major influence among the working class and played a major role in the opposition to the Estado Novo regime, being brutally repressed in the process. After being one of the most influential parties in the years that followed the Carnation Revolution, it lost most of its power base after the fall of the Eastern Bloc, but still enjoys popularity in vast sectors of Portuguese society, particularly in the rural areas of Alentejo and Ribatejo and also in the heavily industrialized areas around Lisbon and Setúbal. It also has a major influence among the biggest Portuguese labour union – General Confederation of the Portuguese Workers (CGTP). Its historical leader was Álvaro Cunhal. | 1921 | | Ecologist Party "The Greens"
Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" | PEV | Heloísa Apolónia | The first Portuguese green party, it is traditionally allied with the Communist Party in the Unitarian Democratic Coalition. | 1982 | | Left Bloc
Bloco de Esquerda | BE | Collective leadership (coordinator: Catarina Martins) | Formed as a result of the merger of three left-wing parties: the Popular Democratic Union, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, and the Politics XXI. An overwhelmingly urban party, it adopts a wide range of left-wing policies and portrays itself as a modern, progressive alternative to the Communist Party. | 1999 |
Centre-left| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | Socialist Party
Partido Socialista | PS | António Costa | Social Democrat and big tent, the PS is a major party in Portugal, resembling the British Labour Party, the German SPD or the Spanish PSOE. The party was founded before the 1974 Revolution in Bad Münstereifel, West Germany, by (among others) Mário Soares, its historical leader and one of the main opponents of the dictatorial regime. Its leader, António Costa, is the current Prime Minister of Portugal and the current Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres is a former leader and Prime Minister. | 1973 | | People-Animals-Nature
Pessoas-Animais-Natureza | PAN | Collective leadership (spokesperson: André Silva) | Party inspired by environmentalism and strongly focused on the rights of animals and animal welfare and which considers itself to be socially progressive, defending LGBT rights and women's rights. | 2009 | | Portuguese Labour Party
Partido Trabalhista Português | PTP | Amândio Madaleno | Social Democrat, it is a minor party of the centre-left. | 2009 | | FREE
LIVRE | L | Collective leadership | The Livre was formed by former members of the Left Bloc (chief among them Rui Tavares) and other left-wing intellectuals. It's an eco-socialist and Europeist party. | 2014 |
Centre| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | Liberal Democratic Party
Partido Liberal Democrata | PLD | Francisco Oliveira | A liberal-centrist party. Founded in 2007 as the Merit and Society Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Mérito e Sociedade) by the college professor Eduardo Correia. In 2011 changed its name to Liberal Democratic Party. | 2007 | | Democratic Republican Party
Partido Democrático Republicano | PDR | António Marinho e Pinto | Founded by the former leader of the Portuguese Bar Association, António Marinho e Pinto. He ran as the Earth Party candidate for the 2014 European elections but left the party soon after to form his own party. A Eurosceptic party, defends a reform of the electoral system and reform of justice system. | 2014 | | Together for the People
Juntos Pelo Povo | JPP | Filipe Sousa | Formed as an independent movement for the local elections of 2013 in the municipally of Santa Cruz in Madeira. Transformed into a political party in 2015 in order to contest the regional elections in Madeira. | 2015 | | We, the Citizens!
Nós, Cidadãos! | NC | Mendo Castro Henriques | A minor party founded as a result of the anti-austerity movement. | 2015 | | United Party of Retirees and Pensioners
Partido Unido dos Reformados e Pensionistas | PURP | António Mateus Dias | This party's goal is to defend the rights of retirees and pensioners, aiming to position itself as the political voice of the members of this age group. It was founded as a result of the anti-austerity movement. | 2015 | | Liberal Initiative
Iniciativa Liberal | IL | Carlos Guimarães Pinto | A liberal party, it is part of the ALDE in the European Parliament. | 2017 |
Centre-right| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | Social Democratic Party
Partido Popular Democrático/Partido Social Democrata | PPD/PSD | Rui Rio | The name might be somewhat misleading, as the PSD is not a traditional social democratic party, being much closer to the right-wing. A major party (the biggest in terms of party membership), particularly strong in the interior North and Center regions, it is a big tent party and the equivalent of any other centre-right party in Europe such as the British Conservative Party, the Spanish People's Party, or the German CDU. PSD was founded right after the 1974 Revolution as Partido Popular Democrático (Democratic Peoples' Party) by many personalities of the so-called "liberal wing" of the fascist regime, like Francisco Sá Carneiro (the PSD historical leader) and Francisco Pinto Balsemão. The current President of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, is a former leader. | 1974 | | CDS – People's Party
Centro Democrático e Social – Partido Popular | CDS–PP | Assunção Cristas | A traditional Christian Democrat party, very similar to the German CSU. Also founded after the revolution, it is to the right of the PSD, and has advocated stringent social and religious conservatism in the past, although today has a prominent liberal wing. In 1976 it was the only party that voted against approval of a socialist constitution. After a more populist right-wing tendency with his leaders Manuel Monteiro and Paulo Portas in the 1990s and early 2000s, it returned to its centrist Christian Democrat roots with Paulo Portas' second period in its leadership in the late 2000s. | 1974 | | Earth Party
Partido da Terra | MPT | José Inácio Faria | A centre-right green party, founded in 1993 by a faction of the People's Monarchist Party. | 1993 | | Alliance
Aliança | A | Pedro Santana Lopes | A party formed by former Social Democratic leader and former Prime Minister Pedro Santana Lopes. | 2018 |
Right-wing| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | People's Monarchist Party
Partido Popular Monárquico | PPM | Paulo Estevão | Small monarchist party with little political expression. It is known that the pretender heir to the Portuguese throne, Dom Duarte Pio, does not support this party, since the question of monarchical regime is considered to be above partisanship. | 1974 | | Citizenship and Christian Democracy Party
Partido Cidadania e Democracia Cristã | PPV/CDC | Luís Botelho Ribeiro | Originally called Portugal pro Vida (Portugal pro Life), it is a socially conservative political party that opposes abortion and euthanasia and promotes other elements of Catholic social teaching. | 2009 |
Far-right| Name | Abbr. | Leader | History | Founded | | National Renovator Party
Partido Nacional Renovador | PNR | José Pinto Coelho | Ultranationalist party, very similar to the French National Rally. | 2000 |
Extinct partiesThis list presents the parties and coalitions of the current Third Republic that were once recognized by the Portuguese Constitutional Court but ceased to exist. It is organized by political spectrum and alphabetical order (in Portuguese). Far-left- Worker-Peasant Alliance - AOC (Aliança Operário-Camponesa)
- Marxist–Leninist Committee of Portugal - CMLP (Comité Marxista-Leninista de Portugal)
- Communist Electoral Front (Marxist-Leninist) - FEC(ML) (Frente Eleitoral Comunista (Marxista–Leninista))
- Left Revolutionary Front - FER (Frente de Esquerda Revolucionária)
- Popular Unity Force - FUP (Força de Unidade Popular)
- Internationalist Communist League - LCI (Liga Comunista Internacionalista)
- Movement for the Unity of the Workers - MUT (Movimento para a Unidade dos Trabalhadores)
- Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Communist Organization - OCMLP (Organização Comunista Marxista Leninista Portuguesa)
- Workers Politics Communist Organisation - OCPO (Organização Comunista Política Operária)
- Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist-Leninist) - PCP(ML) (Partido Comunista de Portugal (Marxista-Leninista))
- Communist Party (Reconstructed) - PC(R) (Partido Comunista (Reconstruído))
- Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat – Revolutionary Brigades - PRP-BR (Partido Revolucionário do Proletariado - Brigadas Revolucionárias)
- Workers' Revolutionary Party - PRT (Partido Revolucionário dos Trabalhadores)
- Revolutionary Socialist Party - PSR (Partido Socialista Revolucionário)
- Workers' Socialist Party - PST (Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores)
- Labour Party - PT (Partido Trabalhista, not to be confused with the Portuguese Labour Party - PTP)
- Popular Unity Party - PUP (Partido de Unidade Popular)
- Popular Democratic Union - UDP (União Democrática Popular)
Left-wing- United People Alliance - APU (Aliança Povo Unido)
- Electoral Front United People - FEPU (Frente Eleitoral Povo Unido)
- People's Socialist Front - FSP (Frente Socialista Popular)
- Popular Unity Dynamization Groups - GDUPs (Grupos Dinamizadores da Unidade Popular)
- Socialist League of the Workers - LST (Liga Socialista dos Trabalhadores)
- Portuguese Democratic Movement - MDP (Movimento Democrático Português)
- Movement of Socialist Left - MES (Movimento de Esquerda Socialista)
- Politics XXI - PXXI (Política XXI)
- Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy - UEDS (União da Esquerda para a Democracia Socialista)
Centre-left- Independent Social Democratic Association - ASDI (Acção Social Democrata Independente)
- Democratic Center of Macau - CDM (Centro Democrático de Macau)
- Republican and Socialist Front - FRS (Frente Republicana e Socialista)
- Party of the Folk - PG (Partido da Gente)
- Humanist Party - PH (Partido Humanista)
- Democratic Renewal Party - PRD (Partido Renovador Democrático)
- Portuguese Democratic Labour Party - PTDP (Partido Trabalhista Democrático Português)
Centre- Movement for the Sick - MD (Movimento pelo Doente)
- Hope for Portugal Movement - MEP (Movimento Esperança Portugal)
- National Solidarity Party - PSN (Partido da Solidariedade Nacional)
Centre-right- Democratic Alliance - AD (Aliança Democrática)
- Association for the Defense of the Interests of Macau - ADIM (Associação para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macau)
- New Democracy Party – PND (Partido da Nova Democracia)
- Portuguese Party of the Regions - PPR (Partido Português das Regiões)
Right-wing- Democratic Party of the Atlantic - PDA (Partido Democrático do Atlântico)
- Party of the Christian Democracy - PDC (Partido da Democracia Cristã)
Far-right- Democratic Movement of the Liberation of Portugal - MDLP (Movimento Democrático de Libertação de Portugal)
- Independent Movement for the National Reconstruction / Party of the Portuguese Right - MIRN (Movimento Independente para a Reconstrução Nacional / Partido da Direita Portuguesa)
Historical partiesThis list includes the defunct political parties that existed before the Third Republic, in chronological order. Constitutional Monarchy (1834–1910)- Chartism (Cartismo)
- Septemberism (Setembrismo)
- Regenerator Party - PR (Partido Regenerador)
- Historic Party - PH (Partido Histórico)
- Reformist Party - PR (Partido Reformista)
- Constituent Party - PC (Partido Constituinte)
- Progressive Party - PP (Partido Progressista)
- Portuguese Socialist Party - PSP (Partido Socialista Português)
- Portuguese Republican Party - PRP (Partido Republicano Português)
- Liberal Regenerator Party - PRL (Partido Regenerador Liberal)
- Progressive Dissidence - DP (Dissidência Progressista)
First Republic (1910-1926)- Democratic Party (Partido Democrático)
- Evolutionist Party - PRE (Partido Republicano Evolucionista)
- Republican Union - PUR (Partido da União Republicana)
- Lusitanian Integralism - IL (Integralismo Lusitano)
- Monarchist Cause - CM (Causa Monárquica)
- Catholic Centre Party - PCC (Partido do Centro Católico)
- National Republican Party - PNR (Partido Nacional Republicano)
- Republican Liberal Party - PLR (Partido Liberal Republicano)
- Reconstitution Party - PRRN (Partido Republicano da Reconstituição Nacional)
- Regionalist Party - PR (Partido Regionalista)
- Nationalist Republican Party - PRN (Partido Republicano Nacionalista)
- Democratic Leftwing Republican Party - PRED (Partido Republicano Esquerdista Democrático)
- Union of Economic Interests - UIE (União dos Interesses Económicos)
Ditadura Nacional (1926-1933)- National Syndicalists - MNS (Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista)
Estado Novo (1933-1974)- National Union - UN (União Nacional)
- Movement of National Antifascist Unity - MUNAF (Movimento de Unidade Nacional Antifascista)
- Movement of Democratic Unity - MUD (Movimento de Unidade Democrática)
- Portuguese National Liberation Front - FPLP (Frente Portuguesa de Libertação Nacional)
See also- Politics of Portugal
- List of political parties by country
References 1. ^Tribunal Constitucional – Partidos registados e suas denominações, siglas e símbolos
External links- {{cite web | title=Partidos Políticos|url=http://www.cne.pt/content/inscritos| publisher=Comissão Nacional de Eleições| accessdate = 2018-10-31}}
- {{cite web | title=Arquivo Electrónico da Democracia Portuguesa - História dos Partidos|url=http://www.uc.pt/cd25a/wikka.php?wakka=histpar| publisher=Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril| accessdate = 2006-06-20}}
- {{cite web |title= Partidos e Movimentos Portugueses|url=http://www.iscsp.utl.pt/~cepp/xbrowser/indexpar_n.php3| publisher=Centro de Estudos do Pensamento Político| accessdate = 2005-05-17}}
- Results of the parliamentary election of 2011
{{Portuguese political parties}}{{Defunct political parties in Portugal}}{{Portugal topics}}{{List of political parties in Europe}} 5 : Lists of political parties by country|Political parties in Portugal|Portugal politics-related lists|Lists of organisations based in Portugal|Lists of political parties in Europe |