“List of state leaders in 1932”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

Egypt

Monarch - Fuad I, King of Egypt (1917–1936)^[1]
Prime Minister - Ismail Sedky, Prime Minister of Egypt (1930–1933)

Ethiopia

Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[2]
Chief Minister - Haile Selassie, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1927–1936)

Liberia

President - Edwin Barclay, President of Liberia (1930–1944)

South Africa

Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
Governor-General - George Villiers, Earl of Clarendon, Governor-General of South Africa (1931–1937)
Prime Minister - J. B. M. Hertzog, Prime Minister of South Africa (1924–1939)

Asia

Afghanistan

Monarch - Mohammed Nadir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1929–1933)
Prime Minister - Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)

China

Republic of China
Head of State - Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government of China (1931–1943)
Premier -
# Chen Mingshu, President of Executive Yuan of China (1931–1932)
# Sun Fo, President of Executive Yuan of China (1932)
# Wang Jingwei, President of Executive Yuan of China (1932–1935)
Chinese Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Republic of China (1931–1937)
Manchukuo (puppet state of Japan)
independence declared on 9 March 1932
Monarch - Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo (1932–1945)
Prime Minister - Zheng Xiaoxu, Prime Minister of Manchukuo (1932–1935)
Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)

Iraq

British Mandate of Iraq gained independence on 3 October 1932
High Commissioner - Sir Francis Humphrys, High Commissioner to the Kingdom of Iraq (1929–1932)
Monarch - Faisal I, King of Iraq (1921–1933)
Prime Minister -
# Nuri al-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1930–1932)
# Naji Shawkat, Prime Minister of Iraq (1932–1933)

Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister -
# Inukai Tsuyoshi, Prime Minister of Japan (1931–1932)
# Viscount Takahashi Korekiyo, Acting Prime Minister of Japan (1932)
# Viscount Saitō Makoto, Prime Minister of Japan (1932–1934)

Mongolia

Communist Party Leadership - Peljidiin Genden (1928–1932) + Ölziin Badrakh (1928–1932) + Zolbingiin Shijee (1930–1932) + Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav (1932–1937) + Jambyn Lkhümbe (1932–1933) + Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (1932–1937), Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
Head of State -
# Losolyn Laagan, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1930–1932)
# Anandyn Amar, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1932–1936)
Premier -
# Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Mongolia (1930–1932)
# Peljidiin Genden, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Mongolia (1932–1936)

Muscat and Oman

Monarch -
# Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
# Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

Nepal

Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
Prime Minister -
# Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1929–1932)
# Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1932–1945)

Persia

Monarch - Reza Shah, Shah of Persia (1925–1941)
Prime Minister - Mehdi Qoli Hedayat, Prime Minister of Persia (1927–1933)

Saudi Arabia

superseded the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz on 22 September 1932
Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[3]^[4]

Siam

Monarch - Prajadhipok, King of Siam (1925–1935)
Prime Minister - Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, Prime Minister of Siam (1932–1933)

Turkey

President - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey (1923–1938)
Prime Minister - İsmet İnönü, Prime Minister of Turkey (1925–1937)

Tuva

Communist Party Leader -
# Irgit Shagdyrzhap, First Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1929–1932)
# Salchak Toka, General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1932–1944)
Head of State - Chuldum Lopsakovi, Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Hural of Tuva (1929–1936)
Premier - Adyg-Tulush Khemchik-ool, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Tuva (1929–1936)

Yemen

Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)^[5]

Australia and Oceania

Australia

Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
Governor-General - Sir Isaac Isaacs, Governor-General of Australia (1931–1936)
Prime Minister -
# James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia (1929–1932)
# Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia (1932–1939)

New Zealand

Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
Governor-General - Charles Bathurst, Baron Bledisloe, Governor-General of New Zealand (1930–1935)
Prime Minister - George Forbes, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1930–1935)

Europe

Albania

Monarch - Zog I, King of the Albanians (1925–1939)^[6]
Prime Minister - Pandeli Evangjeli, Prime Minister of Albania (1930–1935)

Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince -
# Paul Doumer, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1931–1932)
# André Tardieu, Acting French Co-Prince of Andorra (1932)
# Albert François Lebrun, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1932–1940)
Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
Co-Prince's Representative - Joseph de Riba (1915–1933)
First Syndic - Roc Pallares, First Syndic of Andorra (1928–1933)

Austria

President - Wilhelm Miklas, Federal President of Austria (1928–1938)
Chancellor -
# Karl Buresch, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1931–1932)
# Engelbert Dollfuss, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1932–1934)

Belgium

Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
Prime Minister -
# Jules Renkin, Prime Minister of Belgium (1931–1932)
# Count Charles de Broqueville, Prime Minister of Belgium (1932–1934)

Bulgaria

Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
Premier - Nikola Mushanov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1931–1934)

Czechoslovakia

President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
Prime Minister -
# František Udržal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1929–1932)
# Jan Malypetr, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1932–1935)

Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)

High Commissioner -
# Manfredi di Gravina, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1929–1932)
# Helmer Rosting, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1932–1934)
Head of State - Ernst Ziehm, President of the Senate of Danzig (1931–1933)

Denmark

Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
Prime Minister - Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister of Denmark (1929–1942)

Estonia

Head of State -
# Konstantin Päts, State Elder of Estonia (1931–1932)
# Jaan Teemant, State Elder of Estonia (1932)
# Karl August Einbund, State Elder of Estonia (1932)
# Konstantin Päts, State Elder of Estonia (1932–1933)

Finland

President - Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, President of Finland (1931–1937)
Prime Minister -
# Juho Sunila, Prime Minister of Finland (1931–1932)
# Toivo Mikael Kivimäki, Prime Minister of Finland (1932–1936)

France

President -
# Paul Doumer, President of France (1931–1932)
# André Tardieu, Acting President of France (1932)
# Albert François Lebrun, President of France (1932–1940)
Prime Minister -
# Pierre Laval, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1931–1932)
# André Tardieu, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1932)
# Édouard Herriot, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1932)
# Joseph Paul-Boncour, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1932–1933)

Germany

President - Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany (1925–1934)
Chancellor -
# Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany (1930–1932)
# Franz von Papen, Chancellor of Germany (1932)
# Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (1932–1933)

Greece

President - Alexandros Zaimis, President of Greece (1929–1935)
Prime Minister -
# Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1928–1932)
# Alexandros Papanastasiou, Prime Minister of Greece (1932)
# Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1932)
# Panagis Tsaldaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1932–1933)

Hungary

Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
Prime Minister -
# Count Gyula Károlyi, Prime Minister of Hungary (1931–1932)
# Gyula Gömbös, Prime Minister of Hungary (1932–1936)

Iceland

Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
Prime Minister -
# Tryggvi Þórhallsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1927–1932)
# Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1932–1934)

Ireland

Monarch - George V, King of Ireland (1922–1936)
Governor-General -
# James McNeill, Governor-General of Ireland (1928–1932)
# Domhnall Ua Buachalla, Governor-General of Ireland (1932–1936)
Head of Government -
# W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council of Ireland (1922–1932)
# Éamon de Valera, President of the Executive Council of Ireland (1932–1948)

Italy

Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
Prime Minister - Benito Mussolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922–1943)

Latvia

President - Alberts Kviesis, President of Latvia (1930–1936)
Prime Minister - Marģers Skujenieks, Prime Minister of Latvia (1931–1933)

Liechtenstein

Monarch - Franz I, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1929–1938)
Head of Government - Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)

Lithuania

President - Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania (1926–1940)
Prime Minister - Juozas Tūbelis, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1929–1938)

Luxembourg

Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[7]
Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1926–1937)

Monaco

Monarch - Louis II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
Head of Government -
# Maurice Piette, Minister of State of Monaco (1923–1932)
# Henry Mauran, Acting Minister of State of Monaco (1932)
# Maurice Bouilloux-Lafont, Minister of State of Monaco (1932–1937)

Netherlands

Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[8]
Prime Minister - Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1929–1933)

Norway

Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[9]
Prime Minister -
# Peder Kolstad, Prime Minister of Norway (1931–1932)
# Jens Hundseid, Prime Minister of Norway (1932–1933)

Poland

De facto Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, de facto ruler of Poland (1926–1935)
President - Ignacy Mościcki, President of Poland (1926–1939)
Prime Minister - Aleksander Prystor, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1931–1933)

Portugal

President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
Premier -
# Domingos Oliveira, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1930–1932)
# António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1932–1968)

Romania

Monarch - Carol II, King of the Romanians (1930–1940)
Premier -
# Nicolae Iorga, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1931–1932)
# Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1932)
# Iuliu Maniu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1932–1933)

San Marino

Captains Regent -
#Domenico Suzzi Valli and Marino Morri, Captains Regent of San Marino (1931–1932)
#Giuliano Gozi and Pompeo Righi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1932–1933)
#Gino Gozi and Ruggero Morri, Captains Regent of San Marino (1932–1933)

Soviet Union

Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union (1919–1946)^[10]
Premier - Vyacheslav Molotov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1930–1941)

Spain

President - Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, President of Spain (1931–1936)
Prime Minister - Manuel Azaña, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1931–1933)

Sweden

Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
Prime Minister -
# Carl Gustaf Ekman, Prime Minister of Sweden (1930–1932)
# Felix Hamrin, Prime Minister of Sweden (1932)
# Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1932–1936)

Switzerland

Federal Council:^[11]
: Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940, President), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934), Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934), Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1928–1944), Albert Meyer (1929–1938), Rudolf Minger (1929–1940)

United Kingdom

Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
Prime Minister - Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1929–1935)

Vatican City

Monarch - Pope Pius XI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1929–1939)
Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1930–1939)

Yugoslavia

Monarch - Alexander I, King of Yugoslavia (1921–1934)
Prime Minister -
# Petar Živković, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1929–1932)
# Vojislav Marinković, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1932)
# Milan Srškić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1932–1934)

North America and the Caribbean

Canada

Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
Governor General - Vere Ponsonby, Earl of Bessborough, Governor General of Canada (1931–1935)
Prime Minister - R. B. Bennett, Prime Minister of Canada (1930–1935)

Costa Rica

President -
# Cleto González Víquez, President of Costa Rica (1928–1932)
# Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1932–1936)

Cuba

President - Gerardo Machado, President of Cuba (1925–1933)

Dominican Republic

De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1930–1938)

El Salvador

President - Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, Acting President of El Salvador (1931–1934)

Guatemala

President - Jorge Ubico, President of Guatemala (1931–1944)

Haiti (under US occupation)

American Representative -
# Dana Gardner Munro, Minister to Haiti (1930–1932)
# Norman Armour, Minister to Haiti (1932–1934)
President - Sténio Vincent, President of Haiti (1930–1941)

Honduras

President - Vicente Mejía Colindres, President of Honduras (1929–1933)

Mexico

President -
# Pascual Ortiz Rubio, President of Mexico (1930–1932)
# Abelardo L. Rodríguez, President of Mexico (1932–1934)

Newfoundland

Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
Governor -
# Sir John Middleton, Governor of Newfoundland (1928–1932)
# Sir David Murray Anderson, Governor of Newfoundland (1932–1935)
Prime Minister -
# Sir Richard Squires, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1928–1932)
# Frederick C. Alderdice, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1932–1934)

Nicaragua

President - José María Moncada, President of Nicaragua (1929–1933)

Panama

President -
# Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované, President of Panama (1931–1932)
# Harmodio Arias Madrid, President of Panama (1932–1936)

United States of America

President - Herbert Hoover, President of the United States (1929–1933)

South America

Argentina

President -
# José Félix Uriburu, President of Argentina (1930–1932)
# Agustín Pedro Justo, President of Argentina (1932–1938)

Bolivia

President - Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia (1931–1934)

Brazil

President - Getúlio Vargas, Head of Provisional Government of Brazil (1930–1945)

Chile

temporarily superseded by the Socialist Republic of Chile between 4 June and 13 September
President -
# Juan Esteban Montero, President of Chile (1931–1932)
# Arturo Puga, Chairman of the Government Junta of Chile (1932)
# Carlos Dávila, Provisional President of Chile^[12] (1932)
# Bartolomé Blanche, Provisional President of Chile (1932)
# Abraham Oyanedel, Acting President of Chile (1932)
# Arturo Alessandri, President of Chile (1932–1938)

Colombia

President - Enrique Olaya Herrera, President of Colombia (1930–1934)

Ecuador

Head of State -
# Alfredo Baquerizo, Acting President of Ecuador (1931–1932)
# Carlos Freile Larrea, Acting President of Ecuador (1932)
# Alberto Guerrero Martínez, Acting President of Ecuador (1932)
# Juan de Dios Martínez, President of Ecuador (1932–1933)

Paraguay

President -
# José Patricio Guggiari, President of Paraguay (1928–1932)
# Eusebio Ayala, President of Paraguay (1932–1936)

Peru

President - Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, President of Peru (1931–1933)
Prime Minister -
# Germán Arenas Zuñiga, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1931–1932)
# Francisco R. Lanatta Ramírez, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1932)
# Luis Angel Flores, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1932)
# Ricardo Rivadeneyra Barnuevo, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1932)
# José Matías Manzanilla Barrientos, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1932–1933)

Uruguay

President - Gabriel Terra, President of Uruguay (1931–1938)

Venezuela

President - Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (1931–1935)

References

1. ^Egypt only became independent in 1922.
2. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
3. ^Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
4. ^King of Nejd and Hejaz until 1932.
5. ^Yemen only became independent in 1918.
6. ^King Zog I was in power as President of Albania under the name of Ahmet Zogu between 1925 and 1928.
7. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
8. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
9. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
10. ^Kalinin was head of state of Russia (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets) from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1946.
11. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
12. ^Dávila's title changed from Chairman of the Government Junta to Provisional President on 8 July 1932.