“List of state leaders in 1942”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

{{flagicon|Kingdom of Egypt}} Egypt

Monarch - Farouk I, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
Prime Minister -
# Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1940–1942)
# Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime Minister of Egypt (1942–1944)

{{flagcountry|Ethiopian Empire}}

Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[1]
Head of Government -
# Wolde Tzaddick, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1936–1942)^[2]
# Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)

{{flag|Liberia}}

President - Edwin Barclay, President of Liberia (1930–1944)

{{flagcountry|Union of South Africa}}

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - Sir Patrick Duncan, Governor-General of South Africa (1937–1943)
Prime Minister - Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1939–1948)

Asia

{{flagicon|Kingdom of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}} Afghanistan

Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
Prime Minister - Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)

China

{{Flagicon|Republic of China|name=China}} Nationalist Government
Head of State - Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government of China (1931–1943)
Premier - Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1939–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg}} Reorganized National Government (puppet state of Japan)
Chairman - Wang Jingwei, Chairman of the National Government of China (1940–1944)
{{flag|Manchukuo}} (puppet state of Japan)
Monarch - Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo (1932–1945)
Prime Minister - Zhang Jinghui, Prime Minister of Manchukuo (1935–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Tibet.svg}} Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
Monarch - Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1937–present)^[3]

{{flagicon|Iran|1925}} Iran

Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
Prime Minister -
# Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Prime Minister of Iran (1941–1942)
# Ali Soheili, Prime Minister of Iran (1942)
# Ahmad Qavam, Prime Minister of Iran (1942–1943)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Iraq}}

Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
Regent - Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent of Iraq (1941–1953)
Prime Minister - Nuri al-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1941–1944)

{{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister - Hideki Tojo, Prime Minister of Japan (1941–1944)

{{flagicon|Mongolia|1940}} Mongolia

Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Muscat.svg}} Muscat and Oman

Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Nepal (19th century-1962).svg|border=}} Nepal

Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
Prime Minister - Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1932–1945)

{{flag|Saudi Arabia|1938}}

Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[4]

{{Flag|Thailand}}

Monarch - Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand (1935–1946)
Prime Minister - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1938–1944)

{{flag|Turkey}}

President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
Prime Minister -
# Refik Saydam, Prime Minister of Turkey (1939–1942)
# Ahmet Fikri Tüzer, Acting Prime Minister of Turkey (1942)
# Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1942–1946)

{{Flag|Tuvan People's Republic|name=Tuva}}

Communist Party Leader - Salchak Toka, General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1932–1944)
Head of State - Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Hural of Tuva (1940–1944)
Premier - Saryg-Dongak Chymba, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Tuva (1940–1944)

{{flagicon|Yemen|1927}} Yemen

Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)^[5]

Europe

{{Flagicon|Andorra}} Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - Philippe Pétain, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1940–1944)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jules Lamastres (1940–1944)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Ricard Fornesa i Puigdemasa, Acting Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1940–1943)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)

{{flag|Belgium}} (Metropole occupied by Germany, with a Belgian government in exile)

Prime Minister - Hubert Pierlot, Prime Minister of Belgium (1939–1945)

{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} (Czechoslovak government-in-exile)

President - Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1940–1945)
Prime Minister - Jan Šrámek, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1940–1945)

{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} Bulgaria

Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
Premier - Bogdan Filov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1940–1943)

{{flag|Finland}}

President - Risto Ryti, President of Finland (1940–1944)
Prime Minister - Johan Wilhelm Rangell, Prime Minister of Finland (1941–1943)

{{flagicon|France}} France (under German occupation)

occupied by Germany in November 1942
President - Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of France (1940–1944)
Prime Minister -
# Philippe Pétain, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1940–1942)
# Pierre Laval, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1942–1944)

{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Germany

Head of State - Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany (1934–1945)
Chancellor - Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Belgium (under German occupation)
German Governor - Alexander von Falkenhausen, Military Governor of Belgium and Northern France (1940–1944)
Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)^[6] (under house arrest)
{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg}} Bohemia and Moravia (German protectorate under occupation)
German Governor -
Konstantin von Neurath, Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943)
Reinhard Heydrich, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1941–1942)
Kurt Daluege, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943)
President - Emil Hácha, State President of Bohemia and Moravia (1938–1945)^[7]
Prime Minister - Jaroslav Krejčí, Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945)
{{flag|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}} (partially recognized state under German occupation)
Monarch - Tomislav II, King of Croatia (1941–1943)
Leader - Ante Pavelić, Leader of Croatia (1941–1945)
Prime Minister - Ante Pavelić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1941–1943)
{{Flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark (under German occupation)
Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
Regent - Crown Prince Frederick, Regent of Denmark (1942–1943)
Prime Minister -
# Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister of Denmark (1929–1942)
# Vilhelm Buhl, Prime Minister of Denmark (1942)
# Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (1942–1943)
German Governor -
# Cécil von Renthe-Fink, Reich Plenipotentiary in Denmark (1940–1942)
# Werner Best, Reich Plenipotentiary in Denmark (1942–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} Hellenic State (under Axis occupation)
German Governor - Günther Altenburg, German Plenipotentiary to Greece (1941–1943)
Head of State -
# Georgios Tsolakoglou, President of the Government of Greece (1941–1942)
# Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, President of the Government of Greece (1942–1943)
{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Reichskommissariat Niederlande (under German occupation)
German Governor - Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Reich Commissioner for the occupied Dutch territories (1940–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Reichskommissariat Norwegen (under German occupation)
German Governor - Josef Terboven, Reich Commissioner for the occupied Norwegian territories (1940–1945)
Prime Minister - Vidkun Quisling, Minister President of Norway (1942–1945)
{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} General Government of Poland (Polish territory under German occupation)
Governor-General - Hans Frank, Governor-General of the Occupied Polish Territories (1939–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia (Yugoslav territory under German occupation)
German Governor - Paul Bader, Plenipotentiary Commanding General in Serbia (1941–1943)
Head of Government - Milan Nedić, President of the Ministerial Council of the Serbian Government of National Salvation (1941–1944)
{{flagicon|Slovakia|1938}} Slovakia (partially recognized state, de facto German client state)
President - Jozef Tiso, President of Slovakia (1939–1945)
Prime Minister - Vojtech Tuka, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1939–1944)
{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Reichskommissariat Ostland (Soviet and Polish territory under German occupation)
German Governor - Hinrich Lohse, Reichskommissar of Ostland (1941–1944)
{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Soviet and Polish territory under German occupation)
German Governor - Erich Koch, Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941–1944)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece}} (Under Axis occupation, with a Greek government-in-exile)

Monarch - George II, King of the Hellenes (1935–1947)^[8]
Prime Minister - Emmanouil Tsouderos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1941–1944)

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1920–1946).svg}} Hungary

Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
Prime Minister -
# László Bárdossy, Prime Minister of Hungary (1941–1942)
# Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer, Acting Prime Minister of Hungary (1942)
# Miklós Kállay, Prime Minister of Hungary (1942–1944)

{{flagicon image|Light Blue Flag of Iceland.svg}} Iceland

Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
Regent - Sveinn Björnsson, Regent of Iceland (1941–1944)
Prime Minister -
# Hermann Jónasson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1934–1942)
# Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1942)
# Björn Þórðarson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1942–1944)

{{flag|Republic of Ireland|name=Ireland}}

Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
President - Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland (1938–1945)
Prime Minister - Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1932–1948)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}

Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
Prime Minister - Benito Mussolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922–1943)
{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1939-1943).svg}} Albania (Italian protectorate under occupation)
Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Albania (1939–1943)
Viceroy - Francesco Jacomoni, Lieutenant-General of Albania (1939-1943)
Prime Minister - Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Prime Minister of Albania (1941–1943)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} Hellenic State (under Axis occupation)
Italian Governor - Pellegrino Ghigi, Italian Plenipotentiary to Greece (1941–1943)
Head of State -
# Georgios Tsolakoglou, President of the Government of Greece (1941–1942)
# Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, President of the Government of Greece (1942–1943)
{{flag|Monaco}} (under Italian occupation)
occupied by Italy on November 16, 1942
Monarch - Louis II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
Head of Government - Émile Roblot, Minister of State of Monaco (1937–1944)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Montenegro (1905-1918 & 1941-1944).svg}} Montenegro (under Italian occupation)
Governor - Alessandro Pirzio Biroli, Governor of Montenegro (1941–1943)
Head of Government - Blažo Đukanović, President of the National Committee of Montenegro (1941–1943)

{{flag|Liechtenstein}}

Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Head of Government - Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)

{{flag|Luxembourg}} (annexed by Germany, with a Luxembourg government-in-exile)

Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[9]
Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)^[10]

{{flag|Netherlands}} (Metropole occupied by Germany, with a Dutch government-in-exile)

Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[11]
Prime Minister - Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1940–1945)

{{flag|Norway}} (Occupied by Germany, with a Norwegian government-in-exile)

Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[12]
Prime Minister - Johan Nygaardsvold, Prime Minister of Norway (1935–1945)^[13]

{{flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|1928}} (Occupied and partially annexed by Germany, with a Polish government-in-exile)

President - Władysław Raczkiewicz, President of Poland (1939–1947)
Prime Minister - Władysław Sikorski, Prime Minister of Poland (1939–1943)

{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal

President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}

Monarch - Michael I, King of the Romanians (1940–1947)
Premier - Ion Antonescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1940–1944)

{{flag|San Marino}}

Captains Regent -
#Giuliano Gozi and Giovanni Lonfernini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1941–1942)
#Settimio Belluzzi and Celio Gozi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1942)
#Carlo Balsimelli and Renato Martelli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1942–1943)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} (Yugoslav government-in-exile)

Monarch - Peter II, King of Yugoslavia (1934–1945)^[14]
Prime Minister -
# Dušan Simović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1941–1942)
# Slobodan Jovanović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1942–1943)

{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}

Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1919–1946)^[15]
Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)

{{flagicon|Spain|1938}} Spain

Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)

{{flag|Sweden}}

Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
Prime Minister - Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936–1946)

{{flag|Switzerland}}

Federal Council:^[16]
: Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1928–1944), Philipp Etter (1934–1959, President), Ernst Wetter (1938–1943), Enrico Celio (1940–1950), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954), Walther Stampfli (1940–1947)

{{flag|United Kingdom}}

Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
Prime Minister - Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945)

{{flag|Vatican City}}

Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Cardinal Luigi Maglione, Cardinal Secretary of State (1939–1944)

North America

{{flag|Canada|1921}}

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor General - Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, Governor General of Canada (1940–1946)
Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)

{{Flagicon|Costa Rica}} Costa Rica

President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, President of Costa Rica (1940–1944)

{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Cuba.svg}} Cuba

President - Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1940–1944)
Premier -
# Carlos Saladrigas Zayas, Premier of Cuba (1940–1942)
# Ramón Zaydín, Premier of Cuba (1942–1944)

{{Flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic

De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President -
# Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, President of the Dominican Republic (1940–1942)
# Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)

{{Flagicon|El Salvador}} El Salvador

President - Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President of El Salvador (1935–1944)

{{flag|Guatemala}}

President - Jorge Ubico, President of Guatemala (1931–1944)

{{flag|Haiti|civil}}

President - Élie Lescot, President of Haiti (1941–1946)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Honduras.svg}} Honduras

President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)

{{flag|Mexico|1934}}

President - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (1940–1946)

{{flag|Nicaragua}}

President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1937–1947)

{{flag|Panama}}

President - Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango, President of Panama (1941–1945)

{{flag|United States of America|1912}}

President - Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States (1933–1945)

Oceania

{{Flagicon|Australia}} Australia

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - Alexander Hore-Ruthven, Baron Gowrie, Governor-General of Australia (1936–1945)
Prime Minister - John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (1941–1945)

{{flagicon|New Zealand}} New Zealand

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - Sir Cyril Newall, Governor-General of New Zealand (1941–1946)
Prime Minister - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)

South America

{{Flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina

President -
# Roberto María Ortiz, President of Argentina (1938–1942)
# Ramón Castillo, President of Argentina (1942–1943)

{{Flagicon|Bolivia}} Bolivia

President - Enrique Peñaranda, President of Bolivia (1940–1943)

{{Flagicon|Brazil|1889}} Brazil

President - Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1930–1945)

{{Flagicon|Chile}} Chile

President -
# Jerónimo Méndez, Provisional President of Chile (1941–1942)
# Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (1942–1946)

{{Flagicon|Colombia}} Colombia

President -
# Eduardo Santos, President of Colombia (1938–1942)
# Alfonso López Pumarejo, President of Colombia (1942–1945)

{{Flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador

President - Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, President of Ecuador (1940–1944)

{{flag|Paraguay|1842}}

President - Higinio Morínigo, President of Paraguay (1940–1948)

{{flag|Peru|1825}}

President - Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1939–1945)
Prime Minister - Alfredo Solf y Muro, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1939–1944)

{{flag|Uruguay}}

President - Alfredo Baldomir, President of Uruguay (1938–1943)

{{flagicon|Venezuela|1930}} Venezuela

President - Isaías Medina Angarita, President of Venezuela (1941–1945)

References

1. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
2. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
3. ^Tenzin Gyatso was only enthroned in 1950, Tibet accepted Chinese sovereignty in 1951, the Dalai Lama went into exile in 1959, and his political role in the government-in-exile ended in 2011.
4. ^Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
5. ^Yemen only became independent in 1918.
6. ^German prisoner between 1940 and 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
7. ^Hácha was President of Czechoslovakia between 1938 and 1939.
8. ^In exile between 1941 and 1946.
9. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
10. ^In exile between 1940 and 1944.
11. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
12. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
13. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
14. ^In exile from 1941.
15. ^Kalinin was head of state of Russia (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets) from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1946.
16. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.