| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Middle East and North Africa
- North America
{{SLBY|1603}}Africa- Bosha – Magela, ruled 1600–1630
- Ethiopian Empire –
- #Yaqob (1597–1603 and 1604–1606)
- #Za Dengel (1603–1604)
- Sennar (sultanate) – Abd al-Qadir II (1603/4 - 1606)
Asia- China (Ming dynasty) – Wanli Emperor (1573–1620)
- Đại Việt – Lê Kính Tông (1600–1619)
- Đàng Ngoài – Trịnh Tùng, Trịnh lord (1570–1623)
- Đàng Trong – Nguyễn Hoàng, Nguyễn lord (1558–1613)
- Japan (Sengoku period)
- Monarch – Emperor Go-Yōzei (1586–1611)
- Shōgun (Tokugawa) – Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603–1605)
- Joseon (Korea) – Seonjo (1567–1608)
- Mughal Empire – Akbar (1556–1605)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Nei (1587–1620)
Europe- Kingdom of Denmark – Christian IV (1588–1648)
- Kingdom of England –
- #Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
- #James I (1603–1625) also King of Scotland
- Kingdom of France – Henry IV (1589–1610)
- Holy Roman Empire – Rudolf II (1576–1612)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen – John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1596–1634)
- Bishopric of Lübeck – John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1586–1607)
- Moldavia – Ieremia Movilă, Voivode of Moldavia (August 1595 - May 1600 and September 1600–1606)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- # Mehmed III (1595–1603)
- # Ahmed I (1603–1617)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
- Russia - Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (1598–1605)
- Kingdom of Scotland – James VI (1567–1625) - now King of England
- Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal (1598–1621)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Charles IX, de facto (1599–1611)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585–1625)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1586–1619)
- Republic of Venice – Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (1595–1606)
Middle East and North Africa- Safavid Empire –
- #Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1587–1629)
North America- Acadia –
- #Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts, Governor of Acadia (1603–1608)
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