“List of state leaders in 1957”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

Egypt

President - Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954–1970)^[1]
Prime Minister - Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954–1962)^[2]

Ethiopia

Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[3]
Prime Minister -
# Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
# Abebe Aregai, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1957–1960)

Ghana

Gold Coast gained independence on 6 March 1957
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ghana (1957–1960)
Governor-General -
# Sir Charles Noble Arden-Clarke, Governor of the Gold Coast (1949–1957), Governor-General of Ghana (1957)
# William Hare, Earl of Listowel, Governor-General of Ghana (1957–1960)
Prime Minister - Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana (1952–1960)

Liberia

President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)

Libya

Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
Prime Minister -
# Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime Minister of Libya (1954–1957)
# Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime Minister of Libya (1957–1960)

Morocco

Monarch - Mohammed V, King of Morocco^[4] (1955–1961)^[5]
Prime Minister - Mbarek Bekkay, President of the Council of Ministers of Morocco (1955–1958)^[5]

South Africa

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961)
Governor-General - Ernest George Jansen, Governor-General of South Africa (1951–1959)
Prime Minister - Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime Minister of South Africa (1954–1958)

Sudan

Head of State - Sovereignty Council, Head of State of Sudan (1956–1958)
Prime Minister - Abdallah Khalil, Prime Minister of Sudan (1956–1958)

Tunisia

Kingdom of Tunisia superseded by the Republic of Tunisia on 25 July 1957
Monarch - Muhammad VIII al-Amin, King of Tunisia (1943–1957)^[6]
President - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
Prime Minister - Habib Bourguiba, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1956–1957)

Asia

Afghanistan

Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
Prime Minister - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1953–1963)

Bhutan

Monarch - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
Prime Minister - Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)

Burma

President -
# Ba U, President of Burma (1952–1957)
# Win Maung, President of Burma (1957–1962
Prime Minister -
# Ba Swe, Prime Minister of Burma (1956–1957)
# U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1957–1958)

Cambodia

Monarch - Norodom Suramarit, King of Cambodia (1955–1960)
Prime Minister -
# Sam Yun, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1956–1957)
# Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1957)
# Sim Var, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1957–1958)

Ceylon

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
Governor-General - Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, Governor-General of Ceylon (1954–1962)
Prime Minister - S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1956–1959)

China (People's Republic of China)

Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of China (1949–1959)
Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)

India

President - Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)

Indonesia

President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
Prime Minister -
#Ali Sastroamidjojo, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1956–1957)
#Djuanda Kartawidjaja, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1957–1959)
Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)

Iran

Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
Prime Minister
# Hossein Ala', Prime Minister of Iran (1955–1957)
# Manouchehr Eghbal, Prime Minister of Iran (1957–1960)

Iraq

Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
Prime Minister
# Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1954–1957)
# Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1957)
# Abdul-Wahab Mirjan, Prime Minister of Iraq (1957–1958)

Israel

President - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1955–1963)

Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister -
# Tanzan Ishibashi, Prime Minister of Japan (1956–1957)
# Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (1957–1960)

Jordan -

Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
Prime Minister -
# Suleiman Nabulsi, Prime Minister of Jordan (1956–1957)
# Abdelhalim al-Nimr, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957)
# Husayn al-Khalidi, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957)
# Ibrahim Hashem, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957–1958)

North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)

Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
Head of State -
# Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1947–1957)^[7]
# Choi Yong-kun, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1957–1972)
Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[7]

South Korea (Republic of Korea)

President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)

Laos

Monarch - Sisavang Vong, King of Laos (1946–1959)^[8]
Prime Minister - Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1956–1958)

Lebanon

President - Camille Chamoun, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
Prime Minister - Sami as-Solh, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1956–1958)

Malaya

gained independence on 31 August 1957
High Commissioner - Sir Donald MacGillivray, High Commissioner to Malaya (1954–1957)
Monarch - Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1957–1960)
Prime Minister - Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaya (1955–1970)

Mongolia

Communist Party Leader - Dashiin Damba, First secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1954–1958)
Head of State - Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
Premier - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)

Muscat and Oman

Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

Nepal

Monarch - Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
Prime Minister
# Tanka Prasad Acharya, Prime Minister of Nepal (1956–1957)
# Kunwar Inderjit Singh, Prime Minister of Nepal (1957–1958)

Pakistan

President - Iskander Mirza, President of Pakistan (1955–1958)^[9]
Prime Minister -
# Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1956–1957)
# Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957)
# Feroz Khan Noon, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957–1958)

Philippines

President -
# Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines (1953–1957)
# Carlos P. Garcia, President of the Philippines (1957–1961)

Saudi Arabia

Monarch - Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
Prime Minister - Crown Prince Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1954–1960)

Syria

President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1955–1958)
Prime Minister - Sabri al-Assali, Prime Minister of Syria (1956–1958)

Taiwan (Republic of China)

President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
Premier - Yu Hung-Chun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1954–1958)

Thailand

Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
Prime Minister
# Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1948–1957)
# Pote Sarasin, Prime Minister of Thailand (1957–1958)

Turkey

President - Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey (1950–1960)
Prime Minister - Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)

North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)

Communist Party Leader - Hồ Chí Minh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1956–1960)
President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)^[10]

South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)

President - Ngô Đình Diệm, President of South Vietnam (1955–1963)

Yemen

Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1955–1962)

Europe

Albania

Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)

Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - René Coty, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1954–1959)
Co-Prince's Representative - Yves Michel (1956–1958)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)

Austria

President -
#Theodor Körner, Federal President of Austria (1951–1957)
#Julius Raab, Acting Federal President of Austria (1957)
#Adolf Schärf, Federal President of Austria (1957–1965)
Chancellor - Julius Raab, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1953–1961)

Belgium

Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
Prime Minister - Achille Van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1954–1958)

Bulgaria

Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
Head of State - Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1950–1958)
Premier - Anton Yugov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1956–1962)

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party Leader - Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
President -
# Antonín Zápotocký, President of Czechoslovakia (1953–1957)
# Viliam Široký, Acting President of Czechoslovakia (1957)
# Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
Prime Minister - Viliam Široký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963)

Denmark

Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
Prime Minister - H. C. Hansen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1955–1960)

Finland

President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
Prime Minister -
# Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (1956–1957)
# V. J. Sukselainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1957)
# Rainer von Fieandt, Prime Minister of Finland (1957–1958)

France

President - René Coty, President of France (1954–1959)
Prime Minister -
# Guy Mollet, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1956–1957)
# Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1957)
# Félix Gaillard, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1957–1958)

East Germany (German Democratic Republic)

Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
President - Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

President - Theodor Heuss, Federal President of West Germany (1949–1959)
Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
Governing Mayor -
# Otto Suhr, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1955–1957)
# Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)

Greece

Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
Prime Minister - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1955–1958)

Hungary

Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
Head of State - István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
Premier - János Kádár, President of the Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Government of Hungary (1956–1958)

Iceland

President - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
Prime Minister - Hermann Jónasson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1956–1958)

Ireland

President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
Prime Minister -
# John A. Costello, Taoiseach of Ireland (1954–1957)
# Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1957–1959)

Italy

President - Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy (1955–1962)
Prime Minister -
# Antonio Segni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1955–1957)
# Adone Zoli, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1957–1958)

Liechtenstein

Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)

Luxembourg

Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[11]
Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1953–1958)

Monaco

Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
Head of Government - Henry Soum, Minister of State of Monaco (1953–1959)

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
Netherlands (constituent country)
Prime Minister - Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
Governor -
# Frans E.J. van der Valk, Acting Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1956–1957)
# Antonius B. Speekenbrink, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1957–1961)
Prime Minister - Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
Suriname (constituent country)
Governor-General - Jan van Tilburg, Governor-General of Suriname (1956–1963)
Prime Minister - Johan Ferrier, Prime Minister of Suriname (1955–1958)

Norway

Monarch -
# Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[11]
# Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
Regent - Crown Prince Olav, Regent of Norway (1955–1957)
Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1955–1963)

Poland

Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
Head of State - Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
Premier - Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)

Portugal

President - Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of Portugal (1951–1958)
Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)

Romania

Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1955–1965)
Head of State - Petru Groza, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1952–1958)
Premier - Chivu Stoica, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1955–1961)

San Marino

Captains Regent -
#Mariano Ceccoli and Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1956–1957)
#Giordano Giacomini and Primo Marani, Captains Regent of San Marino (1957)
#Federico Bigi + Alvaro Casali + Pietro Giancecchi + Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti, Provisional Government of San Marino (1957)
#Marino Valdes Franciosi and Federico Micheloni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1957–1958)

Soviet Union

Communist Party Leader - Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
Head of State - Kliment Voroshilov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1953–1960)
Premier - Nikolai Bulganin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1955–1958)

Spain

Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)

Sweden

Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)

Switzerland

Federal Council:^[12]
: Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Markus Feldmann (1951–1958), Hans Streuli (1953–1959, President), Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Giuseppe Lepori (1954–1959), Thomas Holenstein (1955–1959)

United Kingdom

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
Prime Minister -
# Sir Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1955–1957)
# Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963)

Vatican City

Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Pro-Secretary of State (1952–1961)

Yugoslavia

Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
President - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
Premier - Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
Governor General - Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada (1952–1959)
Prime Minister -
# Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
# John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada (1957–1963)

Costa Rica

President - José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1953–1958)

Cuba

President - Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1952–1959)
Prime Minister -
# Jorge García Montes, Prime Minister of Cuba (1955–1957)
# Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime Minister of Cuba (1957–1958)

Dominican Republic

De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President - Héctor Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)

El Salvador

President - José María Lemus, President of El Salvador (1956–1960)

Guatemala

President -
# Carlos Castillo Armas, President of Guatemala (1954–1957)
# Luis Arturo González López, Acting President of Guatemala (1957)
# Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Chairman of the Military Junta of Guatemala (1957)
# Guillermo Flores Avendaño, Acting President of Guatemala (1957–1958)

Haiti

Head of State -
# Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President of Haiti (1956–1957)
# Franck Sylvain, Provisional President of Haiti (1957)
# Léon Cantave, Army Chief of General Staff of Haiti (1957)
# Executive Government Council, President of Haiti (1957)
# Léon Cantave, Army Chief of General Staff of Haiti (1957)
# Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President of Haiti (1957)
# Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council of Haiti (1957)
# François Duvalier, President of Haiti (1957–1971)

Honduras

President -
# Military Government Council, President of Honduras (1956–1957)
# Ramón Villeda Morales, President of Honduras (1957–1963)

Mexico

President - Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President of Mexico (1952–1958)

Nicaragua

President - Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1956–1963)

Panama

President - Ernesto de la Guardia, President of Panama (1956–1960)

United States of America

President - Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States (1953–1961)

Oceania

Australia

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
Governor-General - Sir William Slim, Governor-General of Australia (1953–1960)
Prime Minister - Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)

New Zealand

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
Governor-General -
#Sir Willoughby Norrie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1952–1957)
#Sir Harold Eric Barrowclough, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (1957)
#Charles Lyttelton, Viscount Cobham, Governor-General of New Zealand (1957–1962)
Prime Minister -
# Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949–1957)
# Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957)
# Walter Nash, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957–1960)

South America

Argentina

President - Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, President of Argentina (1955–1958)

Bolivia

President - Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1956–1960)

Brazil

President - Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil (1956–1961)

Chile

President - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President of Chile (1952–1958)

Colombia

Head of State -
# Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President of Colombia (1953–1957)
# Gabriel París Gordillo, Chairman of the Military Junta of Colombia (1957–1958)

Ecuador

President - Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President of Ecuador (1956–1960)

Paraguay

President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)

Peru

President - Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1956–1962)
Prime Minister - Manuel Cisneros Sánchez, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1956–1958)

Uruguay

Head of State -
#Alberto Fermín Zubiría, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1956–1957)
#Arturo Lezama, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1957–1958)

Venezuela

President - Marcos Pérez Jiménez, President of Venezuela (1952–1958)

References

1. ^Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
2. ^Gamal Abdel Nasser was Prime Minister of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
3. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
4. ^The monarch's title changed from Sultan to King on 14 August 1957.
5. ^¹Morocco only became independent in 1956.
6. ^Tunisia only became independent in 1956.
7. ^¹North Korea only became independent in 1948.
8. ^Laos only became independent in 1953.
9. ^Iskander Mirza was titled Governor-General of Pakistan between 1955 and 1956, under the monarchy.
10. ^Prime minister of Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
11. ^¹In exile between 1940 and 1945.
12. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

Rulers