“List of state leaders in 1936”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

Egypt

Monarch -
# Fuad I, King of Egypt (1917–1936)^[1]
# Farouk I, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
Regent - Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik, Regent of Egypt (1936–1937)
Prime Minister -
# Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1934–1936)
# Ali Mahir Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1936)
# Mustafa el-Nahhas, Prime Minister of Egypt (1936–1937)

Ethiopia

Ethiopia was invaded and annexed by Italy as Italian East Africa in May 1936
Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[2]
Regent - Ras Imru, Regent of Ethiopia (1936)
Chief Minister -
# Haile Selassie, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1927–1936)
# Wolde Tzaddick, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1936–1942)^[3]

Liberia

President - Edwin Barclay, President of Liberia (1930–1944)

South Africa

Monarch -
# George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
# Edward VIII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936)
# George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - George Villiers, Earl of Clarendon, Governor-General of South Africa (1931–1937)
Prime Minister - J. B. M. Hertzog, Prime Minister of South Africa (1924–1939)

Asia

Afghanistan

Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
Prime Minister - Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)

China

Nationalist Government (Republic of China)
Head of State - Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government of China (1931–1943)
Premier - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Executive Yuan of China (1935–1938)
Chinese Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Republic of China (1931–1937)
East Hebei (puppet state of Japan)
Chairman - Yin Ju-keng, Chairman of the East Hebei Autonomous Council (1935–1937)
Mengjiang (puppet state of Japan)
Chairman - Yondonwangchug, Chairman of Mengjiang (1936–1937)
Manchukuo (puppet state of Japan)
Monarch - Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo (1932–1945)
Prime Minister - Zhang Jinghui, Prime Minister of Manchukuo (1935–1945)
Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
Monarch - vacant, Dalai Lama (1933–1939)
Regent - Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen, Reting Rinpoche (1934–1941)

Iran

Monarch - Reza Shah, Shah of Iran (1925–1941)
Prime Minister - Mahmoud Jam, Prime Minister of Iran (1935–1939)

Iraq

Monarch - Ghazi, King of Iraq (1933–1939)
Prime Minister -
# Yasin al-Hashimi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1935–1936)
# Hikmat Sulayman, Prime Minister of Iraq (1936–1937)

Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister -
# Keisuke Okada, Prime Minister of Japan (1934–1936)
# Kōki Hirota, Prime Minister of Japan (1936–1937)

Mongolia

Communist Party Leadership - Banzarjavyn Baasanjav (1936–1940) + Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav (1932–1937) + Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (1932–1937) + Khas-Ochiryn Luvsandorj (1934–1936), Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
Head of State -
# Anandyn Amar, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1932–1936)
# Dansranbilegiin Dogsom, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1936–1939)
Premier -
# Peljidiin Genden, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Mongolia (1932–1936)
# Anandyn Amar, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Mongolia (1936–1939)

Muscat and Oman

Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

Nepal

Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
Prime Minister - Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1932–1945)

Saudi Arabia

Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[4]

Siam

Monarch - Ananda Mahidol, King of Siam (1935–1946)
Prime Minister - Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena, Prime Minister of Siam (1933–1938)

Turkey

President - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey (1923–1938)
Prime Minister - İsmet İnönü, Prime Minister of Turkey (1925–1937)

Tuva

Communist Party Leader - Salchak Toka, General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1932–1944)
Head of State -
# Chuldum Lopsakovi, Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Hural of Tuva (1929–1936)
# Adyg-Tulush Khemchik-ool, Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Hural of Tuva (1936–1938)
Premier -
# Adyg-Tulush Khemchik-ool, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Tuva (1929–1936)
# Sat Churmit-Dazhi, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Tuva (1936–1938)

Yemen

Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)^[5]

Australia and Oceania

Australia

Monarch -
#George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
#Edward VIII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936)
#George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General -
#Sir Isaac Isaacs, Governor-General of Australia (1931–1936)
#Alexander Hore-Ruthven, Baron Gowrie, Governor-General of Australia (1936–1945)
Prime Minister - Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia (1932–1939)

New Zealand

Monarch -
#George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
#Edward VIII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936)
#George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - George Monckton-Arundell, Viscount Galway, Governor-General of New Zealand (1935–1941)
Prime Minister - Michael Joseph Savage, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1935–1940)

Europe

Albania

Monarch - Zog I, King of the Albanians (1925–1939)^[6]
Prime Minister -
# Mehdi Frashëri, Prime Minister of Albania (1935–1936)
# Kostaq Kota, Prime Minister of Albania (1936–1939)

Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - Albert François Lebrun, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1932–1940)
Co-Prince's Representative - Henri Samulens (1933–1937)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
Co-Prince's Representative -
# Jaume Sansa Nequí (1934–1935)
# Francesc Cairat (acting) (1936–1937)
First Syndic -
#Pere Torres, First Syndic of Andorra (1933–1936)
#Francesc Molné, First Syndic of Andorra (1936–1937)

Austria

President - Wilhelm Miklas, Federal President of Austria (1928–1938)
Chancellor - Kurt Schuschnigg, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1934–1938)

Belgium

Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)^[7]
Prime Minister - Paul van Zeeland, Prime Minister of Belgium (1935–1937)

Bulgaria

Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
Premier - Georgi Kyoseivanov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1935–1940)

Czechoslovakia

President - Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1935–1938)
Prime Minister - Milan Hodža, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1935–1938)

Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)

High Commissioner - Seán Lester, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1934–1937)
Head of State - Arthur Greiser, President of the Senate of Danzig (1934–1939)

Denmark

Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
Prime Minister - Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister of Denmark (1929–1942)

Estonia

Head of State - Konstantin Päts, Acting State Elder of Estonia (1933–1940)
Prime Minister - Konstantin Päts, Prime Minister of Estonia (1934–1937)

Finland

President - Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, President of Finland (1931–1937)
Prime Minister -
# Toivo Mikael Kivimäki, Prime Minister of Finland (1932–1936)
# Kyösti Kallio, Prime Minister of Finland (1936–1937)

France

President - Albert François Lebrun, President of France (1932–1940)
Prime Minister -
# Pierre Laval, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1935–1936)
# Albert Sarraut, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1936)
# Léon Blum, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1936–1937)

Germany

Head of State - Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany (1934–1945)
Chancellor - Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)

Greece

Monarch - George II, King of the Hellenes (1935–1947)^[8]
Prime Minister -
# Konstantinos Demertzis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1935–1936)
# Ioannis Metaxas, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1936–1941)

Hungary

Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
Prime Minister -
# Gyula Gömbös, Prime Minister of Hungary (1932–1936)
# Kálmán Darányi, Prime Minister of Hungary (1936–1938)

Iceland

Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
Prime Minister - Hermann Jónasson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1934–1942)

Ireland

Monarch -
# George V, King of Ireland (1922–1936)
# Edward VIII, King of Ireland (1936)
# George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
Governor-General - Domhnall Ua Buachalla, Governor-General of Ireland (1932–1936)
Head of Government - Éamon de Valera, President of the Executive Council of Ireland (1932–1948)

Italy

Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
Prime Minister - Benito Mussolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922–1943)

Latvia

President -
# Alberts Kviesis, President of Latvia (1930–1936)
# Kārlis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1936–1940)
Prime Minister - Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1934–1940)

Liechtenstein

Monarch - Franz I, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1929–1938)
Head of Government - Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)

Lithuania

President - Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania (1926–1940)
Prime Minister - Juozas Tūbelis, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1929–1938)

Luxembourg

Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[9]
Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1926–1937)

Monaco

Monarch - Louis II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
Head of Government - Maurice Bouilloux-Lafont, Minister of State of Monaco (1932–1937)

Netherlands

Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[10]
Prime Minister - Hendrikus Colijn, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1933–1939)

Norway

Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[11]
Prime Minister - Johan Nygaardsvold, Prime Minister of Norway (1935–1945)^[12]

Poland

President - Ignacy Mościcki, President of Poland (1926–1939)
Prime Minister -
# Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1935–1936)
# Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1936–1939)

Portugal

President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)

Romania

Monarch - Carol II, King of the Romanians (1930–1940)
Premier - Gheorghe Tătărescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1934–1937)

San Marino

Captains Regent -
#Pompeo Righi and Marino Morri, Captains Regent of San Marino (1935–1936)
#Gino Gozi and Ruggero Morri, Captains Regent of San Marino (1936)
#Francesco Morri and Gino Ceccoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1936–1937)

Soviet Union

Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union (1919–1946)^[13]
Premier - Vyacheslav Molotov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1930–1941)

Spain

Spanish Republic
President -
# Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, President of Spain (1931–1936)
# Diego Martínez Barrio, Interim President of Spain (1936)
# Manuel Azaña, President of Spain (1936–1939)
Prime Minister -
# Manuel Portela Valladares, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1935–1936)
# Manuel Azaña, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1936)
# Augusto Barcía Trelles, Acting President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1936)
# Santiago Casares Quiroga, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1936)
# Diego Martínez Barrio, Acting President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1936)
# José Giral, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1936)
# Francisco Largo Caballero, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1936–1937)
Spanish State
was formed on 1 October 1936
Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
Head of Government -
# Miguel Cabanellas, President of the Board of National Defense of Spain (1936)
# Fidel Dávila Arrondo, President of the Technical Board of State of Spain (1936–1937)

Sweden

Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
Prime Minister -
# Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1932–1936)
# Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936)
# Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936–1946)

Switzerland

Federal Council:^[14]
: Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1928–1944), Albert Meyer (1929–1938, President), Rudolf Minger (1929–1940), Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Johannes Baumann (1934–1940), Hermann Obrecht (1935–1940)

United Kingdom

Monarch -
# George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
# Edward VIII, King of the United Kingdom (1936)
# George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
Prime Minister - Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1935–1937)

Vatican City

Monarch - Pope Pius XI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1929–1939)
Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1930–1939)

Yugoslavia

Monarch - Peter II, King of Yugoslavia (1934–1945)^[15]
Regent - Prince Paul + Radenko Stanković + Ivo Perović, Regency of Yugoslavia (1934–1941)
Prime Minister - Milan Stojadinović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1935–1939)

North America and the Caribbean

Canada

Monarch -
# George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
# Edward VIII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936)
# George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor General - John Buchan, Baron Tweedsmuir, Governor General of Canada (1935–1940)
Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)

Costa Rica

President -
# Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1932–1936)
# León Cortés Castro, President of Costa Rica (1936–1940)

Cuba

President -
# José Agripino Barnet, Provisional President of Cuba (1935–1936)
# Miguel Mariano Gómez, President of Cuba (1936)
# Federico Laredo Brú, President of Cuba (1936–1940)

Dominican Republic

De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1930–1938)

El Salvador

President - Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President of El Salvador (1935–1944)

Guatemala

President - Jorge Ubico, President of Guatemala (1931–1944)

Haiti

President - Sténio Vincent, President of Haiti (1930–1941)

Honduras

President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)

Mexico

President - Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico (1934–1940)

Nicaragua

President -
# Juan Bautista Sacasa, President of Nicaragua (1933–1936)
# Carlos Alberto Brenes, Acting President of Nicaragua (1936–1937)

Panama

President -
# Harmodio Arias Madrid, President of Panama (1932–1936)
# Juan Demóstenes Arosemena, President of Panama (1936–1939)

United States of America

President - Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States (1933–1945)

South America

Argentina

President - Agustín Pedro Justo, President of Argentina (1932–1938)

Bolivia

Head of State -
# José Luis Tejada Sorzano, President of Bolivia (1934–1936)
# Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta of Bolivia (1936)
# David Toro, Chairman of the Government Junta of Bolivia (1936–1937)

Brazil

President - Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1930–1945)

Chile

President - Arturo Alessandri, President of Chile (1932–1938)

Colombia

President - Alfonso López Pumarejo, President of Colombia (1934–1938)

Ecuador

Head of State - Federico Páez, Supreme Chief of Ecuador (1935–1937)

Paraguay

President -
# Eusebio Ayala, President of Paraguay (1932–1936)
# Rafael Franco, Acting President of Paraguay (1936–1937)

Peru

President - Óscar R. Benavides, President of Peru (1933–1939)
Prime Minister -
# Manuel Esteban Rodríguez, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1935–1936)
# Ernesto Montagne Markholz, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1936–1939)

Uruguay

President - Gabriel Terra, President of Uruguay (1931–1938)

Venezuela

President - Eleazar López Contreras, President of Venezuela (1935–1941)

References

1. ^Egypt only became independent in 1922.
2. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
3. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
4. ^Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
5. ^Yemen only became independent in 1918.
6. ^Zog I was in power as President of Albania under the name of Ahmet Zogu between 1925 and 1928.
7. ^German prisoner between 1940 and 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
8. ^In exile between 1941 and 1946.
9. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
10. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
11. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
12. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
13. ^Kalinin was head of state of Russia (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets) from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1946.
14. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
15. ^In exile from 1941.