| 释义 |
- Terminology
- Marginal seas Atlantic Ocean Americas Europe, Africa, and Asia Northern islands Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Americas Asia and Oceania
- Defined by currents
- Not included
- See also
- Notes
- References
- External links
{{short description|Large divisions of the World Ocean, including areas of water variously, gulfs, bights, bays, and straits.}}{{redirect|Seas}}This is a list of seas – large divisions of the World Ocean, including areas of water variously, gulfs, bights, bays, and straits. {{expand list|date=July 2016}}Terminology- Ocean – the four to seven largest named bodies of water in the World Ocean, all of which have "Ocean" in the name. See Borders of the oceans for details.
- Sea has several definitions:{{efn|There is no accepted technical definition of sea among oceanographers. A rather weak definition is that a sea is a subdivision of an ocean, which means that it must have oceanic basin crust on its floor. This definition, for example, accepts the Caspian Sea, which was once part of an ancient ocean, as a sea.[1] The Introduction to Marine Biology defines a sea as a "landlocked" body of water, adding that the term "sea" is only one of convenience, but the book is written by marine biologists, not oceanographers.[2] The Glossary of Mapping Sciences similarly states that the boundaries between seas and other bodies of water are arbitrary.[3]}}
- A marginal sea - a marginal sea is a division of an ocean, partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas, adjacent to or widely open to the open ocean at the surface, and/or bounded by submarine ridges on the sea floor.[4]
- A division of an ocean, delineated by landforms,[5] currents (e.g. Sargasso Sea), or specific latitude or longitude boundaries. This includes but is not limited to marginal seas, and this is the definition used for inclusion in this list.
- The World Ocean. For example, the Law of the Sea states that all of the World Ocean is "sea",[6][7][8]{{efn|According to this definition, the Caspian would be excluded as it is legally an "international lake".[9]}} and this is also common usage for "the sea".
- Any large body of water with "Sea" in the name, including lakes.
- Strait - a narrow area of water connecting two wider areas of water
There are several terms used for bulges of ocean that result from indentations of land, which overlap in definition, and which are not consistently differentiated:[10] - Bay – generic term; though most features with "Bay" in the name are small, some are very large
- Gulf – a very large bay, often a top-level division of an ocean or sea
- Fjord – a long bay with steep sides, typically formed by a glacier
- Bight – a bay that is typically shallower than a sound
- Sound – a large, wide bay which is typically deeper than a bight, or a strait
- Cove – a very small, typically sheltered bay
Many features could be considered to be more than one of these, and all of these terms are used in place names inconsistently; especially bays, gulfs, and bights, which can be very large or very small. This list includes large areas of water no matter the term used in the name. Marginal seasSources differ over which seas are considered marginal seas as well as which ocean a given sea is considered a marginal part of. There is no single ultimate authority on the matter. Atlantic OceanSometimes the Arctic Ocean itself is considered a marginal sea of the Atlantic,[11][12] in addition to the below. Americas(coast-wise north to south) - Davis Strait
- Labrador Sea
- Gulf of St. Lawrence
- Gulf of Maine
- Bay of Fundy
- Massachusetts Bay
- Cape Cod Bay
- Nantucket Sound
- Vineyard Sound
- Buzzards Bay
- Narragansett Bay
- Rhode Island Sound
- Block Island Sound
- Fishers Island Sound
- Long Island Sound
- Shelter Island Sound
- Noyack Bay
- Peconic Bay
- Gardiners Bay
- Tobaccolot Bay
- Sag Harbor Bay
- Three Mile Harbor
- Long Beach Bay
- Dering Harbor
- Pipes Cove
- Southold Bay
- Flanders Bay
- Napeague Bay
- Fort Pond Bay
- North Sea Harbor
- New York Bay
- Upper New York Bay
- Lower New York Bay
- Jamaica Bay
- Raritan Bay
- Sandy Hook Bay
- Delaware Bay
- Chesapeake Bay
- Albemarle Sound
- Pamlico Sound
- Gulf of Mexico
- Florida Bay
- Tampa Bay
- Pensacola Bay
- Mobile Bay
- Vermillion Bay
- Bay of Campeche
- Caribbean Sea
- Gulf of Gonâve (Haiti)
- Gulf of Honduras
- Golfo de los Mosquitos
- Gulf of Venezuela
- Gulf of Paria
- Gulf of Darién
- Argentine Sea
Europe, Africa, and Asia- Norwegian Sea
- North Sea
- Baltic Sea
- Archipelago Sea
- Bothnian Sea
- Central Baltic Sea
- Gulf of Riga
- Oresund Strait
- Sea of Åland
- English Channel
- Irish Sea
- Celtic Sea
- Bay of Biscay
- Mediterranean Sea
- Adriatic Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Argolic Gulf
- Myrtoan Sea
- North Euboean Gulf
- Saronic Gulf
- Sea of Crete
- South Euboean Gulf
- Icarian Sea
- Thermaic Gulf
- Thracian Sea
- Alboran Sea
- Balearic (Catalan) Sea
- Gulf of Lion
- Gulf of Sidra
- Ionian Sea
- Gulf of Corinth
- Levantine Sea
- Cilician Sea
- Libyan Sea
- Ligurian Sea
- Gulf of Genoa
- Sea of Sardinia
- Sea of Sicily
- Inland Sea, Gozo
- Tyrrhenian Sea
- Sea of Marmara[13]
- Black Sea[13]
- Sea of Azov[13]
- Gulf of Guinea
Northern islands(east to west) - Irminger Sea
- Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland)
- Irish Sea (between Ireland and Great Britain)
- Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland
- Sea of the Hebrides (Great Britain)
Arctic Ocean (clockwise from 180°) - Chukchi Sea
- East Siberian Sea
- Laptev Sea
- Kara Sea
- Barents Sea (connected to Kara Sea by Kara Strait)
- Queen Victoria Sea
- Wandel Sea
- Greenland Sea
- Lincoln Sea (recognized by IHO but not IMO)
- Baffin Bay
- The Northwest Passages
- Prince Gustav Adolf Sea
- Amundsen Gulf
- (more to be listed)
- Hudson Strait
- Hudson Bay
- Beaufort Sea
Southern Ocean- Amundsen Sea
- Bass Strait
- Bellingshausen Sea
- Cooperation Sea{{efn|name=proposed|Proposed names to the IHO 2002 draft. This draft was never approved by the IHO (or any other organization), and the 1953 IHO document (which does not contain these names which mostly originated from 1962 onward) remains currently in force.[14] Leading geographic authorities and atlases do not use these names, including the 2014 10th edition World Atlas from the National Geographic Society and the 2014 12th edition of the Times Atlas of the World. But Soviet and Russian-issued state maps do include them.[15][16]}}
- Cosmonauts Sea{{efn|name=proposed}}
- Davis Sea
- D'Urville Sea
- Drake Passage
- Great Australian Bight
- Gulf St Vincent
- Investigator Strait
- King Haakon VII Sea{{efn|name=proposed}}
- Lazarev Sea{{efn|name=proposed}}
- Mawson Sea{{efn|name=proposed}}
- Riiser-Larsen Sea
- Ross Sea
- Scotia Sea
- Somov Sea{{efn|name=proposed}}
- Spencer Gulf
- Weddell Sea
Indian Ocean- Andaman Sea
- Gulf of Martaban – An arm of the Andaman Sea in the southern part of Burma
- Arabian Sea
- Bay of Bengal
- Gulf of Aden
- Gulf of Oman
- Laccadive Sea
- Mozambique Channel
- Persian Gulf
- Red Sea
- Timor Sea
- Palk Strait
Pacific Ocean Americas - Bering Sea
- Chilean Sea
- Sea of Chiloé
- Gulf of Alaska
- Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortés)
- Mar de Grau
- Salish Sea
Asia and Oceania - Arafura Sea
- Bali Sea
- Banda Sea
- Bismarck Sea
- Bohai Sea
- Bohol Sea (also known as the Mindanao Sea)
- Camotes Sea
- Celebes Sea
- Ceram Sea
- Coral Sea
- East China Sea
- Flores Sea
- Gulf of Carpentaria
- Gulf of Thailand
- Halmahera Sea
- Java Sea
- Koro Sea
- Molucca Sea
- Philippine Sea
- Savu Sea
- Sea of Japan (also known as East Sea)
- Sea of Okhotsk
- Seto Inland Sea
- Sibuyan Sea
- Solomon Sea
- South China Sea
- Sulu Sea
- Tasman Sea
- Visayan Sea
- Yellow Sea
Defined by currents- Sargasso Sea – North Atlantic Gyre
Not includedEntities called "seas" which are not divisions of the Earth's the World Ocean are not included in this list. Excluded are: - Salt lakes with "Sea" in the name: Aral Sea, Caspian Sea, Dead Sea, Salton Sea
- Freshwater lakes with "Sea" in the name: Sea of Galilee
- Extraterrestrial oceans: List of largest lakes and seas in the Solar System
- Gulfs, bays, and straits of lakes
Other items not included: - Small fjords too numerous to list: Category: Fjords
- Small bays too numerous to list: Category: Bays
- Small sounds too numerous to list: Sound (geography)
- Small straits too numerous to list: List of straits
- Ocean gyres
- Ocean banks
See also{{portal|Geography|Oceans|Lists}}- Inland sea (geology)
- Oceanography
- Mediterranean sea (oceanography)
Notes1. ^{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tLcin2NyJQgC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237 | title = The Italian Yearbook of International Law 2004 | isbn = 9789004150270 | author1 = Conforti | first1 = B | last2 = Bravo | first2 = Luigi Ferrari | date = 2005-12-30}}
2. ^{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0JkKOFIj5pgC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47 | title = Introduction to Marine Biology | isbn = 9780495561972 | author1 = Karleskint | first1 = George | last2 = Turner | first2 = Richard L | last3 = Small | first3 = James W | date = 2009-01-02}}
3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPVxSDzVRP0C&pg=PA365&lpg=PA365 |title=The Glossary of the Mapping Sciences – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-04-19|isbn=9780784475706|year=1994}}
4. ^{{cite book|author=American Congress on Surveying and Mapping|title=Glossary of the mapping sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPVxSDzVRP0C&pg=PA469|accessdate=9 December 2010|year=1994|publisher=ASCE Publications|isbn=978-0-7844-0050-0|page=469}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanorsea.html |title=What's the difference between an ocean and a sea? |publisher=Oceanservice.noaa.gov |date=11 January 2013 |accessdate=19 April 2013}}
6. ^{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sbqBvQy04XwC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q&f=true | title = The Law of the Sea: Selected Writings | isbn = 9789004138636 | author1 = Vukas | first1 = B | year = 2004}}
7. ^{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5zpbN8I2ZR4C&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=true | title = Indian Ocean Region: Maritime Regimes for Regional Cooperation | isbn = 9781441959898 | author1 = Gupta | first1 = Manoj | year = 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/od/waterandice/a/sevenseas.htm |title=Seven Seas - Discover The Seven Seas of the Earth |publisher=Geography.about.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-19}}
9. ^{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uxmInSrE9vQC&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q&f=true | title = The Politics of Caspian Oil | isbn = 9780333739730 | author1 = Gokay | first1 = Bulent | date = 2001-04-07}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/gulf-coastal-feature|title=gulf – coastal feature|publisher=}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=James C. F. Wang|title=Handbook on ocean politics & law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrEOofrVra4C&pg=PA14|accessdate=9 December 2010|year=1992|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313264344|pages=14–}}
12. ^{{cite book|last=Longhurt|first=Alan R.|title=Ecological Geography of the Sea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdJZezzrCfQC&pg=PA104|accessdate= 2010|year=2007|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-455521-1|page=104}}
13. ^1 2 often treated as part of Mediterranean Sea
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd (currently in-force) edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|accessdate=5 June 2015}}
15. ^
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://gturs.com/Maps/pic/ant_fiz.jpg |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-06-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910060624/http://gturs.com/Maps/pic/ant_fiz.jpg |archivedate=2015-09-10 |df= }}
References{{reflist|33em}}External links- {{wiktionary-inline|marginal sea}}
{{Lists of bodies of water}}{{List of seas}}{{physical oceanography|expanded=other}} 5 : Seas|Lists of bodies of water|Marginal seas|Geographic taxonomies|Oceanography |