“List of state leaders in 1975”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

Algeria

Head of State – Houari Boumediene, President of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria (1965–1978)

Angola

the Overseas Province of Angola gained independence on 11 November 1975
High Commissioner and Governor-General –
# António Alva Rosa Coutinho, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1974–1975)
# António Silva Cardoso, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1975)
# Ernesto Ferreira de Macedo, Acting High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1975)
# Leonel Cardoso, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1975)
People's Republic of Angola
Communist Party Leader – Agostinho Neto, Secretary of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (1975–1979)
President - Agostinho Neto, President of Angola (1975–1979)
Prime Minister - Lopo do Nascimento, Prime Minister of Angola (1975–1978)
Democratic People's Republic of Angola (rival government)
counter-government declared on 11 November 1975
President - Holden Roberto + Jonas Savimbi, Presidents of the Joint National Council for the Revolution of Angola (1975–1976)
Prime Minister - José Ndele + Johnny Eduardo Pinnock, Prime Ministers of Angola (1975–1976)
Cabinda (unrecognized secessionist state)
declared independence on 1 August 1975, reincorporated into Angola on 11 November 1975
President -
# Pedro Simba Macosso, President of Cabinda (1967–1975)
# N’zita Henriques Tiago, Provisional President of Cabinda (1975)
# Luis Branque Franque, President of Cabinda (1975–1976)^[1]
Prime Minister - Francisco Xavier Lubota, Prime Minister of Cabinda (1975–1976)^[1]

Benin

Dahomey changed name to People's Republic of Benin on 30 November 1975
President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)

Botswana

President - Sir Seretse Khama, President of Botswana (1966–1980)

Burundi

President - Michel Micombero, President of Burundi (1966–1976)

Cameroon

President - Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
Prime Minister - Paul Biya, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1975–1982)

Cape Verde

the Overseas Province of Cape Verde gained independence on 5 July 1975
High Commissioner - Vicente Almeida d'Eça, High Commissioner of Cape Verde (1974–1975)
President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)

Central African Republic

President - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President for Life of the Central African Republic (1966–1979)^[2]
Prime Minister - Elisabeth Domitien, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1975–1976)

Chad

Head of State -
# N'Garta Tombalbaye, President of Chad (1960–1975)
# Noël Milarew Odingar, Interim Head of State of Chad (1975)
# Félix Malloum, Head of State of Chad (1975–1979)
Prime Minister -
# N'Garta Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)^[3]
# Félix Malloum, Prime Minister of Chad (1975–1978)

Comoros

gained independence on 6 July 1975
High Commissioner - Jacques Mouradian, High Commissioner of the Comoros (1969–1975)
President -
# Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1975)
# Prince Said Mohamed Jaffar, President of the Comoros (1975–1976)
Head of Government - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Government Council of the Comoros (1972–1975)

Congo

Head of State - Marien Ngouabi, Head of State of Congo (1969–1977)
Prime Minister -
# Henri Lopès, Prime Minister of Congo (1973–1975)
# Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime Minister of Congo (1975–1984)

Dahomey

see under Benin

Egypt

President - Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt (1970–1981)
Prime Minister -
# Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy, Prime Minister of Egypt (1974–1975)
# Mamdouh Salem, Prime Minister of Egypt (1975–1978)

Equatorial Guinea

President - Francisco Macías Nguema Biyogo,^[4] President for Life of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979)

Ethiopia

Head of State - Tafari Benti, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1974–1977)

French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (French overseas territory)

High Commissioner - Christian Dablanc, High Commissioner of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1974–1976)
Prime Minister - Ali Aref Bourhan, President of the Government Council of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas (1967–1976)

Gabon

President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)

The Gambia

President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)

Ghana

Head of State - Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Chairman of the National Redemption Council of Ghana (1972–1978)

Guinea

President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)

Guinea-Bissau

Head of State - Luís Cabral, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980)
Prime Minister - Francisco Mendes, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1978)

Ivory Coast

President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)

Kenya

President - Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (1964–1978)

Lesotho

Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)^[5]

Liberia

President - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (1971–1980)

Libya

De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
Nominal Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya (1969–1979)
Prime Minister - Abdessalam Jalloud, Prime Minister of Libya (1972–1977)

Madagascar

see under Malagasy Republic

Malagasy Republic

name changed to Democratic Republic of Madagascar on 30 December 1975
Head of State -
# Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Head of State of the Malagasy Republic (1972–1975)
# Richard Ratsimandrava, Head of State of the Malagasy Republic (1975)
# Gilles Andriamahazo, Chairman of the National Military Leadership Committee of the Malagasy Republic (1975)
# Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
Prime Minister - Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Prime Minister of the Malagasy Republic (1972–1975)

Malawi

President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)

Mali

Head of State - Moussa Traoré, Head of State of Mali (1968–1991)

Mauritania

President - Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960–1978)

Mauritius

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
Governor-General - Sir Raman Osman, Governor-General of Mauritius (1972–1977)
Prime Minister - Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1961–1982)^[6]

Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)

part of the colony of Comoros until 6 July 1975
Prefect - Younoussa Bamana, Prefect of Mayotte (1975–1976)

Morocco

Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
Prime Minister - Ahmed Osman, Prime Minister of Morocco (1972–1979)

Mozambique

the Overseas Province of Mozambique gained independence on 25 June 1975
High Commissioner and Governor-General - Victor Crespo, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1974–1975)
Communist Party Leader - Samora Machel, President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1975–1986)
President - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975–1986)
Prime Minister - Joaquim Chissano, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1974–1975)

Niger

Head of State - Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974–1987)

Nigeria

Head of State -
# Yakubu Gowon, Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1966–1975)
# Murtala Mohammed, Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1975–1976)

Rhodesia (unrecognized, de facto independent country)

President -
# Clifford Dupont, President of Rhodesia (1965–1975)^[7]
# Henry Everard, Acting President of Rhodesia (1975–1976)
Prime Minister - Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1965–1979)

Rwanda

President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)

Saint Helena and Dependencies (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir Thomas Oates, Governor of Saint Helena (1971–1976)

São Tomé and Príncipe

the Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe gained independence on 12 July 1975
High Commissioner - António Elísio Capelo Pires Veloso, High Commissioner of São Tomé and Príncipe (1974–1975)
President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
Prime Minister -
# Leonel Mário d'Alva, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1974–1975)
# Miguel Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1975–1979)

Senegal

President - Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
Prime Minister - Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister of Senegal (1970–1980)

Seychelles (British crown colony)

Governor - Colin Allan, Governor of the Seychelles (1973–1976)
Chief Minister - James Mancham, Chief Minister of the Seychelles (1970–1976)

Sierra Leone

President - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (1971–1985)
Prime Minister -
# Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1971–1975)
# Christian Alusine Kamara-Taylor, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1975–1978)

Somalia

President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)

South Africa

President -
# Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President of South Africa (1968–1975)
# Johannes de Klerk, Acting State President of South Africa (1975)
# Nico Diederichs, State President of South Africa (1975–1978)
Prime Minister - B. J. Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (1966–1978)
South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
Administrator - Barend Johannes van der Walt, Administrator of South West Africa (1971–1977)

Spanish Sahara (Spanish overseas province)

Governor-General - Federico Gómez de Salazar y Nieto, Governor-General of Spanish Sahara (1974–1976)

Sudan

President - Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969–1985)
Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister of Sudan (1969–1976)

Swaziland

Monarch - Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (1921–1982)^[8]
Prime Minister - Prince Makhosini Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1967–1976)^[9]

Tanzania

President - Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)^[10]
Prime Minister - Rashidi Kawawa, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1972–1977)

Togo

President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)

Tunisia

President - Habib Bourguiba, President for Life of Tunisia (1957–1987)
Prime Minister - Hedi Amara Nouira, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1970–1980)

Uganda

President - Idi Amin, President of Uganda (1971–1979)

Upper Volta

President - Sangoulé Lamizana, President of Upper Volta (1966–1980)
Prime Minister - Sangoulé Lamizana, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1974–1978)

Zaire

President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1994)

Zambia

President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
Prime Minister -
# Mainza Chona, Prime Minister of Zambia (1973–1975)
# Elijah Mudenda, Prime Minister of Zambia (1975–1977)

Asia

Afghanistan

President - Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (1973–1978)

Bahrain

Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)^[11]
Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)^[12]

Bangladesh

President -
#Mohammad Mohammadullah, President of Bangladesh (1973–1975)
#Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (1975)
#Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, President of Bangladesh (1975)
#Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, President of Bangladesh (1975–1977)
Prime Minister -
#Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1972–1975)
#Muhammad Mansur Ali, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1975)

Bhutan

Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)

Brunei (British protected state)

High Commissioner -
# Peter Gautrey, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1972–1975)
# James Alfred Davidson, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1975–1978)
Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
Chief Minister - Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja Pengiran Abdul Mumin, Chief Minister of Brunei (1972–1981)

Burma

President - Ne Win, President of Burma (1962–1981)
Prime Minister - Sein Win, Prime Minister of Burma (1974–1977)

Cambodia

the Khmer Republic was superseded by the Kingdom of Cambodia on 17 April 1975
Head of State -
# Lon Nol, President of the Khmer Republic (1972–1975)
# Saukam Khoy, Acting President of the Khmer Republic (1975)
# Sak Sutsakhan, Chairman of the Supreme Committee of the Khmer Republic (1975)
# Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia (1975–1976)
Prime Minister -
# Long Boret, Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic (1973–1975)
# Penn Nouth, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1975–1976)

China (People's Republic of China)

Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
Acting Head of State -
#Dong Biwu, Acting Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1968–1975)
#Zhu De, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1975–1976)
Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council (1949–1976)

Hong Kong (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir Murray MacLehose, Governor of Hong Kong (1971–1982)

East Timor

Portuguese Timor declared independence on 28 November and was annexed by Indonesia on 7 December
Governor - Mário Lemos Pires, Governor of Portuguese Timor (1974–1975)
President - Francisco Xavier do Amaral, President of East Timor (1975)
Prime Minister - Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, Prime Minister of East Timor (1975)

India

President - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President of India (1974–1977)
Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1966–1977)
Sikkim (Indian protectorate)
merged into India on 16 May 1975
Indian Politician Officer - Gurbachan Singh, Political Officer in Sikkim (1974–1975)
Monarch - Palden Thondup Namgyal, Chogyal of Sikkim (1963–1975)
Prime Minister - Kazi Lhendup Dorjee, Prime Minister of Sikkim (1974–1979)

Indonesia

President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)

Iran

Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
Prime Minister - Amir-Abbas Hoveida, Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977)

Iraq

President - Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President of Iraq (1968–1979)
Prime Minister - Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime Minister of Iraq (1968–1979)

Israel

President - Ephraim Katzir, President of Israel (1973–1978)
Prime Minister - Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel (1974–1977)

Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister - Takeo Miki, Prime Minister of Japan (1974–1976)

Jordan

Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
Prime Minister - Zaid al-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1973–1976)

Khmer Republic

see under Cambodia

North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)

Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
Premier - Kim Il, Premier of the Council of Ministers of North Korea (1972–1976)

South Korea (Republic of Korea)

President - Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (1962–1979)
Prime Minister -
# Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1971–1975)
# Choi Kyu-hah, Prime Minister of South Korea (1975–1979)

Kuwait

Monarch - Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1965–1977)
Prime Minister - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1965–1978)

Laos

Kingdom of Laos superseded by the Lao People's Democratic Republic on 2 December 1975
Monarch - Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975–1992)
President - Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975–1991)
Head of Government -
# Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1962–1975)
# Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975–1991)

Lebanon

President - Suleiman Frangieh, President of Lebanon (1970–1976)
Prime Minister -
# Rachid Solh, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1974–1975)
# Nureddine Rifai, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1975)
# Rashid Karami, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1975–1976)

Macau (overseas province of Portugal)

Governor - José Garcia Leandro, Governor of Macau (1974–1979)

Malaysia

Monarch -
# Tuanku Abdul Halim, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1970–1975)
# Sultan Yahya Petra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1975–1979)
Prime Minister - Abdul Razak Hussein, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1970–1976)

Maldives

President - Ibrahim Nasir, President of the Maldives (1968–1978)
Prime Minister - Ahmed Zaki, Prime Minister of the Maldives (1972–1975)

Mongolia

Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
Head of State - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1974–1984)
Premier - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1974–1984)

Nepal

Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
Prime Minister -
# Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime Minister of Nepal (1973–1975)
# Tulsi Giri, Prime Minister of Nepal (1975–1977)

Oman

Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)

Pakistan

President - Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (1973–1978)
Prime Minister - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977)

Philippines

President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)

Qatar

Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)^[13]

Saudi Arabia

Monarch -
# Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964–1975)
# Khalid, King of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
Prime Minister -
# Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1962–1975)
# Khalid, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)

Singapore

President - Benjamin Sheares, President of Singapore (1971–1981)
Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)^[14]

Sri Lanka

President - William Gopallawa, President of Sri Lanka (1962–1978)^[15]
Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1970–1977)

Syria

President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
Prime Minister - Mahmoud al-Ayyubi, Prime Minister of Syria (1972–1976)

Taiwan (Republic of China)

President -
# Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China (1950–1975)
# Yen Chia-kan, President of the Republic of China (1975–1978)
Premier - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Executive Yuan (1972–1978)

Thailand -

Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
Prime Minister -
# Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime Minister of Thailand (1973–1975)
# Seni Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (1975)
# Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (1975–1976)

Turkey

President - Fahri Korutürk, President of Turkey (1973–1980)
Prime Minister -
# Sadi Irmak, Prime Minister of Turkey (1974–1975)
# Süleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1975–1977)

United Arab Emirates

President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1971–1979)

North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)

Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
President - Tôn Đức Thắng, President of North Vietnam (1969–1980)^[16]
Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)^[17]

South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)

President -
# Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (1965–1975)
# Trần Văn Hương, President of South Vietnam (1975)
# Dương Văn Minh, President of South Vietnam (1975)
# Huỳnh Tấn Phát, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (1975–1976)
Prime Minister -
# Trần Thiện Khiêm, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1969–1975)
# Nguyễn Bá Cẩn, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1975)
# Vũ Văn Mẫu, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1975)

North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)

President - Ibrahim al-Hamdi, President of North Yemen (1974–1977)
Prime Minister -
# Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1974–1975)
# Abdul Latif Dayfallah, Acting Prime Minister of North Yemen (1975)
# Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1975–1980)

South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)

Head of State - Salim Rubai Ali, Chairman of the Presidential Council of South Yemen (1969–1978)
Prime Minister - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1985)

Europe

Albania

Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1941–1985)
Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)

Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974–1981)
Co-Prince's Representative - Claude-François Rostain (1972–1977)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
First Syndic - Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1972–1978)

Austria -

President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1970–1983)

Belgium

Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
Prime Minister - Leo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium (1974–1978)

Bulgaria

Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
Premier - Stanko Todorov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1971–1981)

Cyprus

President - Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1974–1977)
Northern Cyprus (invaded by Turkey)
President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
President -
# Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (1968–1975)
# Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)

Denmark

Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
Prime Minister -
# Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (1973–1975)
# Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1975–1982)

Finland

President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
Prime Minister -
# Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1972–1975)
# Keijo Liinamaa, Prime Minister of Finland (1975)
# Martti Miettunen, Prime Minister of Finland (1975–1977)

France

President - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974–1981)
Prime Minister - Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1974–1976)

East Germany (German Democratic Republic)

Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
Head of State - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1973–1976)
Premier - Horst Sindermann, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1973–1976)

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

President - Walter Scheel, Federal President of West Germany (1974–1979)
Chancellor - Helmut Schmidt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)
West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
Governing Mayor - Klaus Schütz, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1967–1977)

Greece

President -
# Michail Stasinopoulos, President of Greece (1974–1975)
# Konstantinos Tsatsos, President of Greece (1975–1980)
Prime Minister - Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (1974–1980)

Hungary

Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
Premier -
# Jenő Fock, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1967–1975)
# György Lázár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)

Iceland

President - Kristján Eldjárn, President of Iceland (1968–1980)
Prime Minister - Geir Hallgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1974–1978)

Ireland

President - Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, President of Ireland (1974–1976)
Prime Minister - Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach of Ireland (1973–1977)

Italy

President - Giovanni Leone, President of Italy (1971–1978)
Prime Minister - Aldo Moro, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1974–1976)

Liechtenstein

Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Prime Minister - Walter Kieber, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1974–1978)

Luxembourg

Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
Prime Minister - Gaston Thorn, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1974–1979)

Malta

President - Sir Anthony Mamo, President of Malta (1971–1976)^[18]
Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971–1984)

Monaco

Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
Head of Government - André Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco (1972–1981)

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
Netherlands (constituent country)
Prime Minister - Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1973–1977)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
see under North America
Suriname (constituent country until independence on 25 November 1975)
see under South America

Norway

Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli, Prime Minister of Norway (1973–1976)

Poland

Communist Party Leader - Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1970–1980)
Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
Premier - Piotr Jaroszewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1970–1980)

Portugal

President - Francisco da Costa Gomes, President of Portugal (1974–1976)
Prime Minister -
#Vasco Gonçalves, Prime Minister of Portugal (1974–1975)
#José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo, Prime Minister of Portugal (1975–1976)

Romania

Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
Premier - Manea Mănescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1974–1979)

San Marino

Captains Regent
#Francesco Valli and Enrico Andreoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1974–1975)
#Alberto Cecchetti and Michele Righi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1975)
#Giovanni Vito Marcucci and Giuseppe Della Balda, Captains Regent of San Marino (1975–1976)

Soviet Union

Communist Party leader - Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
Head of State - Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1965–1977)
Premier - Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1964–1980)

Spain

Spanish State was superseded by the Kingdom of Spain
Head of State -
# Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
# Prince Juan Carlos, Acting Head of State of Spain (1975)
# Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel, President of the Regency of Spain (1975)
Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
Prime Minister - Carlos Arias Navarro, President of the Government of Spain (1973–1976)

Sweden

Monarch - Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden (1973–present)
Prime Minister - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1969–1976)

Switzerland

Federal Council:^[19]
: Rudolf Gnägi (1965–1979), Ernst Brugger (1969–1978), Pierre Graber (1970–1978, President), Kurt Furgler (1971–1986), Willy Ritschard (1973–1983), Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982), Georges-André Chevallaz (1973–1983)

United Kingdom

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
Prime Minister - Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1974–1976)
Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Martin, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1974–1980)
Bailiff - Sir John Loveridge, Bailiff of Guernsey (1973–1982)
Jersey (British Crown dependency)
Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Desmond Fitzpatrick, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1974–1979)
Bailiff - Frank Ereaut, Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
Lieutenant Governor - Sir John Warburton Paul, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1974–1980)
Head of Government - Percy Radcliffe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1971–1977)
Gibraltar (British crown colony)
Governor - Sir John Grandy, Governor of Gibraltar (1973–1978)
Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)

Vatican City

Monarch - Pope Paul VI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1963–1978)
President of the Governorate - Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1969–1979)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, Cardinal Secretary of State (1969–1979)

Yugoslavia

Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
President - Josip Broz Tito, President for Life of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
Premier - Džemal Bijedić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1971–1977)

North America

Antigua (British associated state)

Governor - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor of Antigua (1967–1993)
Premier - George Walter, Premier of Antigua (1971–1976)

The Bahamas

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
Governor-General - Sir Milo Butler, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1973–1979)
Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)^[20]

Barbados

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
Governor-General - Sir Arleigh Winston Scott, Governor-General of Barbados (1967–1976)
Prime Minister - Errol Barrow, Prime Minister of Barbados (1961–1976)^[21]

Belize (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir Richard Posnett, Governor of Belize (1972–1976)
Premier - George Cadle Price, Premier of Belize (1961–1984)

Bermuda (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir Edwin Leather, Governor of Bermuda (1973–1977)
Premier -
# Sir Edward Richards, Premier of Bermuda (1971–1975)
# John Sharpe, Premier of Bermuda (1975–1977)

British Virgin Islands (British crown colony)

Governor - Walter Wilkinson Wallace, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1974–1978)
Chief Minister - Willard Wheatley, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1971–1979)

Canada

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
Governor General - Jules Léger, Governor General of Canada (1974–1979)
Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979)

Cayman Islands (British crown colony)

Governor - Thomas Russell, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1974–1982)

Costa Rica

President - Daniel Oduber Quirós, President of Costa Rica (1974–1978)

Cuba

Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
President - Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
Prime Minister - Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)^[22]

Dominica (British associated state)

Governor - Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue, Governor of Dominica (1968–1979)
Premier - Patrick John, Premier of Dominica (1974–1979)

Dominican Republic

President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1966–1978)

El Salvador

President - Arturo Armando Molina, President of El Salvador (1972–1977)

Grenada

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
Governor-General - Sir Leo de Gale, Governor-General of Grenada (1974–1978)
Prime Minister - Eric Gairy, Prime Minister of Grenada (1967–1979)^[23]

Guatemala

President - Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President of Guatemala (1974–1978)

Haiti

President - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971–1986)

Honduras

Head of State -
# Oswaldo López Arellano, Head of State of Honduras (1972–1975)
# Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, Head of State of Honduras (1975–1978)

Jamaica

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
Governor-General - Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
Prime Minister - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1972–1980)

Mexico

President - Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico (1970–1976)

Montserrat (British crown colony)

Governor - Norman Derek Matthews, Governor of Montserrat (1974–1976)
Chief Minister - Percival Austin Bramble, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1970–1978)

Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Governor - Bernadito M. Leito, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1970–1983)
Prime Minister - Juancho Evertsz, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1973–1977)

Nicaragua

President - Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1974–1979)

Panama

De facto leader - Omar Torrijos, Commandant of the National Guard of Panama (1968–1981)
President - Demetrio B. Lakas, President of Panama (1969–1978)

Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (British associated state)

Governor -
# Sir Milton Allan, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1969–1975)
# Sir Probyn Ellsworth-Innis, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1975–1981)
Premier - Robert Bradshaw, Premier of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1966–1978)

Saint Lucia (British associated state)

Governor - Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis, Governor of Saint Lucia (1974–1980)
Premier - John Compton, Premier of Saint Lucia (1964–1979)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)

Prefect -
# Jean Cluchard, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1974–1975)
# Jean Massendès, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1975–1977)
President of the General Council - Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (British associated state)

Governor - Sir Rupert John, Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1970–1976)
Premier - Milton Cato, Premier of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)

Trinidad and Tobago

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976)
Governor-General - Sir Ellis Clarke, Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago (1972–1987)^[24]
Prime Minister - Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)^[25]

Turks and Caicos Islands (British crown colony)

Governor -
# Alexander Graham Mitchell, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1971–1975)
# Arthur Christopher Watson, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1975–1978)

United States of America

President - Gerald Ford, President of the United States (1974–1977)
Panama Canal Zone (unincorporated territory of the United States)
Governor -
# David Stuart Parker, Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (1971–1975)
# Harold Parfitt, Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (1975–1979)
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1973–1977)
United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
Governor -
# Melvin H. Evans, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1969–1975)
# Cyril King, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1975–1978)

Oceania

American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)

Governor -
# Frank Mockler, Acting Governor of American Samoa (1974–1975)
# Earl B. Ruth, Governor of American Samoa (1975–1976)

Australia

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
Governor-General - Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (1974–1977)
Prime Minister -
# Gough Whitlam, Prime Minister of Australia (1972–1975)
# Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia (1975–1983)
Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
Administrator -
# Harry Webb, Administrator of Christmas Island (1974–1975)
# William Worth, Administrator of Christmas Island (1975–1977)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
Governor - John Cecil Clunies-Ross, Governor of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1947–1978)
Administrator -
# C. McManus, Official representative of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1972–1975)
# Robert James Linford, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1975–1977)
Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
Administrator -
# Edward Thomas Pickerd, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1972–1975)
# Charles Ivens Buffett, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1975–1976)
Head of Government - Richard Albert Bataille, President of the Island Council of Norfolk Island (1974–1976)

Ellice Islands (British crown colony)

became a separate colony by seceding from Gilbert and Ellice Islands on 1 October 1975
Commissioner - Thomas H. Laying, Commissioner of Ellice Islands (1975–1978)
Chief Minister - Toaripi Lauti, Chief Minister of Ellice Islands (1975–1981)

Fiji

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
Governor-General - Ratu Sir George Cakobau, Governor-General of Fiji (1973–1983)
Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)^[26]

French Polynesia (French overseas territory)

Governor -
# Daniel Videau, Governor of French Polynesia (1973–1975)
# Charles Schmitt, Governor of French Polynesia (1975–1977)

Gilbert Islands (British protectorate)

Ellice Islands seceded from Gilbert and Ellice Islands on 1 October 1975
Governor - John Hilary Smith, Governor of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1973–1978)
Chief Minister - Naboua Ratieta, Chief Minister of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1974–1978)

Guam (Insular area of the United States)

Governor -
# Carlos Camacho, Governor of Guam (1969–1975)
# Ricardo Bordallo, Governor of Guam (1975–1979)

Nauru

President - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1968–1976)

New Caledonia (French overseas territory)

High Commissioner - Gabriel Ériau, Governor of New Caledonia (1974–1978)

New Hebrides (British-French condominium)

British Resident Commissioner -
# Roger du Boulay (1973–1975)
# John Stuart Champion (1975–1978)
French Resident Commissioner^[27] - Robert Gauger (1974–1978)

New Zealand

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
Governor-General - Sir Denis Blundell, Governor-General of New Zealand (1972–1977)
Prime Minister -
# Bill Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1974–1975)
# Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1975–1984)
Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
Queen's Representative - Sir Gaven Donne, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1975–1984)
Prime Minister - Albert Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1965–1978)
Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
Premier - Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
Administrator -
# William Gray Thorp, Administrator of Tokelau (1973–1975)
# Frank Corner, Administrator of Tokelau (1975–1984)

Papua New Guinea

the Territory of Papua and New Guinea gained independence on 16 September 1975
Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
Governor-General -
# Tom Critchley, High Commissioner of Papua and New Guinea (1974–1975)
# Sir John Guise, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1975–1977)
Prime Minister - Michael Somare, Chief Minister of Papua and New Guinea (1972–1975), Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1975–1980)
Republic of the North Solomons (unrecognized secessionist state)
declared independence on 1 September 1975
President - Alexis Sarei, President of North Solomons (1975–1976)

Pitcairn Islands (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir David Aubrey Scott, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1973–1975)
Magistrate -
# Pervis Ferris Young, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1967–1975)
# Ivan Christian, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1975–1984)

Solomon Islands (British protectorate)

British Solomon Islands Protectorate changed name to Solomon Islands on 22 June 1975
Governor - Donald Luddington, Governor of the Solomon Islands (1973–1976)
Chief Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Chief Minister of the Solomon Islands (1974–1976)

Tonga

Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)^[28]
Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)^[28]

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the United States)

High Commissioner - Edward E. Johnston, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1969–1976)

Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)

Administrator-Superior - Yves Arbellot-Repaire, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1975–1976)
President of the Territorial Assembly -
# Mikaele Folaumahina, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1972–1975)
# Soane Patita Lakina, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1975–1977)

Western Samoa

Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
Prime Minister -
# Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1973–1975)
# Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV, Acting Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1975–1976)

South America

Argentina

President -
Isabel Martínez de Perón, President of Argentina (1974–1976)
Ítalo Argentino Lúder, Acting President of Argentina (1975)

Bolivia

President - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1971–1978)

Brazil

President - Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (1974–1979)

Chile

President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1974–1990)

Colombia

President - Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (1974–1978)

Ecuador

President - Guillermo Rodríguez, President of Ecuador (1972–1976)

Falkland Islands (British crown colony)

Governor -
# Sir Ernest Gordon Lewis, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1971–1975)
# Sir Neville Arthur Irwin French, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1975–1977)

Guyana

President - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana (1970–1980)
Prime Minister - Forbes Burnham, Prime Minister of Guyana (1964–1980)^[29]

Paraguay

President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)

Peru

Head of State -
# Juan Velasco Alvarado, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1968–1975)
# Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1975–1980)
Prime Minister -
# Edgardo Mercado Jarrín, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1973–1975)
# Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1975)
# Óscar Vargas Prieto, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1975–1976)

Suriname

Suriname, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands gained independence on 25 November 1975
President - Johan Ferrier, Governor-General of Suriname (1968–1975), President of Suriname (1975–1980)
Prime Minister - Henck Arron, Prime Minister of Suriname (1973–1980)

Uruguay

President - Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (1972–1976)

Venezuela

President - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1974–1979)

References

1. ^¹In exile from November 1975.
2. ^Titled Emperor Bokassa I after 1976.
3. ^Chad only became independent in 1960.
4. ^Name changed to Macías Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong on 26 September 1975.
5. ^Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
6. ^Mauritius only became independent in 1968.
7. ^Titled 'Officer Administering the Government' between 1965 and 1970.
8. ^Swaziland only became independent in 1968, until when Sobhuza II was titled Paramount Chief of Swaziland.
9. ^Swaziland only became independent in 1968.
10. ^Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
11. ^Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
12. ^Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
13. ^Qatar only became independent in 1971.
14. ^Singapore only became independent in 1965.
15. ^William Gopallawa was titled Governor-General of Ceylon between 1962 and 1972 under the monarchy.
16. ^President of the unified Vietnam from 1976 to 1980.
17. ^Prime minister of the unified Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
18. ^Sir Anthony Mamo was titled Governor-General of Malta between 1971 and 1974 under the monarchy.
19. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
20. ^The Bahamas only became independent in 1973.
21. ^Barbados only became independent in 1966.
22. ^The position Prime Minister of Cuba was abolished on 2 December 1976, but President of the Council of Ministers was created and it continued to be held by Fidel Castro.
23. ^Grenada only became independent in 1974.
24. ^Sir Ellis Clarke was titled President of Trinidad and Tobago between 1976 and 1987 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
25. ^Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
26. ^Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
27. ^Subordinated to the Governor of New Caledonia.
28. ^¹Tonga only became independent in 1970.
29. ^Guyana only became independent in 1966.

Rulers