| 词条 | Nijmegen railway bridge |
| 释义 |
|name= Nijmegen Railway Bridge |image= Railway bridge nijmegen.JPG |caption= The railway bridge and attached 'Snelbinder' cycle bridge. |official_name= Nijmegen Bridge |carries= 2 railway lines and bicycles |crosses= Waal river |locale= Nijmegen, Netherlands |maint= |design= Truss bridge |mainspan= {{convert|225|m|ft|0}}[1] |length= {{convert|675|m|ft|0}} |height= |clearance= {{convert|23.1|m|ftin|0}} |below= |traffic= |open= 1879; 1983 |closed= Destroyed twice during World War II. Was rigged to blow by the Germans, but American Allies defused the charges. |toll= |map_cue= |map_image = |map_text= |map_width= |coordinates= {{coord|51.8519|5.8566|display=title,inline}} |extra= |label = |label_size = |alt = |background = |mark = |marksize = |float = |width = }} The Nijmegen railway bridge is a truss bridge spanning the River Waal, connecting the city of Nijmegen to the town of Lent in the Netherlands. ConstructionConstruction started in 1875, on the site of an ancient Roman bridge, and was completed 4 years later in 1879. It originally consisted of 3 truss arches. The southern land abutment, styled as a medieval city gate, was designed by Dutch architect P.J.H Cuypers. These tower structures served the purposes of protecting the entrance to the city of Nijmegen. The railway bridge's construction meant that train connections to Arnhem were possible, thus Nijmegen was the last major city in the Netherlands to be connected to the national rail network. Second World WarThe middle arch of the bridge was destroyed twice during the Second World War but despite this it survived the conflict. The first destruction was done on 10 May 1940 by the Dutch themself, when the Wehrmacht approached. The Germans repaired the bridge and it was back in service on 17. November 1940. The abutment was also damaged by the Germans who mounted anti-aircraft guns on each of the towers. The bridge was involved in Operation Market Garden and was intended to be a key objective for the Allies to hold. The 82nd Airborne Division's assault on the bridge in September 1944 received the nickname "Little Omaha" due to the heavy casualties and became a significant turning point in the battle.[2] War reporter Bill Downs described it as: "A single, isolated battle that ranks in magnificence and courage with Guam, Tarawa, Omaha Beach. A story that should be told to the blowing of bugles and the beating of drums for the men whose bravery made the capture of this crossing over the Waal possible."[3] Despite all that sacrifice, german special forces divers were able to blow up the bridge again in 28. September 1944. [4]ReconstructionThe bridge was reconstructed in 1984, still in the truss style but only one arch was kept in the design. Only the brick abutment remains from the original structure. This land abutment was to be demolished during the reconstruction but protests from the local Nijmegen residents prevented this and it was instead declared a national monument. In 2004, a bicycle bridge known as the Snelbinder was added to the eastern side of the bridge. The third level of the bridge was reconstructed in 2008, precisely from the original building plans. Literature evocationIn the short story of J.H.F. Grönloh (Nescio) "De uitvreter", the main character commits suicide by stepping from the bridge. References{{Commons category|Spoorbrug Nijmegen}}1. ^{{cite web| url = http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0011413| title = Spoorbrug Nijmegen| accessdate = {{date|17 mar 2013}}}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Bowman|first1=Martin|title=Shrinking Perimeter|date=2013|publisher=Pen & Sword|isbn=1473826802}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Megellas|first1=James|title=All the Way to Berlin: A Paratrooper at War in Europe|date=2003|publisher=Random House|isbn=0307414485|page=165}} 4. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3CRZeZycKU Report, starting min 38 8 : Truss bridges|Bridges completed in 1879|Bridges completed in 1984|Bridges over the Rhine|Railway bridges in the Netherlands|Steel bridges in the Netherlands|Bridges in Nijmegen|Rijksmonuments in Nijmegen |
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