| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Middle East and North Africa
{{SLBY|1578}}Africa- Ethiopian Empire – Sarsa Dengel (1563–1597)
- Kingdom of Kongo – Álvaro I, Manikongo (1568–1587)
- Sennar Sultanate – Dakin (1568–1585/6)
- Songhai Empire – Askia Daoud, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1549–1582)
Asia- Ahmadnagar Sultanate – Murtaza Nizam Shah I (1565–1588)
- Arakkal kingdom – Ali Raja Ali, Raja of Arakkal (1545–1591)
- Khanate of Khiva – Abdullah Khan II (1577–1598)
- China (Ming dynasty) - Wanli Emperor (1573–1620)
- Đại Việt – Lê Thế Tông (1573–1599)
- Đàng Ngoài – Trịnh Tùng, Trịnh lord (1570–1623)
- Đàng Trong – Nguyễn Hoàng, Nguyễn lord (1558–1613)
- Japan (Azuchi–Momoyama period)
- Monarch – Emperor Ōgimachi (1557–1586)
- de facto - Oda Nobunaga (1536–1598)
- Joseon (Korea) – Seonjo (1567–1608)
- Mughal Empire – Akbar (1556–1605)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Ei (1573–1586)
- Philippines (Las islas Filipinas)
- Martín Enríquez de Almanza, Viceroy of New Spain (1568–1580)
- Francisco de Sande, Governor General and Captain General of the Philippines (1575–1580)
- Vijayanagara Empire – Sriranga Deva Raya (1572–1586)
Europe - Kingdom of Denmark and Norway – Frederick II (1559–1588)
- Kingdom of England – Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
- Kingdom of France – Henry III (1574–1589)
- Holy Roman Empire – Rudolf II (1576–1612)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen – Henry III (1567–1585)
- Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück – Henry II (1574–1585)
- Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn – Henry IV (1577–1585)
- Royal Hungary – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf I) (1576–1608)
- Kingdom of Navarre – Henry III (1572–1610)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Murad III (1574–1595)
- Papal States – Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Anna Jagiellon and Stephen Báthory, co-monarchs of Poland (1574–1586)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- #Sebastian (1557–1578)
- #Henry (1578–1580)
- Regent – Cardinal-Infante Henry (1578)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow – Ivan IV, the Terrible, Grand Prince of Moscow (1533–1547) then Tsar of Russia (1547–1584)
- Kingdom of Scotland – James VI (1567–1625)
- Kingdom of Spain – Philip II (1556–1598)
- Kingdom of Sweden – John III (1568–1592)
- Union of Brussels
- William the Silent, Prince of Orange, Leader of the resistance (1568–1584)
- Republic of Venice –
- #Sebastiano Venier, Doge of Venice (1577–1578)
- #Nicolò da Ponte, Doge of Venice (1578–1585)
Middle East and North Africa- Morocco (Saadi dynasty) -
- #Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I (1576–1578)
- #Ahmad al-Mansur (1578–1603)
- Safavid Empire –
- # Ismail II, Shah of Iran (1576–1578)
- # Mohammad Khodabanda, Shah of Iran (1578–1587)
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