“List of state leaders in 1943”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

{{flagicon|Kingdom of Egypt}} Egypt

Monarch - Farouk I, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
Prime Minister - Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime Minister of Egypt (1942–1944)

{{flagcountry|Ethiopian Empire}}

Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[1]
Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)

{{flag|Liberia}}

President - Edwin Barclay, President of Liberia (1930–1944)

{{flagcountry|Union of South Africa}}

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General -
# Sir Patrick Duncan, Governor-General of South Africa (1937–1943)
# Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, Officer Administering the Government of South Africa (1943–1946)
Prime Minister - Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1939–1948)

Asia

{{flagicon|Kingdom of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}} Afghanistan

Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
Prime Minister - Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)

{{flagicon|Burma|1943}} Burma (partially recognized occupied state)

declared independence (under Japanese occupation) on 1 August 1943
President - Ba Maw, President of Burma (1943–1945)
Prime Minister - Ba Maw, Prime Minister of Burma (1942–1945)

China

{{Flagicon|Republic of China|name=China}} Nationalist Government
Head of State -
# Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government of China (1931–1943)
# Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the National Government of China (1943–1949)
Premier - Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1939–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg}} Reorganized National Government (puppet state of Japan)
Chairman - Wang Jingwei, Chairman of the National Government of China (1940–1944)
{{flag|Manchukuo}} (puppet state of Japan)
Monarch - Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo (1932–1945)
Prime Minister - Zhang Jinghui, Prime Minister of Manchukuo (1935–1945)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Tibet.svg}} Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
Monarch - Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1937–present)^[2]

{{flagicon|Iran|1925}} Iran

Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
Prime Minister -
# Ahmad Qavam, Prime Minister of Iran (1942–1943)
# Ali Soheili, Prime Minister of Iran (1943–1944)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Iraq}}

Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
Regent - Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent of Iraq (1941–1953)
Prime Minister - Nuri al-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1941–1944)

{{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister - Hideki Tojo, Prime Minister of Japan (1941–1944)

{{flag|Lebanon}}

Greater Lebanon gained independence in November 1943
President - Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
Prime Minister - Riad Al Solh, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1943–1945)

{{flagicon|Mongolia|1940}} Mongolia

Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Muscat.svg}} Muscat and Oman

Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Nepal (19th century-1962).svg|border=}} Nepal

Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
Prime Minister - Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1932–1945)

{{flagicon image|Philippines Flag Original.svg}} Philippines (partially recognized occupied state)

declared independence (under Japanese occupation) on October 14, 1943
President - José P. Laurel, President of the Philippines (1943–1945)

{{flag|Saudi Arabia|1938}}

Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[3]

{{Flag|Thailand}}

Monarch - Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand (1935–1946)
Prime Minister - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1938–1944)

{{flag|Turkey}}

President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
Prime Minister - Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1942–1946)

{{Flag|Tuvan People's Republic|name=Tuva}}

Communist Party Leader - Salchak Toka, General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1932–1944)
Head of State - Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Hural of Tuva (1940–1944)
Premier - Saryg-Dongak Chymba, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Tuva (1940–1944)

{{flagicon|Yemen|1927}} Yemen

Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)^[4]

Europe

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1939-1943).svg}} {{Flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1943-1944).svg}} Albania (under Italian/German occupation)

the Italian protectorate was occupied by Germany in September 1943
Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Albania (1939–1943)
Viceroy -
# Francesco Jacomoni, Lieutenant-General of Albania (1939-1943)
# Alberto Pariani, Lieutenant-General of Albania (1943)
Regent - Mehdi Frashëri, Chairman of the High Council of Regency of Albania (1943-1944)
Prime Minister -
# Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Prime Minister of Albania (1941–1943)
# Eqrem Libohova, Prime Minister of Albania (1943)
# Maliq Bushati, Prime Minister of Albania (1943)
# Eqrem Libohova, Prime Minister of Albania (1943)
# Mehdi Frashëri, Prime Minister of Albania (1943)
# Rexhep Mitrovica, Prime Minister of Albania (1943–1944)

{{Flagicon|Andorra}} Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - Philippe Pétain, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1940–1944)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jules Lamastres (1940–1944)
Episcopal Co-Prince -
# Ricard Fornesa i Puigdemasa, Acting Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1940–1943)
# Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)

{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Belgium (under German occupation)

German Governor - Alexander von Falkenhausen, Military Governor of Belgium and Northern France (1940–1944)
Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)^[5] (under house arrest)
Belgian government in exile
Prime Minister - Hubert Pierlot, Prime Minister of Belgium (1939–1945)

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg}} Bohemia and Moravia (German protectorate under occupation)

German Governor -
# Konstantin von Neurath, Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943)
# Kurt Daluege, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943)
# Wilhelm Frick, Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945)
President - Emil Hácha, State President of Bohemia and Moravia (1938–1945)^[6]
Prime Minister - Jaroslav Krejčí, Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945)
Czechoslovak government-in-exile
President - Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1940–1945)
Prime Minister - Jan Šrámek, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1940–1945)

{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} Bulgaria

Monarch -
# Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
# Simeon II, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1943–1946)
Regent -
# Bogdan Filov, Regent of Bulgaria (1943)
# Dobri Bozhilov, Regent of Bulgaria (1943)
# Prince Kiril, Prince of Preslav + Bogdan Filov + Nikola Mikhov, Regency Council of Bulgaria (1943–1944)
Premier -
# Bogdan Filov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1940–1943)
# Petur Gabrovski, Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1943)
# Dobri Bozhilov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1943–1944)

{{flag|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}} (partially recognized state under German occupation)

Monarch - Tomislav II, King of Croatia (1941–1943)
Leader - Ante Pavelić, Leader of Croatia (1941–1945)
Prime Minister -
# Ante Pavelić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1941–1943)
# Nikola Mandić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1943–1945)

{{Flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark (under German occupation)

Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
Regent - Crown Prince Frederick, Regent of Denmark (1942–1943)
Prime Minister - Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (1942–1943)
German Governor - Werner Best, Reich Plenipotentiary in Denmark (1942–1945)

{{flag|Finland}}

President - Risto Ryti, President of Finland (1940–1944)
Prime Minister -
# Johan Wilhelm Rangell, Prime Minister of Finland (1941–1943)
# Edwin Linkomies, Prime Minister of Finland (1943–1944)

{{flagicon|France}} France (under German occupation)

President - Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of France (1940–1944)
Prime Minister - Pierre Laval, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1942–1944)

{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Germany

name changed to Greater German Reich on June 26, 1943
Head of State - Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany (1934–1945)
Chancellor - Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} Greece (under Axis occupation)

German Governor -
# Günther Altenburg, German Plenipotentiary to Greece (1941–1943)
# Hermann Neubacher, German Plenipotentiary to Greece (1943–1944)
Italian Governor - Pellegrino Ghigi, Italian Plenipotentiary to Greece (1941–1943)
Head of State -
# Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, President of the Government of Greece (1942–1943)
# Ioannis Rallis, President of the Government of Greece (1943–1944)
Greek government-in-exile
Monarch - George II, King of the Hellenes (1935–1947)^[7]
Prime Minister - Emmanouil Tsouderos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1941–1944)

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1920–1946).svg}} Hungary

Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
Prime Minister - Miklós Kállay, Prime Minister of Hungary (1942–1944)

{{flagicon image|Light Blue Flag of Iceland.svg}} Iceland

Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
Regent - Sveinn Björnsson, Regent of Iceland (1941–1944)
Prime Minister - Björn Þórðarson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1942–1944)

{{flag|Republic of Ireland|name=Ireland}}

Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
President - Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland (1938–1945)
Prime Minister - Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1932–1948)

Italy

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=Kingdom of Italy}}
Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
Prime Minister -
# Benito Mussolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922–1943)
# Pietro Badoglio, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1943–1944)
{{flag|Italian Social Republic}} (partially recognized state under German occupation)
established on 23 September 1943
Head of State - Benito Mussolini, Provisional Head of State of the Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)

{{flag|Liechtenstein}}

Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Head of Government - Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)

Luxembourg (annexed by Germany)

Luxembourg government-in-exile
Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[8]
Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)^[9]

{{flag|Monaco}} (under Italian/German occupation)

Italian occupation superseded by German occupation on September 9, 1943
Monarch - Louis II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
Head of Government - Émile Roblot, Minister of State of Monaco (1937–1944)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Montenegro (1905-1918 & 1941-1944).svg}} Montenegro (under Italian/German occupation)

Italian occupation superseded by German occupation on September 10, 1943
Governor -
# Alessandro Pirzio Biroli, Governor of Montenegro (1941–1943)
# Curio Barbasetti di Prun, Governor of Montenegro (1943)
# Theodor Geib, German plenipotentiary general in Montenegro (1943–1944)
Head of Government -
# Blažo Đukanović, President of the National Committee of Montenegro (1941–1943)
# Ljubo Vukčevič, President of the National Committee of Montenegro (1943–1945)

{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Netherlands (under German occupation)

German Governor - Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Reich Commissioner for the occupied Dutch territories (1940–1945)
Dutch government-in-exile
Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[10]
Prime Minister - Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1940–1945)

{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Norway (under German occupation)

German Governor - Josef Terboven, Reich Commissioner for the occupied Norwegian territories (1940–1945)
Prime Minister - Vidkun Quisling, Minister President of Norway (1942–1945)
Norwegian government-in-exile
Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[11]
Prime Minister - Johan Nygaardsvold, Prime Minister of Norway (1935–1945)^[12]

Poland (annexed by Germany)

Polish government-in-exile
President - Władysław Raczkiewicz, President of Poland (1939–1947)
Prime Minister -
# Władysław Sikorski, Prime Minister of Poland (1939–1943)
# Stanisław Mikołajczyk, Prime Minister of Poland (1943–1944)

{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal

President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)

{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}

Monarch - Michael I, King of the Romanians (1940–1947)
Premier - Ion Antonescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1940–1944)

{{flag|San Marino}}

Captains Regent -
#Carlo Balsimelli and Renato Martelli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1942–1943)
#Marino Michelotti and Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1943)
#Marino Della Balda and Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1943–1944)

{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Serbia (under German occupation)

German Governor -
# Paul Bader, Plenipotentiary Commanding General in Serbia (1941–1943)
# Hans Felber, Commander of Southeast Europe (1943–1944)
Head of Government - Milan Nedić, President of the Ministerial Council of the Serbian Government of National Salvation (1941–1944)

{{flagicon|Slovakia|1938}} Slovakia (partially recognized state)

President - Jozef Tiso, President of Slovakia (1939–1945)
Prime Minister - Vojtech Tuka, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1939–1944)

{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}

Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1919–1946)^[13]
Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)

{{flagicon|Spain|1938}} Spain

Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)

{{flag|Sweden}}

Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
Prime Minister - Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936–1946)

{{flag|Switzerland}}

Federal Council:^[14]
: Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1928–1944), Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Ernst Wetter (1938–1943), Enrico Celio (1940–1950, President), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954), Walther Stampfli (1940–1947), Ernst Nobs (1943–1951)

{{flag|United Kingdom}}

Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
Prime Minister - Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945)

{{flag|Vatican City}}

Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Cardinal Luigi Maglione, Cardinal Secretary of State (1939–1944)

{{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.svg}} Yugoslavia

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was declared on November 29, 1943
Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (1936–1980)
Head of State - Ivan Ribar, Chairman of the Presidium of the Provisional People's Assembly of Yugoslavia (1943–1953)
Head of Government - Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)
Yugoslav government-in-exile
Monarch - Peter II, King of Yugoslavia (1934–1945)^[15]
Prime Minister -
# Slobodan Jovanović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1942–1943)
# Miloš Trifunović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1943)
# Božidar Purić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1943–1944)

North America

{{flag|Canada|1921}}

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor General - Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, Governor General of Canada (1940–1946)
Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)

{{Flagicon|Costa Rica}} Costa Rica

President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, President of Costa Rica (1940–1944)

{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Cuba.svg}} Cuba

President - Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1940–1944)
Premier - Ramón Zaydín, Premier of Cuba (1942–1944)

{{Flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic

De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)

{{Flagicon|El Salvador}} El Salvador

President - Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President of El Salvador (1935–1944)

{{flag|Guatemala}}

President - Jorge Ubico, President of Guatemala (1931–1944)

{{flag|Haiti|civil}}

President - Élie Lescot, President of Haiti (1941–1946)

{{flagicon image|Flag of Honduras.svg}} Honduras

President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)

{{flag|Mexico|1934}}

President - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (1940–1946)

{{flag|Nicaragua}}

President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1937–1947)

{{flag|Panama}}

President - Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango, President of Panama (1941–1945)

{{flag|United States of America|1912}}

President - Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States (1933–1945)

Oceania

{{Flagicon|Australia}} Australia

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - Alexander Hore-Ruthven, Baron Gowrie, Governor-General of Australia (1936–1945)
Prime Minister - John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (1941–1945)

{{flagicon|New Zealand}} New Zealand

Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
Governor-General - Sir Cyril Newall, Governor-General of New Zealand (1941–1946)
Prime Minister - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)

South America

{{Flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina

President -
# Ramón Castillo, President of Argentina (1942–1943)
# Arturo Rawson, President of Argentina (1943)
# Pedro Pablo Ramírez, President of Argentina (1943–1944)

{{Flagicon|Bolivia}} Bolivia

President -
# Enrique Peñaranda, President of Bolivia (1940–1943)
# Gualberto Villarroel, Chairman of the Government Junta of Bolivia (1943–1946)

{{Flagicon|Brazil|1889}} Brazil

President - Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1930–1945)

{{Flagicon|Chile}} Chile

President - Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (1942–1946)

{{Flagicon|Colombia}} Colombia

President - Alfonso López Pumarejo, President of Colombia (1942–1945)

{{Flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador

President - Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, President of Ecuador (1940–1944)

{{flag|Paraguay|1842}}

President - Higinio Morínigo, President of Paraguay (1940–1948)

{{flag|Peru|1825}}

President - Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1939–1945)
Prime Minister - Alfredo Solf y Muro, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1939–1944)

{{flag|Uruguay}}

President -
# Alfredo Baldomir, President of Uruguay (1938–1943)
# Juan José de Amézaga, President of Uruguay (1943–1947)

{{flagicon|Venezuela|1930}} Venezuela

President - Isaías Medina Angarita, President of Venezuela (1941–1945)

References

1. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
2. ^Tenzin Gyatso was only enthroned in 1950, Tibet accepted Chinese sovereignty in 1951, the Dalai Lama went into exile in 1959, and his political role in the government-in-exile ended in 2011.
3. ^Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
4. ^Yemen only became independent in 1918.
5. ^German prisoner between 1940 and 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
6. ^Hácha was President of Czechoslovakia between 1938 and 1939.
7. ^In exile between 1941 and 1946.
8. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
9. ^In exile between 1940 and 1944.
10. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
11. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
12. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
13. ^Kalinin was head of state of Russia (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets) from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1946.
14. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
15. ^In exile from 1941.