“List of Presidents of Lebanon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

List of Presidents of Lebanon

释义

National Pact
Presidents
State of Greater Lebanon, part of the French Mandate (1926–1943) Lebanese Republic (1943–present)
Living former Presidents
See also
References

{{Infobox political post
|post = President
|body = the
Lebanese Republic
|flag = President Seal Lebanon.jpg
|flagsize = 110px
|flagcaption = Presidential Seal
|image = General Michel Aoun.jpg
|imagesize = 165px
|incumbent = Michel Aoun
|incumbentsince = 31 October 2016
|residence = Baabda Palace
|termlength = 6 years
|appointer = Parliament
|style = His/Her Excellency
|formation = Constitution of Lebanon
23 May 1926
|inaugural = Bechara El Khoury
22 November 1943
|website = Presidency of the Lebanese Republic
}}{{Politics of Lebanon}}

This is a list of Presidents of Lebanon since the creation of the office in 1926.

Constitutionally (de jure), the president's post carries significant responsibilities and influence. In practice, the president is largely a ceremonial and symbolic post due to external pressure (such as Syrian influence) or the formation of "consensus" cabinets, forcing the president to compromise. In theory, however, the president is responsible for appointing the entire government, therefore the ministers should work to his pleasure. Nevertheless, the president is still able to exercise influence on policymaking and has the role, in conjunction with the prime minister, of choosing ministers in the Government and safeguarding the constitution.

National Pact

Though it is not specifically stated in the constitution, an unwritten understanding known as the National Pact, agreed in 1943, has resulted in the holder of the post being a Maronite Christian in every electoral cycle since that time. This agreement had to be suspended three times, when three Sunni Muslims, the Prime Ministers had to step in as Acting Presidents, Selim Hoss in 1988, Fouad Siniora in 2007 and Tammam Salam in 2014.

Presidents

Key
—	Acting president.
	National Bloc
	Kataeb Party
	Constitutional Bloc
	National Liberal Party
	Chehabist
	Marada Movement
	Military
	Independence Movement
	Future Movement
	Free Patriotic Movement

№	Portrait	Name {{small\|(Birth–Death)	Elected	Time in office		Duration	Political party	Note(s)
State of Greater Lebanon, part of the French Mandate (1926–1943)
1		Charles Debbas {{lang\|ar\|شارل دباس{{small\|(1885–1935)}}	—	1 September 1926	2 January 1934	7 years, 122 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
2		Antoine Privat-Aubouard {{lang\|ar\|أنطوان أوبوار{{small\|(1874–1934)}}	—	2 January 1934	30 January 1934	28 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
3		Habib Pacha Es-Saad {{lang\|ar\|حبيب باشا السعد{{small\|(1867–1942)}}	—	30 January 1934	20 January 1936	1 year, 357 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
4		Émile Eddé {{lang\|ar\|إميل أده{{small\|(1886–1949)}}	—	20 January 1936	4 April 1941	5 years, 75 days	National Bloc	{{center\|—}}
5		Pierre-Georges Arlabosse {{lang\|ar\|بيار جورج أرلابوس{{small\|(1891–1950)}}	—	4 April 1941	9 April 1941	5 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
6		Alfred Georges Naccache {{lang\|ar\|ألفرد جورج النقاش{{small\|(1887–1978)}}	—	9 April 1941	18 March 1943	1 year, 343 days	Kataeb Party	{{center\|—}}
7		Ayoub Tabet {{lang\|ar\|أيوب تابت{{small\|(1884–1951)}}	—	19 March 1943	21 July 1943	124 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
8		Petro Trad {{lang\|ar\|بيترو طراد{{small\|(1876–1947)}}	—	22 July 1943	21 September 1943	61 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
9		Bechara Khoury {{lang\|ar\|بشارة الخوري{{small\|(1890–1964)}}	—	21 September 1943	11 November 1943	51 days	Constitutional Bloc	{{center\|—}}
Lebanese Republic (1943–present)
№	Portrait	Name {{small\|(Birth–Death)	Elected	Time in office		Duration	Political party	Note(s)
10		Émile Eddé {{lang\|ar\|إميل أده{{small\|(1886–1949)}}	—	11 November 1943	22 November 1943	11 days	National Bloc	{{center\|—}}
11		Bechara Khoury {{lang\|ar\|بشارة الخوري{{small\|(1890–1964)}}	1943	22 November 1943	18 September 1952	8 years, 300 days	Constitutional Bloc	{{center\|—}}
12		Fuad Chehab {{lang\|ar\|فؤاد شهاب{{small\|(1902–1973)}}	—	18 September 1952	22 September 1952	4 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
13		Camille Chamoun {{lang\|ar\|كميل شمعون{{small\|(1900–1987)}}	1952	23 September 1952	22 September 1958	5 years, 364 days	National Liberal Party	{{center\|—}}
14		Fuad Chehab {{lang\|ar\|فؤاد شهاب{{small\|(1902–1973)}}	1958	23 September 1958	22 September 1964	5 years, 364 days	Independent	Chehab served as the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1945 to 1958.
15		Charles Helou {{lang\|ar\|شارل حلو{{small\|(1913–2001)}}	1964	23 September 1964	22 September 1970	5 years, 364 days	Chehabist	{{center\|—}}
16		Suleiman Frangieh {{lang\|ar\|سليمان فرنجية{{small\|(1910–1992)}}	1970	23 September 1970	22 September 1976	5 years, 364 days	Marada Movement	{{center\|—}}
17		Élias Sarkis {{lang\|ar\|إلياس سركيس{{small\|(1924–1985)}}	1976	23 September 1976	22 September 1982	5 years, 364 days	Chehabist	{{center\|—}}
18		Bachir Gemayel {{lang\|ar\|بشير الجميل{{small\|(1947–1982)}}	1982 (Aug)	23 August 1982	14 September 1982	—	Kataeb Party / Lebanese Forces	Gemayel was assassinated prior to taking office, during the Lebanese Civil War.
19		Amine Gemayel {{lang\|ar\|أمين الجميل{{small\|(1942–)}}	1982 (Sep)	23 September 1982	22 September 1988	5 years, 364 days	Kataeb Party	Brother of Bachir Gemayel.
20		Selim Hoss {{lang\|ar\|سليم الحص{{small\|(1929–)}}	—	22 September 1988	5 November 1989	1 year, 44 days	Independent	Disputed: Dismissal as prime minister on 22 September 1988 contested.
21		Michel Aoun {{lang\|ar\|ميشال عون{{small\|(1935–)}}	—	22 September 1988	13 October 1990	2 years, 21 days	Military	Disputed: Appointment as prime minister on 22 September 1988 contested.
22		René Moawad {{lang\|ar\|رينيه معوض{{small\|(1925–1989)}}	1989 (5 Nov)	5 November 1989	22 November 1989	17 days	Independence Movement	Disputed. Moawad was assassinated during the Lebanese Civil War.
23		Elias Hrawi {{lang\|ar\|إلياس الهراوي{{small\|(1926–2006)}}	1989 (24 Nov)	24 November 1989	24 November 1998	9 years	Independent	{{center\|—}}
24		Émile Lahoud {{lang\|ar\|إميل لحود{{small\|(1936–)}}	1998	24 November 1998	24 November 2007	9 years	Independent	Lahoud served as the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1989 to 1998.
25		Fouad Siniora {{lang\|ar\|فؤاد السنيورة{{small\|(1943–)}}	—	24 November 2007	25 May 2008	184 days	Future Movement (March 14 Alliance)	{{center\|—}}
26		Michel Suleiman {{lang\|ar\|ميشال سليمان{{small\|(1948–)}}	2008	25 May 2008	25 May 2014	6 years	Independent	Suleiman served as the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1998 to 2008.
27		Tammam Salam {{lang\|ar\|تمّام سلام{{small\|(1945–)}}	—	25 May 2014	31 October 2016	2 years, 5 months, 7 days	Independent	{{center\|—}}
28		Michel Aoun {{lang\|ar\|ميشال عون{{small\|(1935–)}}	2014–2016	31 October 2016	Incumbent	{{ayd\|2016\|10\|31}}	Free Patriotic Movement	Aoun served as the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1984 to 1989.

Living former Presidents

Name	Term of office	Date of birth	Political party
Amine Gemayel	1982–1988	1942\|1\|22\|df=y}}	Kataeb Party
Émile Lahoud	1998–2007	1936\|1\|12\|df=y}}	Independent
Michel Suleiman	2008–2014	1948\|11\|21\|df=y}}	Independent

References

3 : Presidents of Lebanon|Lists of national presidents|Lists of political office-holders in Lebanon

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National Pact

Presidents

State of Greater Lebanon, part of the French Mandate (1926–1943)

Lebanese Republic (1943–present)

Living former Presidents

See also

References