| 词条 | Northern tall grasslands |
| 释义 |
| name = Northern tall grasslands | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | country = United States | country1 = Canada | state = Minnesota | state1 = North Dakota | state2 = Manitoba |region_type = States/Provinces | border = Canadian aspen forests and parklands | border1 = Mid-Continental Canadian forests | border2 = Western Great Lakes forests | border3 = Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition | border4 = Central tall grasslands | bird_species = 212[1] | mammal_species = 63[1] | habitat_loss = 88.245 | habitat_loss_ref = [1] | protected = 4.21 | protected_ref = [1] | area = 76000 | biome = Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | map = Northern tall grasslands map.svg | map_size = 248 | map_alt = | map_caption = }} The Northern tall grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion largely follows the Red River Valley in the Canadian province of Manitoba and the American states of North Dakota and Minnesota.[2] ClimateThe Northern tall grasslands have a humid continental climate with moderate precipitation, usually between 450-700mm. Winters here are very cold, with a mean winter temperature of {{convert|-12.5|C|sigfig=2}}, and summers are warm, with a mean temperature of {{convert|16|C|sigfig=2}}. The ecoregion's mean annual temperature is {{convert|2.5|C|sigfig=2}}.[2] FloraDominant grasses include big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans). In wetter areas, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) can be found.[2] FaunaLike other North American prairie ecoregions, the Northern tall grasslands once supported large herds of bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus canadensis), which were hunted by the gray wolf (Canis lupus) and coyote (Canis latrans). All of these save for the coyote have been largely eliminated from the region, though the bison and wolf are recovering. Other, more common species in the ecoregion include white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), rabbit (Sylvilagus spp.), ground squirrel (Spermophilus spp.) and large populations of waterfowl. See alsoReferences1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1 = Hoekstra |first1 = J. M. |last2 = Molnar |first2 = J. L. |last3 = Jennings |first3 = M. |last4 = Revenga |first4 = C. |last5 = Spalding |first5 = M. D. |last6 = Boucher |first6 = T. M. |last7 = Robertson |first7 = J. C. |last8 = Heibel |first8 = T. J. |last9 = Ellison |first9 = K. |title = The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference |publisher = University of California Press |editor1-last = Molnar |editor1-first = J. L. |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-0-520-26256-0 |url=http://www.nature.org/ourscience/sciencefeatures/conservation-atlas-1.xml }} 2. ^1 2 {{WWF ecoregion|id=na0812|name=Northern tall grasslands|accessdate=2010-08-20}} 15 : Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands in the United States|Ecoregions of Canada|Ecoregions of the United States|Grasslands of the North American Great Plains|Flora of the Plains-Midwest (United States)|Flora of the Great Plains (North America)|Flora of the Canadian Prairies|Flora of Manitoba|Flora of North Dakota|Plant communities of Minnesota|Nearctic ecozone|Grasslands of Minnesota|Grasslands of North Dakota|Grasslands of South Dakota |
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