| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Middle East and North Africa
- North America
- Oceania
- South America
{{SLBY|1849}}Africa- Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
- Kingdom of Buganda – Suna II (1836–1856)
- Bunyoro – Olimi V, Omukama of Bunyoro (1848–1852)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Ntare IV Rugamba (1796–1852)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Ghezo (1818–1856)
- Ethiopian Empire -
- Kingdom of Jimma - Abba Jifar I (1830-1855)
- Liberia – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia (1848–1856)
- Kingdom of Rwanda – Mutara II Rwogera (1830–1853)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Ali bin Bello I (1842–1859)
- Grand Vizier - Abd al-Qadir (1842–1859)
- Unyanyembe - Ifundikila (1840-1858)
- Warsangali Sultanate – Gerad Aul (1830–1870)
- Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)
Asia- Durrani Empire – Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
- Bangli - Dewa Gede Tangkeban III (1833-1875)
- China (Qing dynasty) - Daoguang Emperor (1821–1850)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837–1853)
- Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
- Joseon (Korea) –
- #Heonjong (1834–1849)
- #Cheoljong (1849–1864)
- Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)
Europe- Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1832–1834, 1847–1852, 1857–1868)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Frederick VII (1848–1863)
- Prime Minister - Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848–1852)
- France –
- President - Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1848–1852)
- Prime Minister -
- # Odilon Barrot (1848–1849)
- # Comte d'Hautpoul (1849–1851)
- German Confederation
- Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch -
- #William II of the Netherlands (1840–1849)
- #William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Jacques Willmar (1848–1853)
- Kingdom of Prussia –
- Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840–1861)
- Minister President - Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg (1848–1850)
- Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian II (1848–1864)
- Kingdom of Saxony – Frederick Augustus (1836–1854)
- Kingdom of Hanover – Ernest Augustus (1837–1851)
- Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
- Kingdom of Greece –
- Monarch – Otto (1832–1862)
- Prime Minister -
- #Konstantinos Kanaris (1848–1849)
- #Antonios Kriezis (1849–1854)
- Kingdom of Hungary –
- Monarch – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
- Prime Minister -
- #Lajos Kossuth 26 November 1848 – 11 August 1849
- #Bertalan Szemere 11–13 August 1849
- Kingdom of the Netherlands –
- Monarch -
- #William II (1840–1849)
- #William III (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
- #Jacob de Kempenaer (1848–1849)
- #Johan Rudolph Thorbecke (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan - Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
- Grand Vizier – Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1848–1852)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Maria II (1826–1828; 1828–1834 in opposition; 1834–1853)
- President of the Council of Ministers -
- # Duke of Saldanha (1847–1849)
- # Count of Tomar (1849–1851)
- Russian Empire – Nicholas I (1825–1855)
- Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (1833–1868)
- Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar I (1844–1859)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Leopold II (1824–1859)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Lord John Russell (1846–1852)
Middle East and North Africa- Egypt Eyalet –
- # Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1849)
- # Abbas I, Governor of Egypt (1849–1854)
- Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
- Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
- Sultanate of Oman – Sa'id II ibn Sultan (1804–1856)
- Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)
North America- Canada
- #Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin, leaders, Executive Council, United Province of Canada
- Costa Rica –
- #José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica (1847–1849)
- #Miguel Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849)
- #Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
- Honduras – Juan Lindo, President of Honduras (1847–1852)
- Mexico: José Joaquín de Herrera, President of Mexico (1848–1851)
- United States:
- # James K. Polk, President of the United States (1845–1849)
- # Zachary Taylor, President of the United States (1849–1850)
Oceania- Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha III (1823–1854)
- Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)
South America- Argentine Confederation – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of Buenos Aires Province in charge of the Foreign Relations of the Argentine Confederation (1835–1851)
- Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- Prime Minister -
- # Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda (1848–1849)
- # José da Costa Carvalho, Marquis of Monte Alegre (1849–1852)
- Chile – Manuel Bulnes, President of Chile (1841–1851)
- Uruguay – as a consequence of the Guerra Grande, two governments in parallel:
- Gobierno de la Defensa (in Montevideo): Joaquín Suárez (1843–1852)
- Gobierno del Cerrito (ruling the rest of the country): Manuel Oribe (1843–1851)
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