“Nintendo video game consoles”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Japanese multinational consumer electronics company Nintendo has developed seven home video game consoles and multiple portable consoles for use with external media, as well as dedicated consoles and other hardware for their consoles. {{As of|2015|9|30|df=US}}, Nintendo has sold over 722.22 million hardware units.^[1]^[2]

Although the company had released Color TV Game also Game & Watch, which were their first and second systems respectfully, they did not achieve worldwide success until the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983. The NES restarted the video game industry after the video game crash of 1983, and was an international success. In 1989, Nintendo released the Game Boy, which became the first handheld console to sell in large numbers. In the early 1990s, Nintendo's market lead began to decrease; although the 1990 Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) was a strong seller, the Mega Drive/Genesis was a very strong contender. Nintendo and Sega would both lose a significant portion of the console market towards the end of the 1990s, as Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation became the most popular console, beating the Nintendo 64, though Nintendo managed to sell more than Sega Saturn.

The Dreamcast, released in 1999, PlayStation 2, released in 2000, and Microsoft's Xbox, released in 2001, would eventually relegate Nintendo to third place in the international market, despite the release of the GameCube. However, they retained their lead in the handheld console market, with the Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance models. Towards the middle of the 2000s, Nintendo introduced the first successful handheld device with a touch screen (DS) and the first successful console designed for motion controlled inputs (the Wii); they became some of the best-selling consoles of all time. In 2010, Nintendo became the first major company to release a handheld game console with stereoscopic 3D capabilities, with the 3DS, which had very strong sales from the beginning. The Wii U, released in 2012, was much less successful, and sales were significantly lower than predicted. The company's most recent console, Nintendo Switch, was released in March 2017 and has now surpassed the entire lifetime sales of the Wii U.

Home consoles

Color TV-Game

The Color TV-Game is a series of five dedicated home consoles released only in Japan. Each of the consoles contained a small number of games and a built-in controller. In total, approximately 3 million units were sold.^[3]

Nintendo Entertainment System

Released July 15, 1983, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit video game console released by Nintendo in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa and was Nintendo's first home video game console released outside Japan. In Japan, it is known as the "Family Computer" (or "Famicom", as it is commonly abbreviated). Selling 61.91 million units worldwide, the NES helped revitalize the video game industry following the video game crash of 1983 and set the standard for subsequent consoles in everything from game design to business practices. The NES was the first console for which the manufacturer openly courted third-party developers. Many of Nintendo's most iconic franchises, such as The Legend of Zelda and Metroid were started on the NES. Nintendo continued to repair Famicom consoles in Japan until October 31, 2007, attributing the decision to discontinue support to an increasing shortage of the necessary parts.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Nintendo released a software-emulation-based version of the Nintendo Entertainment System on November 10, 2016. Called the NES Classic Edition, it is a dedicated console that comes with a single controller and 30 preloaded games.^[7]

Super Nintendo Entertainment System

Released November 21, 1990, The Super Nintendo Entertainment System, officially abbreviated the Super NES or SNES and colloquially shortened to Super Nintendo, is a 16-bit video game console released by Nintendo in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa. In Japan it is known as the Super Famicom. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics.

The Super NES was Nintendo's second home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System. Whereas the earlier console had struggled in the PAL region and large parts of Asia, the Super NES was a global success, albeit one that could not match its predecessor's popularity in Northeast Asia and North America—due in part to increased competition from Sega's Genesis console (released in Europe as the Mega Drive). Despite its relatively late start, the Super NES became the best selling console of the 16-bit era, selling 49.10 million systems worldwide.^[1] The Super NES library is known for upgrading some of Nintendo's most famous franchises, and making the games even more critically acclaimed, such as Super Metroid, A Link to the Past, Final Fantasy IV and VI, Donkey Kong Country and Super Mario World, as well starting some popular franchises such as Star Fox and Mega Man X.

Nintendo 64

Released June 23, 1996, The Nintendo 64, commonly called the N64, and codenamed Ultra 64, was Nintendo's third home video game console for the international market. It was released with three launch games in Japan (Super Mario 64, Pilotwings 64 and Saikyo Habu Shogi) and two in North America (Super Mario 64 and Pilotwings 64). PAL regions also had three launch titles (Super Mario 64, Shadows of the Empire and Pilotwings 64) with Dinosaur Hunter delayed until three days after launch. Other key games included Donkey Kong 64, Diddy Kong Racing, Banjo-Kazooie, two games in The Legend of Zelda series, GoldenEye 007, Mario Kart 64, Super Smash Bros. and Star Fox 64. The Nintendo 64 sold 32.93 million systems.^[1]

Nintendo GameCube

The Nintendo GameCube (commonly shortened to GameCube, NGC or GCN) was released in 2001. It was Nintendo's sixth generation game console, the same generation as Sega's Dreamcast, Sony's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox. Until the console's unveiling at SpaceWorld 2000, the design project was known as Dolphin—this can still be seen in the console and its accessories' model numbers. The GameCube is the most compact sixth generation console. The GameCube is Nintendo's first game console to use optical discs rather than game cartridges. An agreement with the optical drive manufacturer Matsushita led to a DVD-playing GameCube system named the Panasonic Q, which was only released in Japan. Much of Nintendo's core line-up centered on sequels to their established hit franchises such as Super Mario Sunshine, Super Smash Bros. Melee, Wind Waker, Metroid Prime, Pokémon Colosseum and Star Fox Adventures, while new franchises like Animal Crossing and Pikmin were born, although the former franchise had seen a Japan-exclusive release on the N64. The GameCube has sold 21.74 million units.^[1]

Wii

The Wii was released on November 19, 2006 as Nintendo's seventh-generation home console. Nintendo designed the console to appeal towards a wider audience than those of its main competitors, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, including "casual" players and audiences that were new to video games.^[11]^[8]

These aims were emphasized by the console's distinguishing feature, the Wii Remote—a handheld motion controller that can detect motion and rotation in three dimensions, using a mixture of internal sensors and infrared positioning. The controller includes an expansion port that can be used to connect other accessories, such as the Nunchuk—an attachment with an analog stick and additional buttons, a "Classic Controller" gamepad providing a traditional control scheme, and Wii MotionPlus—an accessory designed to enhance the motion detection capabilities of the original Wii Remote models.^[11]^[8]

The Wii's internal hardware is an updated derivative of that of the GameCube; in comparison to its seventh-generation competitors, the Wii had lower overall graphics capabilities, and does not output in high-definition.^[9]^[10] The Wii also featured internet-enabled features; the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service allowed supported games to offer online multiplayer and other features, while the WiiConnect24 feature allowed messages and updates to be downloaded while the console was in standby. Through Wii Shop Channel, additional games and apps can be downloaded or purchased for the console, including Virtual Console—a selection of classic video games emulated from older consoles. Early models of the Wii also had backwards compatibility with GameCube games and controllers, but this was dropped from later hardware revisions.

The Wii was a major success for Nintendo; in April 2007, the Wall Street Journal declared that Nintendo had "become the company to beat in the games business", citing the success of the Wii and the portable Nintendo DS line.^[11] {{As of|2016|03|31|df=US}}, the Wii has sold 101.63 million consoles worldwide.^[12] Wii Sports—a collection of sports minigames that were designed to leverage the Wii Remote, was bundled with the console outside of Japan, and had a major cultural impact as the console's "killer app" among the mainstream audience.^[13]^[14]

Wii U

The Wii U was released on November 18, 2012 as a direct successor to the Wii, and the first entry in the eighth generation of home video game consoles. The Wii U's distinguishing hardware feature is the GamePad, a tablet-like controller which contains a touchscreen that wirelessly streams a video output from the console. The GamePad's display can be used to provide alternative or complimentary perspectives within a game, or as the main display in lieu of a television.^[15]^[16] In particular, Nintendo promoted the concept of "asymmetric" multiplayer, where a player with the GamePad would have a different objective and perspective than that of other players.^[17] Alongside the GamePad, the Wii U supports Wii controllers and games. A conventional gamepad known as the Wii U Pro Controller was also released.^[18]^[19]^[16]

The Wii U features more-extensive online functionality than the Wii, using the Nintendo Network platform; as with the Wii, it supports online multiplayer and downloading and purchasing new games and apps, but also allows video chat. It previously featured an internal social network known as Miiverse, which allowed users to write and draw posts in game-specific communities, the service was discontinued on November 8, 2017.^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23] Nintendo also attempted to provide second screen experiences for television programming for the Wii U through a feature known as Nintendo TVii,^[24]^[25] but it was discontinued outside of Japan in August 2015.^[26] Unlike the Wii, the Wii U's hardware is capable of high-definition graphics.^[16]

The Wii U received an initially tepid response, credited to a weak launch lineup, diminishing third-party commitment to the platform, as well as the subsequent release of the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One the following year.^[27]^[28] However, some critics argued that the Wii U still had advantages over PS4 and Xbox One, including its lower cost and notable early exclusives such as Super Mario 3D World.^[29]^[30] Sales steadily increased following the release of several notable first-party exclusives, including new entries in the Mario Kart and Super Smash Bros. franchises,^[31]^[32]^[33] and the new franchise Splatoon.^[34]

In January 2017, a Nintendo spokesperson stated that production of the console had ended, with just 13.56 million units sold.^[35]

Nintendo Switch

The Nintendo Switch was released on March 3, 2017 and is Nintendo's second entry in the eighth generation of home video game consoles. The system was code-named "Nintendo NX" prior to its official announcement. It is a hybrid device that can be used as a home console inserted to the Nintendo Switch Dock attached to a television, stood up on a table with the kickstand, or as a tablet-like portable console. It features two detachable wireless controllers called Joy-Con, that can be used individually or attached to a grip to provide a more traditional game pad form. Both Joy-Con are built with motion sensors and HD Rumble, Nintendo's haptic vibration feedback system for improved gameplay experiences. However, only the right Joy-Con has an NFC reader on its analog joystick for Amiibo and an IR sensor on the back. The Nintendo Switch Pro Controller is a traditional style controller much like the one of the Gamecube.

The console's reveal trailer^[36] premiered on October 20, 2016 and showcased the hybrid functionality of the system as well as footage from Breath of the Wild and from potential new titles in the Super Mario, Mario Kart, and Splatoon franchises. These unknown games were later announced to be Super Mario Odyssey, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, and Splatoon 2 respectively.

The Nintendo Switch has sold 32.27 million units as of December 21, 2018, outselling the Nintendo GameCube within its first two years of launch.^[37]

Portable consoles

Game & Watch

The Game & Watch series were handheld electronic games made by Nintendo and created by its game designer Gunpei Yokoi from 1980 to 1991. Most featured a single game that could be played on an LCD screen, in addition to a clock and an alarm. Most titles had a "GAME A" and a "GAME B" button. Game B is usually a faster, more difficult version of Game A. Different models were manufactured, with some consoles having two screens (the Multiscreen Series) and a clam-shell design. The Nintendo DS later reused this design. The Game & Watch made handhelds vastly popular. Many toy companies followed in the footsteps of Game & Watch, such as Tiger Electronics and their Star Wars themed games. Nintendo's Game & Watch units were eventually superseded by the original Game Boy. Each Game & Watch was only able to play one game, due to the use of a segmented LCD display being pre-printed with an overlay. The speed and responsiveness of the games was also limited by the time it took the LCD to change state. The Game & Watch sold over 80 million units worldwide.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Game Boy

The Game Boy was the first handheld game console sold by Nintendo that featured interchangeable cartridges for each game, unlike the Game & Watch that had a different system for each game. Released in 1989 in Japan, it is one of the world's best-selling game console lines, with over 100 million units sold worldwide.^[1] The classic Game Boy was sold in a number of different revisions and variations, including the streamlined Game Boy Pocket and the Game Boy Light in Japan. In 1998, Nintendo released the Game Boy Color, a new Game Boy platform with color graphics. Combined,^[38] the Game Boy and Game Boy Color sold 118.69 million units worldwide.^[1]

Virtual Boy

Nintendo's Virtual Boy (also known as the VR-32 during development) was the first portable game console capable of displaying true 3D graphics. Most video games are forced to use monocular cues to achieve the illusion of three dimensions on a two-dimensional screen, but the Virtual Boy was able to create a more accurate illusion of depth through an effect known as parallax. The Nintendo 3DS also uses this technology. In a manner similar to using a head-mounted display, the user looks into an eyepiece made of neoprene on the front of the machine, and then an eyeglass-style projector allows viewing of the monochromatic (in this case, red) image. It was released on July 21, 1995 in Japan and August 14, 1995 in North America and at a price of around US$180. It met with a lukewarm reception that was unaffected by continued price drops. Exactly 14 titles were released for Virtual Boy in North America, but only a few were met with positive reception. The system is rarely mentioned by Nintendo, however it is seen through microgames in WarioWare games. Nintendo discontinued the Virtual Boy within a few months of release.

Game Boy Color

In 1998, Nintendo introduced the Game Boy Color as the successor to the original Game Boy.^[39] It features a color screen and an 8-bit processor and a custom Zilog Z80 central processing unit.^[40] It was made to compete with the WonderSwan Color and the Neo Geo Pocket. Its best selling game was Pokémon Gold and Silver series.^[41]^[42]

Game Boy Advance

In 2001, Nintendo introduced the Game Boy Advance, the first major technological upgrade to the Game Boy line. Nintendo later released two revised models of the Game Boy Advance, the Game Boy Advance SP and the Game Boy Micro. The Game Boy Advance SP features a smaller clamshell design, and introduced a built-in screen light and rechargeable battery which became standard features for future Nintendo handhelds. The Game Boy Micro is an even smaller variant with interchangeable designer faceplates. The three Game Boy Advance models have sold 81.51 million units worldwide.^[1]

Nintendo DS

The Nintendo DS (abbreviated NDS, DS, or the full name Nintendo Dual Screen, and iQue DS in China) is a handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo, released in 2004. It is visibly distinguishable by its horizontal clamshell design, and the presence of two displays, the lower of which acts as a touchscreen. The system also has a built-in microphone and supports wireless IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standards, allowing players to interact with each other within short range (10–30 meters, depending on conditions) or over the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service via a standard Wi-Fi access point.

According to Nintendo, the letters "DS" in the name stand for "Developers' System" and "Double Screen", the former of which refers to the features of the handheld designed to encourage innovative gameplay ideas among developers.^[43] The system was known as "Project Nitro" during development.

On March 2, 2006, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS Lite, a redesigned model of the Nintendo DS, in Japan. It was later released in North America, Australia and Europe.

As of December 31, 2013, Nintendo DS consoles have sold 154.98 million units, including 93.86 million Nintendo DS Lites.^[1]

A second redesign of the Nintendo DS, the Nintendo DSi, was released on November 1, 2008, in Japan, on April 2, 2009 in Australia, April 3, 2009 in Europe, and April 5, 2009 in North America. It contains two cameras and downloadable software capabilities, plus a built-in flash memory and web browser. An SD card slot replaces the Game Boy Advance cartridge slot. A similar model, known as the Nintendo DSi XL, was released in 2010. It features the same configurations as its predecessor, but is slightly larger and features a large stylus designed for home use. As of December 31, 2013, Nintendo DSi consoles have sold 41.33 million units.^[1]

Nintendo 3DS

Although the name and look of the device are similar to that of the DS series, the Nintendo 3DS (or shortly 3DS) is the successor to the DS and a brand new console. The Nintendo 3DS was released February 26, 2011.

It contains three cameras, two on the outside (for 3D photographs) and one internal one above the top screen. The bottom screen is a touch screen comparable to the DS bottom screens, and the top screen is Wide Screen and an autostereoscopic 3D LCD. Autostereoscopy is a process that sends different images to the left and right eyes to enable the viewer to view the screen in 3D "without the need for special glasses". The 3DS is said to enhance Nintendo's online experience. In 2012, the 3DS XL was released, similar to the change between the DSi and DSi XL. It has 90% larger screens and design changes such as a matte finish and the stylus in a more accessible area. The 2DS was released on October 12, 2013. It is a variant designed to be affordable without the clamshell design or 3D capabilities of the 3DS. Another redesign, the New Nintendo 3DS, was released in Japan in October 2014, Australia for November 2014, and everywhere else in February 2015. It includes a C-Stick, ZR and ZL shoulder buttons, and a faster CPU, allowing for more software specifically for the New Nintendo 3DS (such as Xenoblade Chronicles 3D). Like the original 3DS, the New Nintendo 3DS also has an XL form.

As of December 31, 2013, Nintendo has sold 42.74 million units, including 15.21 million Nintendo 3DS XLs and 2.11 million Nintendo 2DS units.^[1]

The latest handheld console was the New Nintendo 2DS XL, which was released in July 2017 across five different countries.

Nintendo Switch

The Nintendo Switch is a hybrid home and portable console. More information can be found in the home consoles section of this article.

Other hardware

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1509.pdf|title=Consolidated Sales Transition by Region|accessdate=January 29, 2014|date=January 28, 2014|publisher=Nintendo|format=PDF}}
2. ^{{cite web|url= http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/clubn/game-and-watch-ball-reward/0/3|accessdate=June 23, 2013|publisher=Nintendo of America|title= Iwata Asks: Game & Watch}}
3. ^{{cite book |title=How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children |last=Sheff |first=David |last2=Eddy |first2=Andy |author-link=David Sheff |publisher=GamePress |year=1999 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dK2AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Color+TV+Game%22 27] |isbn=978-0-9669617-0-6|quote=Nintendo entered the home market in Japan with the dramatic unveiling of Color TV-Game 6, which played six versions of light tennis. It was followed by a more powerful sequel, Color TV-Game 15. A million units of each were sold. The engineering team also came up with systems that played a more complex game, called "Blockbuster," as well as a racing game. Half a million units of these were sold.}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0710/16/news102.html|script-title=ja:初代「ファミコン」など公式修理サポート終了|accessdate=January 20, 2008|author=|date=October 16, 2007|work=ITmedia News|publisher=ITmedia|language=Japanese}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-renaissance.com/2007/10/nintendo-of-japan-dropping-hardware.html |title=Nintendo of Japan dropping Hardware support for the Famicom |accessdate=January 20, 2008 |author=RyanDG |date=October 16, 2007 |work= |publisher=Arcade Renaissance |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317164110/http://www.arcade-renaissance.com/2007/10/nintendo-of-japan-dropping-hardware.html |archivedate=March 17, 2008 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Nintendo's classic Famicom faces end of road |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAJfrC1k8lDKLOCGJu4VonjOYxBg |format=Reprint |publisher=AFP |date=October 31, 2007 |accessdate=November 9, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105193128/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAJfrC1k8lDKLOCGJu4VonjOYxBg |archivedate=November 5, 2007 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web |title=NES Classic Edition |url=http://www.nintendo.com/nes-classic/|accessdate=March 15, 2017|author=Nintendo|date=}}
8. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-08-14-nintendo-qa_x.htm|title=Nintendo hopes Wii spells wiinner|website=USA Today|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/03/30/revolutions-horsepower|title=Revolution's Horsepower|last=Casamassina|first=Matt|date=March 29, 2006|website=IGN|language=en-US|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
10. ^¹²{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/24/arts/24wii.html|title=Getting Everybody Back in the Game|last=Schiesel|first=Seth|date=November 24, 2006|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 20, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
11. ^Nick Wingfield and Yukari Iwatani Kane, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117691936534774315 Wii and DS Turn Also-Ran Nintendo Into Winner in Videogames Business], Wall Street Journal, April 19, 2007
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/en/sales/hard_soft/|title=IR Information : Sales Data - Hardware and Software Sales Units|work=Nintendo Co., Ltd.}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/study-wii-kids-lose-weight/1100-6166231/|title=Study: Wii kids lose weight|last=Boyes|first=Emma|date=February 23, 2007|website=GameSpot|language=en-US|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/iwata-wii-sports-2-benched-for-now/1100-6178806/|title=Iwata: Wii Sports 2 benched for now|date=September 18, 2007|website=GameSpot|language=en-US|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
15. ^{{Citation|last=Crecente|first=Brian|title=The surprising (mundane) tech behind the Wii U's magical GamePad|date=November 16, 2012|url=https://www.polygon.com/2012/11/16/3653294/wii-u-range-test-gamepad|accessdate=August 20, 2017}}
16. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/2012/11/18/3660470/wii-u-review|title=Wii U review|last=|first=|date=November 18, 2012|website=Polygon|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/35102/Nintendo_Unveils_Wii_U_Controller_With_BuiltIn_62quot_Touchscreen.php|title=Nintendo Unveils Wii U, Controller With Built-In 6.2" Touchscreen|last=Caoili|first=Eric|date=|work=Gamasutra|access-date=August 20, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/06/05/nintendo-two-wii-u-gamepads-will-work-on-one-system/|title=Nintendo: two Wii U Gamepads will work on one system|author=Jon Fingas|date=June 5, 2012|publisher=Engadget|accessdate=June 5, 2012}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5915318/nintendo-unveils-hardcore-wii-u-controller |title=Nintendo Unveils Hardcore Wii U Controller |work=Kotaku |date= |accessdate=June 12, 2012}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Nintendo Wii U Adds Video Chat|url=http://www.informationweek.com/nintendo-wii-u-adds-video-chat/d/d-id/1107458?|website=InformationWeek|accessdate=December 25, 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Wii U allows 12 user accounts per system, eShop downloads playable by all|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-11-07-wii-u-allows-10-user-accounts-per-system-eshop-downloads-played-by-all|website=Eurogamer|accessdate=December 25, 2014}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Wii U's online gaming and 'Miiverse' outlined, including video chat and web client|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/3/3061382/nintendo-wii-u-online-gaming-ios-app-community-messaging|website=The Verge|accessdate=December 24, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Nintendo reveals English version of 'Mii WaraWara': the WaraWara Plaza|url=http://www.polygon.com/2012/11/7/3612588/nintendo-reveals-english-version-of-mii-warawara-the-warawara-plaza|website=Polygon|accessdate=December 24, 2014}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Nintendo TVii for Wii U Hands-On|url=http://ca.ign.com/articles/2012/12/21/nintendo-tvii-for-wii-u-hands-on|website=IGN|accessdate=December 25, 2014}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2409681,00.asp|title=Nintendo TVii Streams Video, DVR, Live TV to Wii U|work=PC Magazine|accessdate=October 13, 2014}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Nintendo shutting down Wii U TVii service in August|url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/7/24/9037965/nintendo-wii-u-tvii-closure|website=Polygon|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=July 25, 2015}}
27. ^{{cite news|last=Kohler|first=Chris|title=What the Hell Is Wrong With Nintendo?|url=https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2013/12/wii-u-sales/|work=Wired|accessdate=December 30, 2013|date=December 5, 2013}}
28. ^{{cite news|last=Nowak|first=Peter|title=Year in review: The biggest tech flops of 2013|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/year-in-review-the-biggest-tech-flops-of-2013-1.2467354|work=CBC News|accessdate=December 30, 2013|date=December 30, 2013}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Xbox or PS4? Maybe that's the wrong question|url=http://news.cnet.com/1606-2_3-50159685.html|publisher=CNET|accessdate=December 14, 2013}}
30. ^{{cite news|last=Suellentrop|first=Chris|title=Mario Tries to Rescue His Console|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/25/arts/video-games/super-mario-3d-world-could-make-the-wii-u-popular.html?_r=3&adxnnl=1&ref=arts&adxnnlx=1386890554-ggZNG/r8oOu1Q+l0dZMD5w|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 12, 2013|date=November 24, 2013}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/1/15/7554785/nintendo-says-wii-u-just-had-it-biggest-month-of-sales|title=Nintendo says Wii U just had its biggest month of sales|work=Polygon|accessdate=February 22, 2015}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/mario-kart-8-sells-1-2-million-becoming-wii-u-s-fastest-selling-game/1100-6420033/|title=Mario Kart 8 Sells 1.2 Million, Becoming Wii U's Fastest-Selling Game|last=Pereira|first=Chris|date=June 2, 2014|website=GameSpot|language=en-US|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
33. ^{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/06/nintendo-at-e3-a-comeback-is-always-just-a-game-away/|title=Nintendo at E3: A comeback is always just a game away|work=Ars Technica|access-date=August 20, 2017|language=en-us}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-06-01-wii-u-exclusive-splatoon-is-consoles-fastest-selling-new-ip|title=Splatoon is Wii U's fastest-selling new franchise in UK|first=Tom|last=Phillips|work=Eurogamer|date=June 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601214215/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-06-01-wii-u-exclusive-splatoon-is-consoles-fastest-selling-new-ip|archivedate=June 1, 2015|deadurl=no|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}
35. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/wii-u-production-ends-worldwide/1100-6447419/|title=Wii U Production Ends Worldwide|last=Makuch|first=Eddie|date=January 31, 2017|website=GameSpot|language=en-US|access-date=August 20, 2017}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5uik5fgIaI|title=First Look at Nintendo Switch|first=|last=Nintendo|date=October 20, 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
37. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/en/finance/hard_soft/index.html|title=Nintendo Dedicated Video Game Sales Units|date=December 31, 2018|work=|access-date=March 20, 2019|language=en}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/10/game_consoles/source/7.htm |title=A Brief History of Game Console Warfare: Game Boy |accessdate=January 25, 2008 |publisher=BusinessWeek |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509094404/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/10/game_consoles/source/7.htm |archivedate=May 9, 2007 |df= }}
39. ^{{cite interview|last=Umezu|last2=Sugino|last3=|interviewer=Satoru Iwata|title=Nintendo 3DS (Volume 3 – Nintendo 3DS Hardware Concept)|url=http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/3ds/how-nintendo-3ds-made/1/0|type=Interview: Transcript|work=Iwata Asks|publisher=Nintendo|accessdate=March 7, 2011}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://verhoeven272.nl/cgi-bin/FS?fruttenboel%2FGameboy&Gameboy+section&GBtop&GBsummary&GBcontent|title=GBC Hardware Info|publisher=The Internet|accessdate=September 27, 2007}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-magicbox.com/topten2.htm |title=Japan Platinum Game Chart |publisher=The Magic Box |accessdate=September 27, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213230402/http://www.the-magicbox.com/topten2.htm |archivedate=December 13, 2007 |df= }}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-USPlatinum.shtml |title=US Platinum Videogame Chart |publisher=The Magic Box |accessdate=September 27, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421003854/http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-USPlatinum.shtml |archivedate=April 21, 2007 |df= }}
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.com/consumer/systems/ds/faq.jsp|title=Nintendo DS Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Nintendo|accessdate=April 2, 2006}}
44. ^Other Stuff. DieHard GameFan. Volume 1. Issue 12. No.12. P.163. November 1993.
45. ^{{cite news|last= |first= |title=Gateway System Gets Shanghaied|work=GamePro|issue=56|publisher=IDG|date=March 1994|page=186}}