| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- North America and the Caribbean
- Oceania
- South America
{{SLBY|1890}}Africa- Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua III Asamu, Asantehene (1888–1896)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Béhanzin (1889–1894)
- Ethiopia – Menelik II (1889–1913)
- Liberia – Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia (1884–1892)
- Mahdist State of Sudan – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1885–1898)
- Merina Kingdom - Ranavalona III (1883-1897)
- Nembe Kingdom - Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe (1889-1895)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Umaru bin Ali (1881–1891)
- Grand Vizier - Muhammadu Buhari (1886–1910)
- Wassoulou Empire – Samori Ture, Emperor (1878–1898)
- Sultanate of Zanzibar –
- #Khalifah bin Said (1888–1890)
- #Ali bin Said (1890–1893)
- Oranje Vrystaat – President Francis William Reitz (1889–1896)
- Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – President Paul Kruger (1883–1902)
Asia- Aceh Sultanate - Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1875-1903)
- Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
- China (Qing dynasty) - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister - Yamagata Aritomo (1889–1891)
- Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
- Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
Europe- Andorra
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
- First Syndic - Antoni Moles (1888–1897)
- Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
- Minister-President of Hungary -
- #Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
- #Count Gyula Szapáry (1890–1892)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1884–1894)
- Principality of Bulgaria
- Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
- Prime Minister – Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
- French Third Republic –
- President - Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
- President of the Council -
- # Pierre Tirard (1889–1890)
- # Charles de Freycinet (1890–1892)
- German Empire –
- Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Chancellor -
- # Prince Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
- # Leo von Caprivi (1890–1894)
- Kingdom of Greece
- Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
- # Charilaos Trikoupis (1886–1890)
- # Theodoros Deligiannis (1890–1892)
- Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
- Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi (1887–1891)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch -
- #William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- #Adolphe (1890–1905)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
- Netherlands -
- Monarch -
- #William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- #Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
- Regent -
- Emma, Regent (1890–1898)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Aeneas Mackay (1888–1891)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Carlos I (1889–1908)
- President of the Council of Ministers -
- # José Luciano de Castro (1886–1890)
- # António Serpa (1890)
- # João Crisóstomo (1890–1892)
- Russian Empire – Alexander III (1881–1894)
- Kingdom of Spain
- Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
- Prime Minister –
- #Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
- #Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
- Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
- Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
- Prime Minister - Gustaf Åkerhielm (1889–1891)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)
North America and the Caribbean- Canada -
- Monarch – Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald (1878–1891)
- Costa Rica –
- #Bernardo Soto Alfaro, President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
- #José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón, President of Costa Rica (1890–1894)
- Dominican Republic: Ulises Heureaux, President of the Dominican Republic (1889–1899)
- El Salvador –
- #Francisco Menéndez, President of El Salvador (1885–1890)
- #Carlos Ezeta, President of El Salvador (1890–1894)
- Guatemala: Manuel Barillas, President of Guatemala (1885–1892)
- Haiti: Florvil Hyppolite, President of Haiti (1889–1896)
- Honduras: Luis Bográn, President of Honduras (1883–1891)
- Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of México (1884–1911)
- Nicaragua: Roberto Sacasa, Acting President of Nicaragua (1889–1891)
- United States - Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States (1889–1893)
Oceania- Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
- Niue – Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
- Samoa – Malietoa Laupepa, Malietoa (1880–1898)
- Tonga –
- Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
- Prime Minister –
- #Shirley Waldemar Baker (1880–1890)
- #Siaosi Tuku'aho (1890–1893)
South America- Argentina
- #Miguel Juárez Celman, President of Argentina (1886–1890)
- #Carlos Pellegrini, President of Argentina (1890–1892)
- Bolivia – Aniceto Arce, President of Bolivia (1888–1892)
- Brazil – Deodoro da Fonseca, Head of the Provisional Government (1889–1891)
- Chile – José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (1886–1891)
- Colombia – Rafael Núñez, President of Colombia (1887–1894)
- Carlos Holguín Mallarino, acting President of Colombia (1888–1892)
- Ecuador – Antonio Flores Jijón, President of Ecuador (1888–1892)
- Paraguay –
- #Patricio Escobar, President of Paraguay (1886–1890)
- #Juan Gualberto González, President of Paraguay (1890–1894)
- Peru –
- #Andrés Avelino Cáceres, President of Peru (1886–1890)
- #Remigio Morales Bermúdez, President of Peru (1890–1894)
- Uruguay –
- #Máximo Tajes, President of Uruguay (1886–1890)
- #Julio Herrera y Obes, President of Uruguay (1890–1894)
- Venezuela –
- #Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl, President of Venezuela (1888–1890)
- #Raimundo Andueza Palacio, President of Venezuela (1890–1892)
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