| 词条 | Norfolk pigeon |
| 释义 |
| name = Norfolk pigeon | image = Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea.png | image_caption = Illustration by Keulemans, 1907 | status = EX | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = | genus = Hemiphaga | species = novaeseelandiae | species_link = New Zealand pigeon | subspecies = spadicea | authority = Latham, 1801 }} The Norfolk pigeon or Norfolk Island pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea), sometimes called a wood quest, was a subspecies of the New Zealand pigeon that inhabited Norfolk Island. It became extinct around the turn of the 20th century. EcologyThe abundance of the Norfolk pigeon at the time of the island's settlement is unknown. Early records indicate the presence of the bird, but do not contain any information on its numbers. Based on the behaviour of the other subspecies, it is likely that the bird relied upon fruiting plants for food.[1] ExtinctionThe extinction of the Norfolk pigeon was caused by a combination of the introduction of cats and weasels, habitat destruction by human settlers, and direct hunting by humans. Prior to European settlement, the bird had been hunted by Polynesian settlers of the island. When Europeans reached the island, however, the birds remained and the Polynesians did not.[2] The Europeans took up the bird as a food source. An officer of the penal colony there, Ensign Abel Dottin William Best, recorded the species as still quite common in 1838, with his journals mentioning his successful hunting of 72 birds, including 25 on September 18, 1838.[3] The last sighting occurred in 1901.[4] Direct hunting by humans was probably the dominant cause of extinction.[1] SpecimensThe first description of the species was given by John Latham, in his 1801 work Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici.[5] Twenty specimens of the Norfolk Pigeon are known. Three of these are in the Natural History Museum, Leiden.[6] MemorialsThe Government of Norfolk Island released a stamp commemorating the bird on February 24, 1971.[7] References1. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/nz-pigeon.pdf | work = The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000 | author1 = Stephen T. Garnett | author2 = Gabriel M. Crowley | lastauthoramp = yes | publisher = Environment Australia | date = 2000 | accessdate = 2008-12-08 | title = New Zealand Pigeon (Norfolk Island) | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110521012227/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/nz-pigeon.pdf | archivedate = 2011-05-21 | df = }} 2. ^{{cite journal | title = Avifauna from the Emily Bay Settlement Site, Norfolk Island:A Preliminary Account | journal = Records of the Australian Museum | volume = 27 | url = http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1343_complete.pdf | date = 2001 | accessdate = 2008-12-10 | pages = 85–100 |author1=Richard N. Holdaway |author2=Atholl Anderson |lastauthoramp=yes | doi=10.3853/j.0812-7387.27.2001.1343}} 3. ^{{cite journal | title = Ensign Best's bird observations on Norfolk Island | pages = 319–322 | journal = Notornis | publisher = Ornithological Society of New Zealand | volume = 32 | date = December 1985 | url = http://www.notornis.org.nz/free_issues/Notornis_32-1985/Notornis_32_4.pdf | accessdate = 2008-12-10 | author = James L. Moore | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081017211931/http://www.notornis.org.nz/free_issues/Notornis_32-1985/Notornis_32_4.pdf | archivedate = 2008-10-17 | df = }} 4. ^{{cite book | title = The Encyclopedia of Vanished Species | last = Day | first = David | date = 1989 | publisher = Mclaren Publishing Limited | place = Hong Kong | isbn = 0-947889-30-2}} 5. ^{{cite book | page = 53 | title = Zoological Catalogue of Australia | author = R. Schodde, Australia Bureau of Flora and Fauna, I. J. Mason, Australian Biological Resources Study, W. W. K. Houston, A. Well | publisher = CSIRO Publishing | date = 1997 | isbn = 0-643-06037-5}} 6. ^{{cite web | url = http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=41 | title = Naturalis - Extinct bird: Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (Norfolk Island Pigeon) | publisher = Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum | accessdate = 2008-12-08 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110608005812/http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=41 | archivedate = 2011-06-08 | df = }} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.captaincooksociety.com/ccsu33part3.pdf | title = Bird Stamps Related To Captain James Cook | date = 2005 | publisher= Captain Cook Society | accessdate = 2008-12-10}} External links
4 : Extinct birds of Australia|Birds of Norfolk Island|Treroninae|Birds described in 1801 |
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