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词条 Northwestern Elevated Railroad
释义

  1. History

     Beginnings  Expansion  Consolidation 

  2. Station listing

  3. Footnotes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox rail line
|name = Northwestern Elevated Railroad
|image = Argyle Station 19160116.jpg
|caption = A wooden 'L' train at {{cta|Argyle}} on the newly elevated tracks in 1916
|type = Rapid transit
|system =
|status =
|locale = Chicago, Illinois
|start =
|end =
|stations =
|routes =
|daily_ridership =
|open = May 31, 1900[1]
|close = 1924 (merged into Chicago Rapid Transit Company)
|owner =
|operator = Northwestern Elevated Railroad Company (1893–1924)
|character = Elevated
|stock =
|linelength =
|tracklength =
|tracks =
|gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}
|electrification = Third rail, Trolley wire 600 V DC
|speed =
|elevation =
|map = {{Northwestern Elevated Railroad}}
}}

The Northwestern Elevated Railroad was the last of the privately constructed rapid transit lines to be built in Chicago. The line ran from the Loop in downtown Chicago north to Wilson Avenue in Chicago's Uptown neighborhood with a branch to Ravenswood and Albany Park that left the main line at Clark Street. The Ravenswood line is now operated as the Brown Line, while the Main Line is used by the Purple and Red Lines.

History

Beginnings

The Northwestern Elevated Railroad Company was incorporated on October 30, 1893,[1][2] and on January 8, 1894 was granted a 50-year franchise by the City of Chicago.[3] The original franchise stipulated that service between a downtown location to the south of the Chicago River and Wilson Avenue was to begin by December 31, 1897.[2][4] This franchise was altered in 1895 to allow the line to connect to the new Union Loop,[5] and the deadline for completion was later extended to May 31, 1899.[6]

Construction of the line started in February 1896[7] but the project experienced financial difficulties and work was paused later in the year and stopped completely in 1897.[8] New financing was found, and construction began again in July 1899.[9] In order to meet the franchise requirements an inaugural train ran north from the Loop on December 31, 1899. However, on January 1, 1900, city officials declared that the railroad was unsafe and that the franchise had expired.[10] Defiantly, the company ran another train the next day. Police stopped the train and arrested the crew, but company officials took the controls and managed to run the train into the Loop. In order to stop its return, police opened the Wells Street bridge and blocked the track with railroad ties, but the officials managed to evade the police by having the train switched on to the Lake Street Elevated Railroad.[11] Eventually the company reached a new agreement with the city, and the first {{convert|6.41|mi|km|adj=on}} section of the railroad was officially opened on May 31, 1900.[12]

Expansion

On May 18, 1907 the Northwestern opened a branch to Ravenswood. The new branch left the main line just south of Clark Street and operated to Western Avenue.[15] An at-grade extension to the branch's final terminal at {{cta|Kimball}} occurred a few months later.

Service was extended {{convert|7|mi|km}} north from the Wilson terminal to Central Street in suburban Evanston on May 16, 1908.[18][16][17] This route was over the electrified trackage of the Milwaukee Road's Chicago and Evanston line. Initially the elevated tracks at Wilson were linked to the street level tracks of the Milwaukee Road by a wooden trestle incline.[17] The Milwaukee Road depots at Argyle Park, Edgewater, North Edgewater, Rogers Park, Birchwood, Calvary, {{cta|Main}}, {{cta|Dempster|Purple}}, {{cta|Davis}}, {{cta|Noyes}} and Central were demolished and the tracks spread to allow their replacement with new temporary island platform stations. New stations were also added at Hayes Street and Howard Avenue.[18] The section of the line in southern Evanston between Howard Avenue and University Place was elevated onto an embankment by 1910, and the tracks between Lawrence and Howard were elevated between 1914 and 1922.

A short extension from Central to Linden Avenue in Wilmette occurred on April 2, 1912.[19]

Consolidation

In 1913 Chicago's four elevated railroad companies came together to form the Chicago Elevated Railways Collateral Trust establishing crosstown services for the first time, and in 1924 all four companies were formally united to form the Chicago Rapid Transit Company.[21] The Chicago Transit Authority took over the assets of the CRT in 1947.

Station listing

Northwestern Elevated Railroad stations
StationLocationOpenedClosed
Linden Wilmette1912|April|2}}[22]—
IsabellaEvanston1912|April|2}}1973|July|16}}
CentralEvanston1908|May|16}}[23][24]—
NoyesEvanston1908|May|16}}[23][24]—
FosterEvanston1909|January|6}}—
DavisEvanston1908|May|16}}[23][24]—
DempsterEvanston1908|May|16}}[23][24]—
MainEvanston1908|May|16}}[23][24]—
CalvaryEvanston1908|May|16}}1931|June|30}}
Howard Rogers Park1908|August|23}}—
Jarvis Rogers Park1908|May|16}}[25]—
Rogers Park Rogers Park1908|May|16}}[25]—
Loyola Rogers Park1908|May|16}}[25]—
Granville Edgewater1908|May|16}}[25]—
Thorndale Edgewater1915|February|14}}[26]—
Bryn Mawr Edgewater1908|May|16}}[25]—
Edgewater Beach Edgewater1916}}–17—
ArgyleLittle Vietnam1908|May|16}}[25]—
LawrenceUptown1923|February|27}}—
WilsonUptown1900|May|31}}[27]—
BuenaBuena Park1900|May|31}}1949|July|31}}[45]
SheridanLakeview1900|May|31}}[27]—
GraceWrigleyville1900|June|7}}[47]1949|July|31}}[45]
AddisonWrigleyville1900|June|9}}[28]—
ClarkLakeview1900|June|9}}[28]1949|July|31}}[45]
BelmontLakeview1900|May|31}}[27]—
WellingtonLakeview1900|May|31}}—
DiverseyLincoln Park1900|June|9}}[28]—
WrightwoodLincoln Park1900|May|31}}[27]1949|July|31}}[45]
FullertonLincoln Park1900|May|31}}[27]—
WebsterLincoln Park1900|June|9}}[28]1949|July|31}}[45]
CenterLincoln Park1900|June|9}}[28]—
WillowLincoln Park1905}}1942|May|17}}
HalstedLincoln Park1900|May|31}}[27]1949|July|31}}[45]
LarrabeeCabrini–Green1900|June|6}}[28]1949|July|31}}[45]
SedgwickOld Town1900|May|31}}[27]—
SchillerOld Town1900|May|31}}[27]1949|July|31}}[45]
Division Old Town1900|May|31}}[27]1949|July|31}}[45]
OakNear North Side1906}}1949|July|31}}[45]
ChicagoNear North Side1900|May|31}}[27]—
GrandNear North Side1921}}1970|September|20}}
KinzieNear North Side1900|May|31}}[27]1921}}
North Water TerminalNear North Side1908|November|17}}[29]1949|July|31}}[30]
KimballAlbany Park1907|December|14}}—
KedzieAlbany Park1907|December|14}}—
FranciscoAlbany Park1907|December|14}}—
RockwellLincoln Square1907|December|14}}—
WesternLincoln Square1907|May|18}}[15]—
RobeyRavenswood1907|May|18}}[15]—
RavenswoodRavenswood1907|May|18}}[15]1949|July|31}}[30]
MontroseRavenswood1907|May|18}}[15]—
Irving ParkNorth Center1907|May|18}}[15]—
AddisonNorth Center1907|May|18}}[15]—
PaulinaRoscoe Village1907|May|18}}[15]—
SouthportLakeview1907|May|18}}[15]—

Footnotes

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book |title=The Chicago "L" |last=Borzo |first=Greg |year=2007 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-7385-5100-5 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Municipal Franchises: A Description of the Terms and Conditions upon which Private Corporations Enjoy Special Privileges in the Streets of American Cities |last=Wilcox |first=Delos F. |year=1911 |publisher=The Engineering News Publishing Company |location=New York }}
  • {{cite book |title=The "L" The Development of Chicago's Rapid Transit System, 1888-1932 |last=Moffat |first=Bruce |year=1995 |publisher=Central Electric Railfans' Association |location=Chicago |chapter=Chapter 12: Perseverance in the Face of Adversity |pages=187–205 |isbn=0-915348-30-6 }}
  • {{cite book |title=The "L" The Development of Chicago's Rapid Transit System, 1888-1932 |last=Moffat |first=Bruce |year=1995 |publisher=Central Electric Railfans' Association |location=Chicago |chapter=Chapter 13: The Evanston "L" |pages=206–225 |isbn=0-915348-30-6 }}
{{refend}}

References

1. ^{{cite news |title=Another "L" Road Incorporated |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=October 31, 1893 |page=9}}
2. ^1 Borzo, The Chicago "L", p. 61.
3. ^{{cite book |title=Poor's Manual of the Railroads of the United States (Volume 33) |last=Poor |first=H.V. |author2=Poor, H.W. |year=1900 |page=880 }}
4. ^Wilcox, Municipal Franchises, p. 479.
5. ^Wilcox, Municipal Franchises, p. 480.
6. ^{{cite news |title=Yerkes Wants Time |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=November 23, 1897 |page=1}}
7. ^{{cite news |title=New North Side "L" |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=March 8, 1896 |page=25}}
8. ^Borzo, The Chicago "L", p. 62.
9. ^{{cite news |title=Rushing North Side "L" |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=July 28, 1899 |page=1}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=City Stops Work On "L" |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=January 2, 1900 |page=1}}
11. ^{{cite news |title="L" Crisis Comes Today |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=January 3, 1900 |page=5}}
12. ^1 {{cite news |title=New "L" Road is Opened |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=June 1, 1900 |page=2}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=New "L" Route to Ravenswood|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=May 15, 1904|page=57}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Aldermen Vote Extension of "L"|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=July 12, 1904|page=1}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news |title=New 'L' Line Operated |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=May 19, 1907 |page=11}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Loop Trains to Evanston Will Start Saturday|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=May 12, 1908|page=1}}
17. ^1 {{cite journal|title=The Northwestern Elevated Extension at Evanston, ILL|journal=The Street Railway Journal|date=May 23, 1908|volume=31|issue=21|pages=842–849}}
18. ^{{cite journal|title=Electrification of the Evanston Suburban Line of the Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul|journal=The Railway Age|date=October 4, 1907|volume=44|issue=14|page=467}}
19. ^{{cite news |title=Night Raid Puts "L" in Wilmette |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=April 3, 1912 |page=9}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Death Spurs on Raised Track War|date=October 12, 1909|page=3}}
21. ^{{cite web |last=Garfield |first=Graham |url=http://chicago-l.org/history/unification.html |title=Unification |accessdate=2007-12-28 |work=Chicago "L".org }}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Night Raid Puts "L" in Wilmette|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=April 3, 1912|page=9}}
23. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=Evanston "L" Trains Running|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=May 17, 1908|page=20}}
24. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=Loop Trains to Evanston Will Start on Saturday|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=May 12, 1908|page=1}}
25. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=Evanston "L" Line to Open Today|newspaper=The Evanston Index|date=May 16, 1908|location=Evanston, Illinois|page=1}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=New "L" Station Opened|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=February 15, 1915|page=15}}
27. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite news |title=Room for All to Ride |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=May 30, 1900 |page=12}}
28. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |title=Boys Meddle with "L" Track |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=June 7, 1900 |page=12}}
29. ^{{cite book|last=Moffat|first=Bruce|title=The "L" |publisher=Central Electric Railfans' Association|location=Chicago, Il|year=1995|pages=225|chapter=Chapter 13 - The Evanston "L"|isbn=0-915348-30-6}}
30. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite news |title=Close 24 Elevated Stations; Skip-Stop Will Start Monday |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=July 31, 1949 |page=1}}

External links

  • Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. IL-2, "Northwestern Elevated Railroad, Interlocking Tower, Wilson Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, IL"
{{Chicago L}}

4 : Railroads in the Chicago Switching District|History of Chicago|Rapid transit in Illinois|Defunct Illinois railroads
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