| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- North America and the Caribbean
- Oceania
- South America
{{SLBY|1889}}Africa- Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua III Asamu, Asantehene (1888–1896)
- Kingdom of Benin - Ovonramwen (1888-1897)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
- Kingdom of Dahomey –
- #Glele (1856–1889)
- #Béhanzin (1889–1894)
- Liberia – Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia (1884–1892)
- Mahdist State of Sudan – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1885–1898)
- Merina Kingdom - Ranavalona III (1883-1897)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Umaru bin Ali (1881–1891)
- Grand Vizier - Muhammadu Buhari (1886–1910)
- Wassoulou Empire – Samori Ture, Emperor (1878–1898)
- Sultanate of Zanzibar – Khalifah bin Said (1888–1890)
- Oranje Vrystaat – President Francis William Reitz (1889–1896)
- Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – President Paul Kruger (1883–1902)
Asia- Aceh Sultanate - Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1875-1903)
- Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
- China (Qing dynasty) - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister -
- #Kuroda Kiyotaka (1888–1889)
- #Yamagata Aritomo (1889–1891)
- Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
- Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
Europe- Andorra
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
- First Syndic - Antoni Moles (1888–1897)
- Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
- Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1884–1894)
- Principality of Bulgaria
- Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
- Prime Minister – Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
- French Third Republic –
- President - Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
- President of the Council -
- # Charles Floquet (1888–1889)
- # Pierre Tirard (1889–1890)
- German Empire –
- Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
- see also List of German rulers in 1889
- Kingdom of Greece
- Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister – Charilaos Trikoupis (1886–1890)
- Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
- Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi (1887–1891)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
- Netherlands -
- Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Aeneas Mackay (1888–1891)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch -
- # Luís I (1861–1889)
- # Carlos I (1889–1908)
- President of the Council of Ministers - José Luciano de Castro (1886–1890)
- Russian Empire – Alexander III (1881–1894)
- Kingdom of Spain –
- Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
- Prime Minister - Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
- Kingdom of Sweden –
- Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
- Prime Minister -
- #Gillis Bildt (1888–1889)
- #Gustaf Åkerhielm (1889–1891)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)
North America and the Caribbean- Canada -
- Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald (1878–1891)
- Costa Rica – Bernardo Soto Alfaro, President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
- Honduras -
- Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of México (1884–1911)
- United States -
- Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (1885–1889)
- Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States (1889–1893)
Oceania- Franceville – Ferdinand Chevillard, President of Franceville (1889)
- Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
- Niue – Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
- Samoa – Malietoa Laupepa, Malietoa (1880–1898)
- Tonga –
- Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
- Prime Minister - Shirley Waldemar Baker (1880–1890)
South America- Argentina – Miguel Juárez Celman, President of Argentina (1886–1890)
- Bolivia – Aniceto Arce, President of Bolivia (1888–1892)
- Brazil -
- Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- Prime Minister –
- #João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira, President of the cabinet of ministers (1888–1889)
- #Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto, President of the cabinet of ministers (1889)
- First Brazilian Republic –
- Deodoro da Fonseca, Head of the Provisional Government (1889–1891)
- Chile – José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (1886–1891)
- Colombia – Rafael Núñez, President of Colombia (1887–1894)
- Carlos Holguín Mallarino, acting President of Colombia (1888–1892)
- Ecuador – Antonio Flores Jijón, President of Ecuador (1888–1892)
- Paraguay – Patricio Escobar, President of Paraguay (1886–1890)
- Peru – Andrés Avelino Cáceres, President of Peru (1886–1890)
- Uruguay – Máximo Tajes, President of Uruguay (1886–1890)
- Venezuela – Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl, President of Venezuela (1888–1892)
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