| 词条 | Nirmalyam | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Nirmalyam | image = Nirmalayam.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Poster | director = M. T. Vasudevan Nair[1] | producer = Novel Films | writer = M. T. Vasudevan Nair | based on = {{based on|Pallivalum Kalchilambum|M. T. Vasudevan Nair}} | narrator = | starring = P. J. Antony Shanta Devi Kaviyoor Ponnamma | music = Original Songs: K. Raghavan Original Score: M. B. Sreenivasan | cinematography = Ramachandra Babu | editing = Ravi | studio = | distributor = | released = 1973 | runtime = 134 minutes | country = India | language = Malayalam | budget = | gross = }}Nirmalyam ({{lang-ml|നിര്മ്മാല്യം}}, meaning "Remains" or "Yesterday's Offerings") is a 1973 Malayalam film written and directed by M. T. Vasudevan Nair,[1][2] and starring P. J. Antony and Shanta Devi.[3][4] Malayalam actor P. J. Antony won the National Film Award for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance as a velichappadu (an oracle or a medium between the Goddess and the worshipper in a Hindu temple) in this movie.[5] The film received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film and Kerala State Film Award for Best Film in 1974. It is one of the classics in Malayalam cinema.[6] It is the debut of M. T. Vasudevan Nair as director and also the debut of Sukumaran and Sumithra as actors. It is the second movie of Ravi Menon, who acted earlier in a Hindi movie. This movie was a breakthrough in Ravi Menon's acting career. The movie is an adaptation of the short story "Pallivalum Kalchilambum" by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. PlotThe movie revolves around a neglected temple and the people dependent on the temple. P. J. Antony (Velichapdu or oracle) is the caretaker of the temple. The Velichapadu's wife Narayani (Kaviyoor Ponnamma) runs the household with the meager income from temple. His son Appu (Sukumaran) is educated but is unemployed as a result he loses faith in the temple and goddess. Velcihapadu's daughter Ammini helps him in temple rituals. The temple priest quits and starts a tea shop. A new priest from neighboring village Brahmadattan Nambothiri (Ravi Menon) now takes care of the temple. He is eager to get a government job as his situation at home is not good and younger sisters not yet married. He seduces Ammini, daughter of Velichapdu and leaves the village. Because of extreme poverty Velichapdu starts to beg. One day his son Appu tries to sell the holy sword to a pawn seller and Velichapadu finds it. He asks his son Appu to leave the house immediately. Meanwhile, there is a smallpox outbreak in the village, first affected is Variyar's wife. Due to the outbreak of smallpox people become serious about the temple and its ritual. The villagers decide to conduct the festival in temple for the Goddess and started collecting money from all. On the day of festival Velichapadu found that his wife was selling her body to a local moneylender for a living. The Velichapadu was totally devastated. The film ends with a devastating scene. The oracle dances before the goddess, spits at her face with his blood, strikes his forehead with the sacred sword, till he falls down dead. Cast
ProductionThe film's major shooting location was a small village near Edappal called Mukkola (Mukuthala).The film is produced by M. T. Vasudevan Nair under the banner of Novel Films.[7] Cinematographer Ramachandra Babu says, "There was full co-operation from the villagers and they always were there to help us with properties for the scenes and also acting in minor and crowd scenes. In fact they got so attached to the unit, many children were in tears when it was time for us to depart after the shooting was over. Except for the Sreekovil portion all other scenes were completed in one schedule. We had erected a set in Calicut where the Sreekovil with the idol where close up shots were taken. It was because in the temple which was used for our shooting there were no regular Poojas taking place and more over it was such a cramped place and customs prevent you from entering it too for placing lights etc. For other outdoor locations, we used the steps on the riverside at Thirumittakode temple for the parting song and a cave nearby for the rain sequence which was done with the help of fire engines." Post production was done in Madras.[8] Veteran actor Sankaradi was originally cast for the role of Velichapad. But he rejected the offer saying that his physique wouldn't suit the role. He himself suggested P. J. Antony, whose performance is still regarded as one of the finest onscreen performances ever.[9] Soundtrack
Awards
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1973.htm|title=List of Malayalam films released during the year 1973|publisher=PRD, Government of Kerala|accessdate=2009-10-20}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/143869/Nirmalyam/overview|title=Nirmalyam (1973)|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2009-10-20}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0070449/|title=Nirmalyam (1973) |publisher=IMDB|accessdate=2009-10-20}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/mmdb/4736.html|title=Nirmalyam [1973]|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info|accessdate=2009-10-20}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/15/stories/2005031514720300.htm|title=P.J. Antony remembered|date=2005-03-15|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=2009-09-23|location=Chennai, India}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Screenplays for ever|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/screenplays-for-ever/article6449094.ece|agency=The Hindu|date=26 September 2014}} 7. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2482063.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=B. | last=Vijayakumar | title=Nirmalyam 1973 | date=2011-09-25}} 8. ^Ramachandra Babu. Nirmalyam. Nostalgia. Retrieved 13 January 2012. 9. ^"ശങ്കരാടി,നാട്യങ്ങളില്ലാത്ത നടന്". Janayugom. Retrieved 2012-01-04. External links
7 : 1973 films|Indian films|1970s Malayalam-language films|Films featuring a Best Actor National Award-winning performance|Screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair|Best Feature Film National Film Award winners|Films shot in Kerala |
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