| 词条 | No. 136 Squadron RAF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|unit_name= No. 136 Squadron RAF |image= |caption= Official squadron crest of no. 136 squadron RAF |dates= 1 Apr 1918 - 4 Jul 1918 20 Aug 1941 – 8 May 1946 |country= {{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom |allegiance= |branch= Royal Air Force |type= |role= |size= |command_structure= RAF Third Tactical Air Force, South East Asia Command |current_commander= |garrison= |garrison_label= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname= The Woodpeckers |patron= |motto= {{lang-la|Nihil Fortius}} ("Nothing is stronger")[1] "Nothing too tough" (squadron use)[2] |colors= |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles= Arakan Campaign 1942–1943, Burma Campaign, Battle of Imphal |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= |commander1= |commander1_label= |commander2= |commander2_label= |commander3= |commander3_label= |notable_commanders= |identification_symbol= Upon the side of a stem of tree erect, a green woodpecker.[3] The woodpecker was chosen as the squadrons original call-sign was "Woodpecker"[1] |identification_symbol_label= Squadron Badge heraldry |identification_symbol_2= HM (Dec 1943 - May 1946)[4][5] |identification_symbol_2_label= Squadron Codes }} No. 136 Squadron RAF was a short-lived RAF unit that saw no action in World War I, but upon reformation became the highest scoring unit in South East Asia Command during World War II.[6] Shortly after the war the squadron was disbanded. HistoryFormation in World War INo. 136 squadron was officially formed on 1 April 1918 at Lake Down, as a service unit -not a training unit[7]-, working up for the Airco DH.9, using a variety of aircraft.[8] Following Air Ministry letter C4519 of 4 July of that year however it was disbanded, together with 12 other such units. Plans to reinstate the squadron in September as laid out in Air Organisation Memorandum 939 of 13 July 1918 came to nought as Air Organisation Memorandum 999 of 17 August 1918 cancelled these.[8] World War IIReformationThe squadron was reformed at RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lincolnshire on 20 August 1941 as a fighter squadron, flying Hawker Hurricanes and became operational on 28 September, doing shipping patrols and scrambles. This lasted only one month as the squadron was scheduled to move to the Middle East on 9 November to support Russian forces in the Caucasus and so protecting the vital Middle East oil fields.[9] On the road to...En route however the destination was changed to the Far East, following the news of Pearl Harbor and the sinking of {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|6}} and {{HMS|Repulse|1916|6}}.[10] On arrival in India the squadron was redirected to Burma, arriving there at Rangoon in early February 1942. However, because of the fast advance of the Japanese forces it was necessary to withdraw the squadron back to India again, 26 February to Dum Dum and a day later Asansol, and before the squadron had chances to become really operational. Attacks by the Japanese forces and accidents had the squadron with only six flyable Hurricanes left by this time.[11] India and BurmaRegrouped as an operational squadron on 31 March 1942 around Alipore, still on Hurricanes, the squadron provided convoy patrols and air defence of the Calcutta area, but in December it began operating detachments over the Burmese front and by the end of the month it moved to Chittagong to continue these operations from there. Returning to India at RAF Amarda Road in November 1943 for a training course,[12] the squadron meanwhile had converted to Spitfire Mk.Vs in October and returned to the Burmese front with them in December 1943. Ceylon and the Cocos IslandsIn January 1944 the Spitfire Mk.Vs went to another unit{{#tag:ref|Rawlings claims the Spitfire Mk.Vs went to No. 132 Squadron RAF, but given the fact that it was stationed in the UK at that time this seems unlikely.|group=nb}} and were replaced with Spitfire Mk.VIIIs. In July the squadron moved to Ceylon, flying from Ratmalana and later from Minneriya. At the end of March 1945, the Squadron ground echelon had left for the Cocos Islands and the squadron's aircraft began flying upon completion of the airstrip there a month later.[13] MalayaAfter the Japanese surrender the squadron re-located to RAF Tengah, Singapore in October and from there went on to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in November 1945, where they received Spitfire Mk.XIVs and where it remained until 8 May 1946, when the squadron embarked for India. Arriving in Bombay, the squadron was disbanded on 8 May 1946 by being renumbered to No. 152 Squadron RAF.[14] Aircraft operated
Squadron bases
Commanding officers
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 Rawlings 1978, p. 275. 2. ^Jacobs 1994, pp. vii, 2, 216, 219. 3. ^1 Halley 1988, pp. 209-210. 4. ^Bowyer and Rawlings 1979, p. 50. 5. ^Flintham and Thomas 2003, p. 78. 6. ^Jacobs 1994, p. 214 and inner front flap text. 7. ^Sturtivant and Hamlin 2007, p.7. 8. ^1 2 Jefford 2001, pp. 107-108. 9. ^Jacobs 1994, p. 12. 10. ^Jacobs 1994, p. 14. 11. ^Jacobs 1994, p. 50. 12. ^Jacobs 1994, p. 156. 13. ^1 2 Rawlings 1978, pp. 275-276. 14. ^Jefford 2001, p. 63. 15. ^Jefford 2001, pp. 63 and 270-271. Citations{{reflist|2}}Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category|No. 136 Squadron RAF}}
6 : Royal Flying Corps squadrons|Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons|Military units and formations established in 1918|Military units and formations of the Royal Air Force in World War II|1918 establishments in the United Kingdom|Military units and formations in British Malaya in World War II |
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