“NKVD special camp Nr. 2”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

NKVD special camp Nr. 2 was a NKVD special camp located at the site of the former Nazi Buchenwald concentration camp.

Between 1945 and February 10, 1950, the camp was administered by the Soviet Union and served as Special Camp No. 2 of the NKVD.^[1] It was part of a "special camps" network operating since 1945, formally integrated into the Gulag in 1948.^[2]^[3] Another infamous "special camp" in Soviet occupied Germany was the former Nazi concentration camp Sachsenhausen (special camp No. 7).^[4]

Between August 1945 and the dissolution on March 1, 1950, 28,455 prisoners, including 1,000 women, were held by the Soviet Union at Buchenwald.^[5] A total of 7,113 people died in Special Camp Number 2, according to the Soviet records.^[5] They were buried in mass graves in the woods surrounding the camp. Their relatives did not receive any notification of their deaths. Prisoners comprised alleged opponents of Stalinism, and alleged members of the Nazi Party or Nazi organizations; others were imprisoned due to identity confusion and arbitrary arrests.^[6]^[8] The NKVD would not allow any contact of prisoners with the outside world^[7] and did not attempt to determine the guilt of any individual prisoner.^[8]

On January 6, 1950, Soviet Minister of Internal Affairs Kruglov ordered all special camps, including Buchenwald, to be handed over to the East German Ministry of Internal Affairs.^[3] There is an account of the Soviet NKVD camp, by former inmate Maria Linke. Born in tsarist-era Russia, daughter of a German foundry manager, she was taken into custody due to her fluent Russian.^[9]

References

1. ^"WWII: Behind Closed Doors", Episode 6 of 6. BBC. Broadcast on BBC 2, on Monday 15 December 2008.
2. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/17/world/ex-death-camp-tells-story-of-nazi-and-soviet-horrors.html | work=The New York Times | title=Ex-Death Camp Tells Story Of Nazi and Soviet Horrors | first=Desmond | last=Butler | date=2001-12-17 | accessdate=2010-04-27}}
3. ^¹Kai Cornelius, Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen, BWV Verlag, 2004, p. 131, {{ISBN|3-8305-1165-5}}.
4. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/24/world/germans-find-mass-graves-at-an-ex-soviet-camp.html | work=The New York Times | title=Germans Find Mass Graves at an Ex-Soviet Camp | first=Stephen | last=Kinzer | date=1992-09-24 | accessdate=2010-04-27}}
5. ^¹Petra Weber, Justiz und Diktatur: Justizverwaltung und politische Strafjustiz in Thüringen 1945–1961: Veröffentlichungen zur SBZ-/DDR -Forschung im Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2000, p. 99, {{ISBN|3-486-56463-3}}.
6. ^Cornelius, p. 128.
7. ^Cornelius, pp. 126, 133–134
8. ^¹Weber, p. 100. Of the Buchenwald inmates, none had faced a Soviet military tribunal; those were concentrated in Sachsenhausen and Bautzen.
9. ^Hunt, Ruth with Linke, Maria East Wind 1977 {{ISBN|0-85648-080-0}}