| 词条 | Nikonion |
| 释义 |
|name = Nikonion |native_name = Νικώνιον |alternate_name = |image = 2Скил.jpg |alt = |caption = Coins from Niconium bearing the name of Scyles |map_type = Ukraine |map_alt = |map_size = 270 |coordinates = {{coord|46|11|0|N|30|26|13|E|display=inline,title}} |location = Roksolany, Odessa Oblast, Ukraine |region = |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = {{convert|7|ha|abbr=on}} |height = |builder = Settlers from Miletus |material = |built = Second half of the 6th century BCE |abandoned = Middle of the 3rd century CE |epochs = Archaic Greek to Roman Imperial |cultures = Greek |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = Ruined and partially submerged |ownership = |management = |public_access = Yes |website = |notes = }} Nikonion ({{lang-grc|Νικώνιον}}; {{lang-la|Niconium}}) was an ancient Greek city on the east bank of the Dniester estuary. Its ruins are located 300 meters to the northwest of the modern village Roksolany, in the Ovidiopol district of the Odessa Oblast, Ukraine. HistoryNiconium was founded in the second half of the 6th century BCE by colonists from Miletus. On the opposite bank of the river other Milesian colonists had already founded Tyras. The city was founded at a time when many nomadic tribes were beginning to settle in the areas north of the Black Sea.[2] The Greeks settled in this area because of the plentiful fishing and the opportunity to trade with these barbarian settlers.[3] Stone construction in the city began in the 5th century. At the turn of the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE,{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} the city was destroyed, an event which was associated with the Macedonian commander Zopyrion, associate of Alexander the Great. In the 1st century BCE, the size of the city increased from the previous period.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} Niconium was abandoned permanently in the middle of the third century CE when the area was invaded by the Goths during the Great Migrations. Archaeological excavationsThe city was located on a plateau which now descends steeply into the Dniestr estuary, which has submerged the lower terrace of the city. The size of the city is estimated to be {{convert|7|ha}}. According to the findings of excavations in the area, it appears that in the 5th-4th centuries BC, the money in Niconium mostly consisted of Istrain coins.[6] It is also possible that Niconium itself minted coins, because some of the coins discovered during excavation are unique in appearance and bear the name of the Scythian king Scyles, who had established a protectorate over Niconium and other settlements in the area and may have been buried in the city.[7] References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Sinor|first=Denis|title=The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&pg=PA104|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24304-9|page=104}} [1][2][3][4]2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Long|first=George|title=The Decline of the Roman Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nO7QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA261|accessdate=21 January 2012|year=1866|publisher=Bell & Daldy|page=261}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author=American Numismatic Society|title=Numismatic literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZgoAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 January 2012|year=1972|publisher=American Numismatic Society.}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Метелкин|first=Н. В.|title=Сокровища и ненайденые клады Украины (К)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wee7NCMtIbMC&pg=PA56|year=2006|publisher=Olma Media Group|isbn=978-5-373-00246-2|page=56}} }} Further reading
External links{{commons category}}
4 : Milesian Pontic colonies|Ancient history of Ukraine|Former populated places in Eastern Europe|Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast |
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