| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
{{SLBY|1544}}Africa- Kingdom of Baguirmi – Lubatko (1536–1548)
- Ethiopian Empire – Gelawdewos (1540–1559)
- Kingdom of Kongo – Peter I, Manikongo (1543–1545)
- Sennar Sultanate – Nayil (1533/4 - 1550/1)
- Songhai Empire – Askia Ishaq I, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1539–1549)
Asia- Aceh Sultanate, Alauddin al-Kahar (1539–1571)
- Ahom Kingdom – Suklenmung (1539–1552)
- China (Ming dynasty) - Jiajing Emperor (1521–1567)
- Jaffna Kingdom – Cankili I (1519–1561)
- Japan (Sengoku period)
- Monarch – Emperor Go-Nara (1526–1557)
- Ashikaga shogunate - Ashikaga Yoshiharu (1521–1546)
- Joseon (Korea) -
- #Jungjong (1506–1544)
- #Injong (1544–1545)
- Mughal Empire – Sher Shah Suri (1540–1545)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Sei (1527–1555)
- Safavid Empire – Tahmasp I, Shah of Iran (1524–1576)
- Sultanate of Sulu – Muizzul-Mutawadi-in (1527–1548)
- Vijayanagara Empire – Aliya Rama Raya (1542–1565)
Europe- Crimean Khanate – Sahib I Giray (1532–1551)
- Kingdom of Denmark and Norway – Christian III (1534–1559)
- Duchy of Schleswig – Adolphus (1544–1586), Christian III (1523–1559), and John II (1544–1580) in condominial rule
- Kingdom of England – Henry VIII (1509–1547)
- Kingdom of France – Francis I (1515–1547)
- Holy Roman Empire – Charles V (1519–1556)
- Republic of Genoa – Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta, Doge of Genoa (1543–1545)
- Duchy of Holstein – Adolphus (1544–1586), Christian III (1523–1559), and John II (1544–1580) in condominial rule
- Hungary -
- Royal Hungary – Ferdinand I (1526–1564)
- Eastern Hungarian Kingdom – John II Sigismund Zápolya (1540–1571)
- Moldavia – Petru Rareş, Voivode of Moldavia (1526–1538, 1540–1546)
- Kingdom of Navarre – Henry II d'Albret (1516–1555)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566)
- Papal States – Pope Paul III (1534–1549)
- Kingdom of Poland – Sigismund I the Old (1506–1548)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – John III (1521–1557)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow – Ivan IV, the Terrible, Grand Prince of Moscow (1533/1547–1547/1584)
- Duchy of Savoy – Charles III (1504–1553)
- Kingdom of Scotland – Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1567)
- Kingdom of Spain – Charles I (1516–1556)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Gustav I Vasa (1521–1560)
- Republic of Venice – Pietro Lando, Doge of Venice (1538–1545)
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