“List of state leaders in 1982”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

Algeria

President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979–1992)
Prime Minister - Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1979–1984)

Angola

Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos, Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)

Benin

Communist Party Leader - Mathieu Kérékou, Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979–1990)
President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)

Botswana

President - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)

Burundi

President - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President of Burundi (1976–1987)

Cameroon

President-
# Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
# Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
Prime Minister -
# Paul Biya, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1975–1982)
# Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1982–1983)

Cape Verde

President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)

Central African Republic

Head of State - André Kolingba, Chairman of the Military Committee of National Recovery of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)

Chad

Head of State -
# Goukouni Oueddei, President of the Transitional Government of National Unity of Chad (1979–1982)
# Hissène Habré, Chairman of the Council of State of Chad (1982–1990)
Prime Minister - Djidingar Dono Ngardoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1982)

Comoros

President - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978–1989)
Prime Minister -
# Salim Ben Ali, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1978–1982)
# Ali Mroudjaé, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1982–1984)

Congo

Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party (1979–1991)
President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979–1992)
Prime Minister - Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime Minister of Congo (1975–1984)

Djibouti

President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)

Egypt

President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
Prime Minister -
# Hosni Mubarak, Prime Minister of Egypt (1981–1982)
# Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin, Prime Minister of Egypt (1982–1984)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982–1992)

Ethiopia

Head of State - Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1977–1991)

Gabon

President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1994)

The Gambia

President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)

Ghana

Head of State - Jerry Rawlings, Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana (1981–2001)

Guinea

President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)

Guinea-Bissau

Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of the Revolution of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984)
Prime Minister - Victor Saúde Maria, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1982–1984)

Ivory Coast

President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)

Kenya

President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)

Lesotho

Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)^[1]

Liberia

President - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1980–1990)

Libya

De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1981–1984)
Head of Government - Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1979–1984)

Madagascar

President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
Prime Minister - Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977–1988)

Malawi

President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)

Mali

President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968–1991)

Mauritania

Head of State - Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Head of State of Mauritania (1980–1984)
Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1981–1984)

Mauritius

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
Governor-General - Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay, Governor-General of Mauritius (1978–1983)
Prime Minister -
# Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1961–1982)^[2]
# Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)

Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)

Prefect -
# Pierre Sevellec, Prefect of Mayotte (1981–1982)
# Yves Bonnet, Prefect of Mayotte (1982)
President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1976–1991)

Morocco

Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
Prime Minister - Maati Bouabid, Prime Minister of Morocco (1979–1983)
Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
Prime Minister -
# Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1976–1982)
# Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1982–1985)

Mozambique

Communist Party Leader - Samora Machel, President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1975–1986)
President - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975–1986)

Niger

Head of State - Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974–1987)

Nigeria

President - Shehu Shagari, President of Nigeria (1979–1983)

Rwanda

President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)

Saint Helena and Dependencies (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir John Dudley Massingham, Governor of Saint Helena (1981–1984)

São Tomé and Príncipe

President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)

Senegal

President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1981–1983)

Seychelles

President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)

Sierra Leone

President - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (1971–1985)

Somalia

Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre, Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (1976–1991)
President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)

South Africa

President - Marais Viljoen, State President of South Africa (1979–1984)
Prime Minister - P. W. Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1978–1984)
Bophuthatswana (unrecognized state)
President - Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana (1968–1994)^[3]
Ciskei (unrecognized state)
President - Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei (1973–1990)^[4]
Transkei (unrecognized state)
President - Kaiser Matanzima, President of Transkei (1979–1986)
Prime Minister - George Matanzima, Prime Minister of Transkei (1979–1987)
Venda (unrecognized state)
President - Patrick Mphephu, President of Venda (1969–1988)^[5]
South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
Administrator-General - Danie Hough, Administrator-General of South West Africa (1980–1983)
Premier - Dirk Mudge, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of South West Africa (1980–1983)

Sudan

President - Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969–1985)
Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1977–1985)

Swaziland

Monarch -
# Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (1921–1982)^[6]
# Queen Dzeliwe, Regent of Swaziland (1982–1983)
Prime Minister - Prince Mabandla Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1979–1983)

Tanzania

President - Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)^[7]
Prime Minister - Cleopa Msuya, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1980–1983)

Togo

President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)

Tunisia

President - Habib Bourguiba, President for Life of Tunisia (1957–1987)
Prime Minister - Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1980–1986)

Uganda

President - Milton Obote, President of Uganda (1980–1985)
Prime Minister - Otema Alimadi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1980–1985)

Upper Volta

Head of State -
# Saye Zerbo, President of the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress of Upper Volta (1980–1982)
# Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo, Head of State of Upper Volta (1982–1983)
Prime Minister - Saye Zerbo, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1980–1982)

Zaire

President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
Head of Government -
# N'singa Udjuu Ongwabeki Untubu, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1981–1982)
# Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1982–1986)

Zambia

President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
Prime Minister - Nalumino Mundia, Prime Minister of Zambia (1981–1985)

Zimbabwe

President - Canaan Banana, President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
Prime Minister - Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)

Asia

Afghanistan

Communist Party Leader - Babrak Karmal, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1979–1986)
Head of State - Babrak Karmal, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan (1979–1986)
Prime Minister - Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981–1988)

Bahrain

Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)^[8]
Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)^[9]

Bangladesh

President -
#Abdus Sattar, President of Bangladesh (1981–1982)
#Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1982)
#A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, President of Bangladesh (1982–1983)
Prime Minister - Shah Azizur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1979–1982)

Bhutan

Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)

Brunei (British protected state)

High Commissioner - Arthur Christopher Watson, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1978–1984)
Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
Chief Minister - Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Wijaya Dato Haji Abdul Aziz Umar, Acting Chief Minister of Brunei (1981–1983)

Burma

President - San Yu, President of Burma (1981–1988)
Prime Minister - Maung Maung Kha, Prime Minister of Burma (1977–1988)

China (People's Republic of China)

De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping, Paramount leader (late 1970s - early 1990s)
Communist Party Leader - Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1981–1987)^[10]
De facto Head of State - Ye Jianying, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China (1978–1983)
Premier - Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the State Council of China (1980–1987)

Hong Kong (British crown colony)

Governor -
# Sir Murray MacLehose, Governor of Hong Kong (1971–1982)
# Sir Philip Haddon-Cave, Acting Governor of Hong Kong (1982)
# Sir Edward Youde, Governor of Hong Kong (1982–1986)

India

President -
# Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India (1977–1982)
# Zail Singh, President of India (1982–1987)
Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1980–1984)

Indonesia

President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)

Iran

Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
President - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)

Iraq

President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979–1991)

Israel

President - Yitzhak Navon, President of Israel (1978–1983)
Prime Minister - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel (1977–1983)

Japan

Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister -
#Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (1980–1982)
#Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan (1982–1987)

Jordan

Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
Prime Minister - Mudar Badran, Prime Minister of Jordan (1980–1984)

Kampuchea

Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (1981–1991)
Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979–1992)
Premier - Chan Sy, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1981–1984)

North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)

Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
Premier - Li Jong-ok, Premier of the Council of Ministers of North Korea (1977–1984)

South Korea (Republic of Korea)

President - Chun Doo-hwan, President of South Korea (1980–1988)
Prime Minister -
# Nam Duck-woo, Prime Minister of South Korea (1980–1982)
# Yoo Chang-soon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1982)
# Kim Sang-hyup, Prime Minister of South Korea (1982–1983)

Kuwait

Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)^[11]
Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)^[12]

Laos

Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975–1992)
President - Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975–1991)
Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975–1991)

Lebanon

President -
# Elias Sarkis, President of Lebanon (1976–1982)
# Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982–1988)
Prime Minister - Shafik Wazzan, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1980–1984)

Macau (overseas province of Portugal)

Governor - Vasco de Almeida e Costa, Governor of Macau (1981–1986)

Malaysia

Monarch - Sultan Ahmad, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1979–1984)
Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)

Maldives

President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)

Mongolia -

Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
Head of State - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1974–1984)
Premier - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1974–1984)

Nepal

Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
Prime Minister - Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (1979–1983)

Oman

Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)

Pakistan

President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978–1988)
Head of Government - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan (1977–1985)

Philippines

President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
Prime Minister - Cesar Virata, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1981–1986)

Qatar

Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)^[13]

Saudi Arabia

Monarch -
# Khalid, King of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
# Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
Prime Minister -
# Khalid, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1975–1982)
# Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)

Singapore

President - Devan Nair, President of Singapore (1981–1985)
Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)^[14]

Sri Lanka

President - J. R. Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)

Syria

President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
Prime Minister - Abdul Rauf al-Kasm, Prime Minister of Syria (1980–1987)

Taiwan (Republic of China)

President - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of Taiwan (1978–1988)
Premier - Sun Yun-suan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1978–1984)

Thailand

Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
Prime Minister - Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980–1988)

Turkey

President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1980–1989)
Prime Minister - Bülend Ulusu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1980–1983)

United Arab Emirates

President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979–1990)

Vietnam

Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
Head of State - Trường Chinh, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1981–1987)
Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (1955–1987)^[15]

North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)

President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of North Yemen (1978–2012)^[16]
Prime Minister - Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1980–1983)

South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)

Communist Party Leader - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party (1980–1986)
Head of State - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council of South Yemen (1980–1986)
Prime Minister - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1985)

Europe

Albania

Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
Head of State -
# Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
# Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)

Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
Co-Prince's Representative -
# René Lalouette (1980–1982)
# Henri Benoît de Coignac (1982–1984)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
First Syndic - Estanislau Sangrà Font, First Syndic of Andorra (1978–1982)
Prime Minister - Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1982–1984)

Austria

President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1970–1983)

Belgium

Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)

Bulgaria

Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
Premier - Grisha Filipov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1981–1986)

Cyprus

President - Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977–1988)
Northern Cyprus (invaded by Turkey)
President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
Prime Minister - Mustafa Çağatay, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1978–1985)

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)

Denmark

Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
Prime Minister -
# Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1975–1982)
# Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)

Finland

President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1981–1994)
Prime Minister -
# Mauno Koivisto, Prime Minister of Finland (1979–1982)
# Eino Uusitalo, Acting Prime Minister of Finland (1981–1982)
# Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1982–1987)

France

President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
Prime Minister - Pierre Mauroy, Prime Minister of France (1981–1984)

East Germany (German Democratic Republic)

Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

President - Karl Carstens, Federal President of West Germany (1979–1984)
Chancellor -
# Helmut Schmidt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)
# Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)^[17]
West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
Governing Mayor - Richard von Weizsäcker, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1981–1984)

Greece

President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1980–1985)
Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989)

Hungary

Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
Premier - György Lázár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)

Iceland

President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
Prime Minister - Gunnar Thoroddsen, Prime Minister of Iceland (1980–1983)

Ireland

President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
Prime Minister -
#Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland (1981–1982)
#Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1982)
#Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland (1982–1987)

Italy

President - Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (1978–1985)
Prime Minister -
# Giovanni Spadolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1981–1982)
# Amintore Fanfani, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1982–1983)

Liechtenstein

Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)

Luxembourg

Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
Prime Minister - Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1979–1984)

Malta

President -
#Albert Hyzler, Acting President of Malta (1981–1982)
#Agatha Barbara, President of Malta (1982–1987)
Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971–1984)

Monaco

Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
Head of Government - Jean Herly, Minister of State of Monaco (1981–1985)

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
Netherlands (constituent country)
Prime Minister -
#Dries van Agt, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1977–1982)
#Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
see under North America

Norway

Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
Prime Minister - Kåre Willoch, Prime Minister of Norway (1981–1986)

Poland

Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981–1989)
Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
Premier - Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1981–1985)

Portugal

President - António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal (1976–1986)
Prime Minister - Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Prime Minister of Portugal (1981–1983)

Romania

Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
Premier -
# Ilie Verdeţ, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1979–1982)
# Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1982–1989)

San Marino

Captains Regent -
#Mario Rossi and Ubaldo Biordi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1981–1982)
#Giuseppe Maiani and Marino Venturini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1982)
#Libero Barulli and Maurizio Gobbi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1982–1983)

Soviet Union

Communist Party Leader -
# Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
# Yuri Andropov, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1982–1984)
Head of State -
# Leonid Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1977–1982)
# Vasili Kuznetsov, Acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1982–1983)
Premier - Nikolai Tikhonov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1980–1985)

Spain

Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
Prime Minister -
#Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, President of the Government of Spain (1981–1982)
#Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)

Sweden

Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
Prime Minister -
#Thorbjörn Fälldin, Prime Minister of Sweden (1979–1982)
#Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1982–1986)

Switzerland

Federal Council:^[18]
: Kurt Furgler (1971–1986), Willy Ritschard (1973–1983), Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982), Georges-André Chevallaz (1973–1983), Fritz Honegger (1978–1982, President), Pierre Aubert (1978–1987), Leon Schlumpf (1979–1987), Alphons Egli (1982–1986), Rudolf Friedrich (1982–1984)

United Kingdom

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Peter Le Cheminant, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1980–1985)
Bailiff -
# Sir John Loveridge, Bailiff of Guernsey (1973–1982)
# Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
Jersey (British Crown dependency)
Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Peter Whiteley, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1979–1985)
Bailiff - Sir Frank Ereaut, Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
Lieutenant Governor - Sir Nigel Cecil, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1980–1985)
Head of Government - Percy Radcliffe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1981–1985)
Gibraltar (British crown colony)
Governor -
# Sir William Jackson, Governor of Gibraltar (1978–1982)
# Sir David Williams, Governor of Gibraltar (1982–1985)
Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)

Vatican City

Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
President of the Governorate - Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1979–1984)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)

Yugoslavia

Communist Party Leader -
# Dušan Dragosavac, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1981–1982)
# Mitja Ribičič, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1982–1983)
Head of State -
# Sergej Kraigher, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1981–1982)
# Petar Stambolić, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1982–1983)
Premier -
# Veselin Đuranović, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1977–1982)
# Milka Planinc, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1982–1986)

North America

Anguilla (British crown colony)

Governor - Charles Harry Godden, Governor of Anguilla (1978–1983)
Chief Minister - Ronald Webster, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1980–1984)

Antigua and Barbuda

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)^[19]
Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)^[20]

The Bahamas

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
Governor-General - Sir Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)^[21]

Barbados

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
Governor-General - Sir Deighton Lisle Ward, Governor-General of Barbados (1976–1984)
Prime Minister - Tom Adams, Prime Minister of Barbados (1976–1985)

Belize

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
Governor-General - Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
Prime Minister - George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1961–1984)^[22]

Bermuda (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir Richard Posnett, Governor of Bermuda (1980–1983)
Premier -
# David Gibbons, Premier of Bermuda (1977–1982)
# John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995)

British Virgin Islands (British crown colony)

Governor -
# James Alfred Davidson, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1978–1982)
# David Robert Barwick, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1982–1986)
Chief Minister - Hamilton Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1979–1983)

Canada

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
Governor General - Edward Schreyer, Governor General of Canada (1979–1984)
Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1980–1984)

Cayman Islands (British crown colony)

Governor -
# Thomas Russell, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1974–1982)
# George Peter Lloyd, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1982–1987)

Costa Rica

President -
#Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President of Costa Rica (1978–1982)
#Luis Alberto Monge, President of Costa Rica (1982–1986)

Cuba

Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)

Dominica

President - Aurelius Marie, President of Dominica (1980–1983)
Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)

Dominican Republic

President -
#Antonio Guzmán Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1978–1982)
#Jacobo Majluta Azar, Acting President of the Dominican Republic (1982)
#Salvador Jorge Blanco, President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986)

El Salvador

Head of State -
# Revolutionary Government Junta, Head of State of El Salvador (1979–1982)
# Álvaro Magaña, President of El Salvador (1982–1984)

Grenada

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
Prime Minister - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983)

Guatemala

Head of State -
# Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President of Guatemala (1978–1982)
# Government Junta, Head of State of Guatemala (1982)
# Efraín Ríos Montt, Chief of State of Guatemala (1982–1983)

Haiti

President - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971–1986)

Honduras

President -
# Policarpo Paz García, Provisional President of Honduras (1978–1982)
# Roberto Suazo Córdova, President of Honduras (1982–1986)

Jamaica

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980–1989)

Mexico

President -
# José López Portillo, President of Mexico (1976–1982)
# Miguel de la Madrid, President of Mexico (1982–1988)

Montserrat (British crown colony)

Governor - David Kenneth Hay Dale, Governor of Montserrat (1980–1984)
Chief Minister - John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1978–1991)

Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Governor - Bernadito M. Leito, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1970–1983)
Prime Minister - Dominico Martina, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1979–1984)

Nicaragua

Head of State - Junta of National Reconstruction, Head of State of Nicaragua (1979–1985)

Panama

De facto leader -
# Florencio Flores Aguilar, Commandant of the National Guard (1981–1982)
# Rubén Darío Paredes, Commandant of the National Guard (1982–1983)
President -
# Aristides Royo, President of Panama (1978–1982)
# Ricardo de la Espriella, President of Panama (1982–1984)

Saint Christopher and Nevis (British associated state)

Governor - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1981–1995)
Premier - Kennedy Simmonds, Premier of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1980–1995)

Saint Lucia

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
Governor-General -
# Boswell Williams, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1980–1982)
# Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1982–1987)
Prime Minister -
# Winston Cenac, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1981–1982)
# Michael Pilgrim, Acting Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982)
# John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)

Prefect -
# Claude Guyon, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1981–1982)
# Philippe Parant, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1982–1983)
President of the General Council - Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
Governor-General - Sir Sydney Gun-Munro, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1976–1985)^[23]
Prime Minister - Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)^[24]

Trinidad and Tobago

President - Sir Ellis Clarke, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1972–1987)^[25]
Prime Minister - George Chambers, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1981–1986)

Turks and Caicos Islands (British crown colony)

Governor -
# John Clifford Strong, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1978–1982)
# Christopher J. Turner, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1982–1987)
Chief Minister - Norman Saunders, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985)

United States of America

President - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981–1989)
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
Governor - Carlos Romero Barceló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1977–1985)
United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
Governor - Juan Francisco Luis, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1978–1987)

Oceania

American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)

Governor - Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1978–1985)

Australia

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
Governor-General -
# Sir Zelman Cowen, Governor-General of Australia (1977–1982)
# Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982–1989)
Prime Minister - Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia (1975–1983)
Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
Administrator -
# Mac Holten, Administrator of Christmas Island (1980-1982)
# William Yates, Administrator of Christmas Island (1982-1983)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
Administrator - Eric Herbert Hanfield, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1982-1983)
Council Chairman - Wahin bin Bynie, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1981-1983)
Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
Administrator -
# Thomas Ferguson Paterson, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1981–1982)
# Raymond Edward Trebilco, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1982–1985)
Chief Minister - David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1979–1986)

Fiji

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
Governor General - Ratu Sir George Cakobau, Governor-General of Fiji (1973–1983)
Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)^[26]

French Polynesia (French overseas territory)

High Commissioner - Paul Noirot-Cosson, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1981–1983)

Guam (Insular area of the United States)

Governor - Paul McDonald Calvo, Governor of Guam (1979–1983)

Kiribati

President -
#Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1979–1982)
#Rota Onorio, Chairman of the Council of State of Kiribati (1982–1983)

Nauru

President - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1978–1986)

New Caledonia (French overseas territory)

High Commissioner -
# Christian Nucci, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1981–1982)
# Jacques Roynette, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1982–1984)

New Zealand

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
Governor-General - Sir David Beattie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1980–1985)
Prime Minister - Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1975–1984)
Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
Queen's Representative - Sir Gaven Donne, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1975–1984)
Prime Minister - Tom Davis, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1978–1983)
Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
Premier - Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
Administrator - Frank Corner, Administrator of Tokelau (1975–1984)

Papua New Guinea

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
Governor-General - Sir Tore Lokoloko, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1977–1983)
Prime Minister -
# Sir Julius Chan, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1980–1982)
# Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1982–1985)

Pitcairn Islands (British crown colony)

Governor - Sir Richard Stratton, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1980–1984)
Magistrate - Ivan Christian, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1975–1984)

Solomon Islands

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
Governor-General - Sir Baddeley Devesi, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978–1988)
Prime Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1981–1984)

Tonga

Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)^[27]
Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)^[28]

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the United States)

High Commissioner - Janet J. McCoy, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1981–1987)
Northern Mariana Islands (autonomous territory)
Governor -
# Carlos S. Camacho, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1978–1982)
# Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1982–1990)
Marshall Islands (autonomous territory)
President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)
Micronesia (autonomous territory)
President - Tosiwo Nakayama, President of Micronesia (1979–1987)
Palau (autonomous territory)
President - Haruo Remeliik, President of Palau (1981–1985)

Tuvalu

Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
Governor-General - Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1978–1986)
Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981–1989)

Vanuatu

President - Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu (1980–1984)
Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)^[29]

Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)

Administrator-Superior - Robert Thil, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1980–1983)
President of the Territorial Assembly - Manuele Lisiahi, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1978–1984)

Western Samoa

Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
Prime Minister -
# Tufuga Efi, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1976–1982)
# Va'ai Kolone, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1982)
# Tufuga Efi, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1982)
# Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1982–1985)

South America

Argentina

President -
#Leopoldo Galtieri, President of Argentina (1981–1982)
#Alfredo Oscar Saint Jean, Interim President of Argentina (1982)
#Reynaldo Bignone, President of Argentina (1982–1983)

Bolivia

President -
#Celso Torrelio, President of Bolivia (1981–1982)
#Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces, Head of State of Bolivia (1982)
#Guido Vildoso, President of Bolivia (1982)
#Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1982–1985)

Brazil

President - João Figueiredo, President of Brazil (1979–1985)

Chile

President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973–1990)

Colombia

President -
#Julio César Turbay Ayala, President of Colombia (1978–1982)
#Belisario Betancur, President of Colombia (1982–1986)

Ecuador

President - Osvaldo Hurtado, President of Ecuador (1981–1984)

Falkland Islands (British crown colony) / (Argentine Military Occupation; 2 April-14 June)

Governor -
# Rex Hunt, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1980–1982)
# Oswaldo Jorge Garcia, Interim Argentine Military Commander of the Falkland Islands (1982)
# Mario Benjamín Menéndez, Argentine Military Commander of the Falkland Islands (1982)
# Jeremy Moore, British Military Commander of the Falkland Islands (1982)
# Sir Rex Hunt, Civil Commissioner of the Falkland Islands (1982–1985)

Guyana

President - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (1980–1985)
Prime Minister - Ptolemy Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana (1980–1984)

Paraguay

President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)

Peru

President - Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1980–1985)
Prime Minister -
# Manuel Ulloa Elías, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1980–1982)
# Fernando Schwalb López Aldana, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1982–1984)

Suriname

De facto leader - Dési Bouterse, Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1988)
President -
#Hendrick Chin A Sen, President of Suriname (1980–1982)
#Fred Ramdat Misier, Acting President of Suriname (1982–1988)
Prime Minister -
#Hendrick Chin A Sen, Prime Minister of Suriname (1980–1982)
#Henry Neyhorst, Prime Minister of Suriname (1982)

Uruguay

President - Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, President of Uruguay (1981–1985)

Venezuela

President - Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (1979–1984)

References

1. ^Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
2. ^Mauritius only became independent in 1968.
3. ^Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
4. ^Ciskei was only declared to be independent in 1981, before independence Lennox Sebe was titled Chief Minister.
5. ^Venda was only declared to be independent in 1979.
6. ^Swaziland only became independent in 1968, until when Sobhuza II was titled Paramount Chief of Swaziland.
7. ^Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
8. ^Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
9. ^Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
10. ^Hu Yaobang was Chairman of the Communist Party of China 1981-1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China 1980-1987, but the latter post only became the top position of the party on 12 September 1982.
11. ^In exile between 1990 and 1991.
12. ^In exile between 1990 and 1991.
13. ^Qatar only became independent in 1971.
14. ^Singapore only became independent in 1965.
15. ^Prime minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.
16. ^Ali Abdullah Saleh became President of Yemen upon unification in 1990.
17. ^Helmut Kohl was Chancellor of unified Germany from 1990.
18. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
19. ^Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
20. ^Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
21. ^The Bahamas only became independent in 1973.
22. ^Belize only became independent in 1981.
23. ^Saint Vincent and the Grenadines only became independent in 1979, until then Sir Sydney Gun-Munro was titled Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
24. ^Saint Vincent and the Grenadines only became independent in 1979.
25. ^Ellis Clarke was titled Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago between 1972 and 1976 under the monarchy.
26. ^Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
27. ^Tonga only became independent in 1970.
28. ^Tonga only became independent in 1970.
29. ^Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.