| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Middle East and North Africa
- North America and the Caribbean
- Oceania
- South America
{{SLBY|1879}}Africa- Ashanti Confederacy – Mensa Bonsu Kumaa, Asantehene (1874–1883)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Glele (1856–1889)
- Ethiopian Empire – Yohannes IV (1871–1889)
- Liberia – Anthony W. Gardiner, President of Liberia (1878–1883)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Mu'adh bin Bello (1877–1881)
- Grand Vizier - Abdullah bin Muhammad Fodiye (c.1874–1886)
- Urambo - Mirambo (1860-1884)
- Kingdom of Wala -
- Zabarima (emirate) - Babatu
- Sultanate of Zanzibar – Barghash bin Said (1870–1888)
- Zulu – Cetshwayo kaMpande, King of the Zulu (1872–1884)
Asia- Emirate of Afghanistan –
- Sher Ali Khan (1868–1879)
- Mohammad Yaqub Khan (1879)
- Mohammad Jan, minister regent (1879)
- Ghazni
- # Declared independence on 24 December
- # Musa Jan Khan, Emir of Ghazni (1879–1880)
- Kingdom of Burma – Thibaw Min (1878–1885)
- Kingdom of Cambodia – Norodom (1860–1904)
- Kingdom of Champasak – Kham Suk (1863–1900)
- China (Qing dynasty) – Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
- Indian subcontinent, current day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh – Victoria, Empress of India (1876–1901)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
- Chancellor of the Realm – Sanjō Sanetomi (1871–1885)
- Ryukyu Domain – Shō Tai, King of Ryukyu (1848–11 March 1879)
- Fully annexed into Japan as Okinawa Prefecture; monarchy ended.
- Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
- Kingdom of Luang Phrabang – Unkham (1868–1895)
- Kingdom of Nepal – Surendra Bikram Shah Deva (1847–1881)
- Sultanate of Oman – Turki bin Said (1871–1888)
- Siam – Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (1868–1910)
- Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) – Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)
Europe- Andorra – Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta (President of France) and Josep Caixal i Estradé (Bishop of Urgel), co-Princes (1873–1879 and 1853–1879)
- Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Minister-President of Austria -
- #Prince Adolf of Auersperg (1871–1879)
- #Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
- Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1868–1870, 1878–1884)
- Principality of Bulgaria – Alexander I Joseph (1879–1886)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister – Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
- French Third Republic –
- President -
- # Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta (1873–1879)
- # Jules Grévy (1879–1887)
- President of the Council -
- # Jules Dufaure (1877–1879)
- # William Henry Waddington (1879)
- # Charles de Freycinet (1879–1880)
- Germany -
- Monarch – Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1871–1888)
- Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
- see List of German rulers in 1879
- Kingdom of Greece –
- Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister - Alexandros Koumoundouros (1878–1880)
- Holy See – Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)
- Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
- Prime Minister -
- # Agostino Depretis (1878–1879)
- # Benedetto Cairoli (1879–1881)
- Principality of Liechtenstein – Johann II (1858–1929)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Félix de Blochausen (1874–1885)
- Principality of Monaco – Charles III (1856–1889)
- Principality of Montenegro – Nicholas I (1860–1910/1918/1921)
- Netherlands -
- Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
- # Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877–1879)
- # Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879–1883)
- Sweden–Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar II (1872–1905)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan - Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909)
- Grand Vizier -
- # Hayreddin Pasha (1878–1879)
- # Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1879)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Luís I (1861–1889)
- President of the Council of Ministers -
- # António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1878–1879)
- # Anselmo José Braamcamp (1879–1881)
- United Principalities (Romania) – Carol I (1866–1881/1914)
- Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
- San Marino - Camillo Bonelli and Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1878–1879)
- Principality of Serbia – Milan II (1868–1882/1889)
- Kingdom of Spain –
- Monarch – Alfonso XII of Spain (1875–1885)
- Prime Minister
- #Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
- #Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón (1879)
- #Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
- Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
- Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
- Prime Minister - Louis Gerhard De Geer (1876–1880)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1868, 1874–1880)
Middle East and North Africa- Abu Dhabi – Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
- Khedivate of Egypt –
- Monarch -
- # Isma'il (1867–1879)
- # Tawfiq (1879–1892)
- Sultanate of Morocco – Hassan I (1873–1894)
- Sultanate of Oman – Turki ibn Sa'id (1871–1888)
- Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Nasir ed-Din (1848–1896)
- Beylik of Tunis (Under Ottoman Empire suzerainty) - Muhammad as-Sadiq (1859–1882)
North America and the Caribbean- Canada -
- Monarch – Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
- Governor-General - Marquess of Lorne (1878–1883)
- Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald (1867–1891)
- Costa Rica – Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, President of Costa Rica (1877–1882)
- Dominican Republic – Council of Secretaries of State (1878–1879)
- El Salvador – Rafael Zaldívar, President of El Salvador (1876–1885)
- Guatemala – Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala (1873–1885)
- Haiti –
- #Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, President of Haiti (1876–1879)
- Honduras – Marco Aurelio Soto, President of Honduras (1876–1883)
- Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1876–1880)
- Nicaragua –
- # Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, President of Nicaragua (1875–1879)
- # ???
- United States - Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States (1877–1881)
Oceania- Easter Island - Alexander Ariipaea Salmon (1878-1888)
- Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
- Mangareva – Bernardo Putairi, Regent of Mangareva (1873–1881)
- Niue – Tui-toga, King of Niue (1875–1887)
- Samoa – Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
- Tahiti –
- #Pōmare IV, Queen of Tahiti (1827–1877)
- #Pōmare V, King of Tahiti (1877–1880)
- Tonga –
- Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
- Prime Minister - Tevita 'Unga (1876–1880)
South America- Argentina – Nicolás Avellaneda, President of Argentina (1874–1880)
- Bolivia – Hilarión Daza, Provisional President of Bolivia (1876–1879)
- Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- President of the cabinet of ministers - João Lins Cansanção, Viscount of Sinimbu (1878–1880)
- Chile – Aníbal Pinto, President of Chile (1876–1881)
- Colombia – Julián Trujillo Largacha, President of Colombia (1878–1880)
- Ecuador – Ignacio de Veintemilla, Supreme Chief of Ecuador (1876–1878/1883)
- Paraguay – Cándido Bareiro, President of Paraguay (1878–1880)
- Peru –
- #Mariano Ignacio Prado, President of Peru (1876–1879)
- # ???
- Uruguay –
- #Lorenzo Latorre, President of Uruguay (1876–1879)
- #Francisco Antonino Vidal, President of Uruguay (1879)
- #Lorenzo Latorre, President of Uruguay (1879–1880)
- Venezuela – Jacinto Gutiérrez Martínez, acting President of Venezuela (1878–1879)
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