| 词条 | List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|post = President |body = Czechoslovakia |insignia = Flag of the President of Czechoslovakia (1918-1939, 1945-1960).png |insigniasize = 150px |insigniacaption = Standard of the President (1918–1960) |image = |imagesize = 120px |imagecaption = |style = His Excellency |residence = Prague Castle Bratislava Castle {{small|(1969–92)}} |appointer = Federal Assembly |appointer_qualified = |precursor = |formation = 14 November 1918 |first = Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk |last = Václav Havel |abolished = 20 July 1992 |succession = {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Václav Havel {{flagicon|Slovakia}} Michal Kováč |salary = }} The President of Czechoslovakia was the head of state of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic in 1992. In periods when the presidency was vacant, most presidential duties were assumed by the Prime Minister. However, the Czechoslovak Constitutions never defined anything like a post of acting president. The second section lists the General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) in 1945–1989. After the 1948 coup d'état, the General Secretary was the country's de facto chief executive. However, three general secretaries (Klement Gottwald, Antonín Novotný and Gustáv Husák) also served as president at some point in their tenures. The last living former President of Czechoslovakia, Václav Havel, died in 2011. {{As of|2017}}, there are two living former General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia: Miloš Jakeš and Karel Urbánek.Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)
General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)Except for the final office-holder, they each held a strong executive power in the country de facto. Title: Chairman (1948–1953) and First Secretary (1953–1971).
TimelineImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:14/11/1917 till:31/12/1992 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1918 Colors = BarData = PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM from: 14/11/1918 till: 14/12/1935 color:black text:"Masaryk" fontsize:10 from: 18/12/1935 till: 05/10/1938 color:pink text:"Beneš" fontsize:10 from: 30/11/1938 till: 15/03/1939 color:black text:"Hácha" fontsize:10 from: 04/04/1945 till: 07/06/1948 color:pink text:"Beneš" fontsize:10 from: 14/06/1948 till: 14/03/1953 color:red text:"Gottwald" fontsize:10 from: 21/03/1953 till: 13/11/1957 color:red text:"Zápotocký" fontsize:10 from: 19/11/1957 till: 22/03/1968 color:red text:"Novotný" fontsize:10 from: 30/03/1968 till: 28/05/1975 color:red text:"Svoboda" fontsize:10 from: 29/05/1975 till: 10/12/1989 color:red text:"Husák" fontsize:10 from: 29/12/1989 till: 20/07/1992 color:blue text:"Havel" fontsize:10 Presidential StandardsReferences1. ^Rare 1943 Third Reich facts booklet 2. ^Heavily illustrated rare big original 1943 Nazi book on Eastern Europe and Asia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410030653/http://od43.com/Europa_Osten_1943.html |date=2009-04-10 }} See also{{Politics of Czechoslovakia}}
6 : Lists of national presidents|Lists of political office-holders in Czechoslovakia|Presidents of Czechoslovakia|Leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Lists of political office-holders in the Czech Republic|Lists of political office-holders in Slovakia |
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