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词条 List of subcamps of Neuengamme
释义

  1. At the main camp

  2. In Hamburg

  3. Outside of Hamburg

  4. Construction labor brigades

  5. Further names

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. External links

{{dynamic list}}

Below is an incomplete list of SS subcamps of Neuengamme camp system operating from 1938 until 1945. The Neuengamme concentration camp established by the SS in Hamburg, Germany, became a massive Nazi concentration camp complex using prisoner forced labour for production purposes in World War II. Some 99 SS subcamps were part of the Neuengamme camp system,[1] with up to 106,000 inmates.[2] The number of prisoners per location ranged from more than 5,000 to only a dozen at a work site. Beginning in 1942, inmates of Neuengamme were also transported to the camp Arbeitsdorf. "Toward the ends of the war three times more prisoners were in satellite camps than in the main camp" wrote Dr. Garbe of the Neuengamme Memorial Museum.[3] Several of the subcamps have memorials or plaques installed, but as of 2000, there was nothing at 28 locations.[3]

The inmates were forced to work under grueling conditions in various locations across northern Germany; often transported between subcamps and specific job sites. Due to subsequent demolition of the Neuengamme camp system by the SS in 1945 including its records, the historical work is difficult and still incomplete.[4] For example, in 1967, the German Federal Ministry of Justice suggested that the camp operated from 1 September 1938 until 5 May 1945 and became part of the Sachsenhausen in June 1940.[5] The Neuengamme Memorial organization (German: KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme), an establishment of the Hamburg Ministry of Culture, Sports and Media, stated in 2008 that the empty camp was explored by British forces on 2 May 1945 and the last inmates were liberated in Flensburg on 10 May 1945.[6] According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the camp was established on 13 December 1938 and liberated on 4 May 1945.[2] Throughout World War II, millions of prisoners died in Nazi labour camps through mistreatment, disease, starvation and overwork, or were executed as unfit for labour. At Neuengamme, 1,700 people died each month in winter of 1944-1945, more than 50,000 in total.[2]

At the main camp

  1. Canalize of the Dove Elbe, a branch of the Elbe river: Elbekommando
  2. Klinkerwerk (brick factory) of the DEST
  3. Lagergärtnerei (camp plant nursery)
  4. Tongruben (clay cavities)
  5. Manufacturing plant of the Walther-Werke
  6. Armament factories of Messap and Jastram

In Hamburg

Subcamps and working locations in Hamburg proper sorted by name.

Camp NameLocationTypeDates of useEst. prisoners[7]Est. deaths[7]No.[8]
Blohm + Voss Hamburg-Steinwerder 1 July 1944 – 21 April 1945550
Bullenhuser Damm Men 1 October 1944 – 21 April 19451,000552

Dessauer Ufer		 Hamburg-Veddel Men
 – 22 April 1945557

Dessauer Ufer		 Hamburg-Veddel Women
 20 June 1944 – 30 September 1944556
Eidelstedt 1 March 1944 – 1 May 1945553
Finkenwerder,
Deutsche Werft		 – 30 April 1945554
Fuhlsbüttel Am Hasenberge 26 Prison 1 January 1943 – 8 May 1945556
Howaldtswerke,
Hamburg		558
Langenhorn 12 September 1944 – 4 April 1945ca 750> 9559
Neugraben Women 13 September 1944 – 8 February 1945500560
Poppenbüttel Working location for Sasel1161
Sasel Women 1 August 1944 – 4 May 1945500> 36561
Spaldingstraße Hammerbrook October 1944 – 17 April 1945562
Stülckenwerft Steinwerder – 15 April 1945563
Hamburg-Tiefstack Women 8 February 1945 – 5 April 1945500564
Wandsbek 2 May 1944 – 3 May 1945565
Wilhelmsburg
Jung-Ölindustrie		566

Outside of Hamburg

Subcamps of Neuengamme in alphabetical order. Using the political division of Germany of the year 2000, there were at least 34 subcamps in Lower Saxony, 9 in Bremen, 9 in Schleswig-Holstein, 6 in North Rhine-Westphalia, 5 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 3 in Saxony-Anhalt, and 1 in Brandenburg.[3] Also, four subcamps were located in Alderney, occupied Channel Islands, British Commonwealth.

Camp NameLocationTypeDates of use[8]Est. # of prisoners[7]Est. # of deaths[7]Related subjectNo.[8]Source[9]
Alderney camps or Camp Alderney See SS–Baubrigade I Lager Norderney & Lager Sylt Jan 1942 - Jun 19446,0007006a,[10][11]
Alt Garge[7]
Alt-Garge a.d.Elbe[8]		 Near Bleckede Later used as Alt-Garge UNRRA displaced persons camp,
a camp for Latvian displaced persons		 24 August 1944 – 15 February 194515
Aurich
District Aurich		 21 October 1944 – 23 December 19442,00018851
Bad Sassendorf SS–Eisenbahnbaubrigade 11
Barkhausen a part of Porta Westfalica 18 March 1944 – 1 April 194577
Blumenthal See Bremen-Blumenthal142
Boizenburg
(District Hagenow, Bezirk Schwerin (old))		 – 30 April 1945150
Braunschweig,
Camp Büssing-Schillstrasse		 (Brunswiek) Büssing–NAG 17 August 1944 – 26 March 1945800> 380165  
Braunschweig,
SS–Reitschule		 Brunswiek,
SS – Riding school		167
Braunschweig,
Stahlwerke		 Brunswiek
Steel factory		 See Watenstedt168
Braunschweig,
Truppenwirtschaft		 Brunswiek
Military depot		169
Bremen-Blumenthal
Deschimag		 1 September 1944 – 20 April 1945176
Bremen, Behelfswohnbau Temporary housebuilding – 26 April 1945175
Bremen, Borgwardwerke Borgward factory – 12 October 1944176
Bremen, Deschimag,
Camp Schützenhof		 – 11 April 1945178
Bremen-Farge 1 July 1943 – 8 April 1945179    
Bremen-Neuenland 16 Aug 1944 – 28 Nov 1944181
Bremen-Obernheide  Women 26 Sep 1944 – 4 Apr 1945800 1085 [12]
Bremen-Osterort 28 Nov 1944 –1,000183
Bremen-Vegesack – 30 Sep 1944184
Darß - Wieck January 1941 – end-February 1941[7]50
Darß - Zingst, Germany
Dalum camp|de|3=Emslandlager Dalum|lt=Dalum}}
District Meppen		 Command from Meppen-Versen[7] – 25 March 1945260
Drütte
Municipality Watenstedt-Salzgitter		 1 September 1942 – 8 April 19453,100316  
Düssin / Mecklenburg Men / agricultural work 15 September 1944[7] – 1 March 1945801328
Eisleben
Command from Helmstedt-Beendorf		 Men346a
Fallersleben
Women camp		 Volkswagen[7] Aug 1944[7] – 8 April 1945650387
Fallersleben-Laagberg
(also Laagberg)		 Volkswagen[7] 31 May 1944[7] – 8 April 1945800794
Glasau
District Segeberg		 29 March 1945 – 2 May 1945466
Goslar SS–Bauleitung Goslar (Not Goslar subcamp to Buchenwald) 20 October 1944 – 25 March 1945151484
Gross-Hesepe
District Meppen		 Command from Meppen-Versen[7] – 25 March 1945504
Hannover-Ahlem 30 November 1944 – 11 April 1945568
Hannover-Limmer – 7 April 1945570
Hannover-Linden (Mülhenberg-Hannover) – 7 April 1945571
Hannover-Misburg Men 26 June 1944[7] – 7 April 19451,000572
Hannover-Stöcken
Accumulatorenwerk		 19 July 1943 – 8 April 1945573
Hannover-Stöcken
Continental-Werke		 7 September 1944 – 30 November 1944574
Hausberge an der Porta a part of Porta Westfalica 1 February 1945 – 1 April 1945585
Helmstedt–Beendorf women
underground armaments industry		 – 10 April 19452,500596  
Hildesheim – 6 April 1945608
Hohwacht See Lütjenburg[7]
Horneburg Philips-Valvo-Röhrenwerke[7] a) Mid-October 1944 – mid-February 1945[7]
b) 24 February 1945 – 8 April 1945[7]
– 31 March 1945		a) 250
b) 300		636
Husum-Schwesing 25 September 1944 – 22 December 1944 643  
Kaltenkirchen Building a "Fliegerhorst" (Military airport)[7] August 1944[7] – 17 April 1945500> 214693  
Kiel Clearing up work[7] July 1944 – September 1944[7]50727
Ladelund Near Flensburg 1 November 1944 – 16 December 19442,000> 301796  
Langenhagen
Province Hanover		 2 October 1944 – 15 April 1945808
Lengerich
District Tecklenburg		 – 1 April 1945200> 7838
Lerbeck a part of Porta Westfalica 1 October 1944 – 1 April 1945843
Lübberstedt
District Wesermünde		 Women August 1944[7] – 30 April 1945500883
Lütjenburg Men – 30 March 1945197893
Ludwigslust See Wöbbelin
Meppen-Versen – 1 April 1945927
Misburg See Hannover-Misburg942
Mölln - Breitenfelde 1 December 1944 – 30 April 194520953
Neesen
District Minden		 Working location for Porta Westfalica1024
Neuhof[42][43]
Neustadt in Holstein December 1944 – 1 May 1945[7]151049
Nutzen[42][43]
Porta Westfalica
near Barkhausen-Lerbeck		 See Barkhausen and see Lerbeck1164
Salzgitter-Bad 1 August 1943 –5001278  
Salzwedel
Province Saxony		 Women 10 July 1944 – 15 April 19451,2501282
Sandbostel 15 April 1945 – Stalag X-B1285  
Schandelah
District Braunschweig		 Now Cremlingen 8 May 1944 – 12 April 19458002001292
Schwesing See Husum-Schwesing
Uelzen Men End 1944 – 17 April 19455001491
Vechelde, Braunschweig Command from Braunschweig, Camp Büssing-Schillstrasse September 1944 – March/April 1945[7]4001509
Verden 8 October 1945 – April 194581515
Warberg
District Helmstedt		 (from Braunschweig, Truppenwirtschaft) 5 June 1944 – 8 January 1945[7]8
Watenstedt
Salzgitter Watenstedt Leinde		 Stahlwerke Braunschweig
Hermann-Göring-Werke		 Men – 30 April 1945 (May 1944 – 7 April 1945[7])2,000[13] Salzgitter#History1540  
Watenstedt
Watenstedt Leinde		 Stahlwerke Braunschweig
Hermann-Göring-Werke		 Women 7 July 1944 – 30 April 1945 (– 7 April 1945[7])800 Salzgitter#History1540  
Wedel (Women) 13 September 1944 – 27 November 19445001541
Wedel (Men) 17 October 1944 – 20 November 1944500> 271541
Wilhelmshaven
Alten Banter Weg		 (Not SS–Baubrigade II) 17 September 1944 – 5 April 19451,2002341582
Wittenberge
(Old: District Wittenberge)		 15 August 1942 (28 August 1942)[7] – 17 February 19455001191587
Wöbbelin
District Ludwigslust		 (Also referred to as Ludwigslust) 12 February 1945 – 2 May 1945 Wöbbelin concentration camp1591
Wolfsburg See Fallersleben Arbeitsdorf (working village)1595

Construction labor brigades

Inmates of concentration camps were centralized in construction labor brigades (German:Baubrigaden), organized by the SS, to clean up after air raids, remove unexploded ordnance devices and bombs, or recover corpses. Some of the brigades worked also at the Friesenwall — part of the Atlantic Wall at the German North Sea coast — and fortifications in German cities e.g. antitank obstacles. Other brigades were placing or repairing rails or railway stations.

Brigade[7]Locations[7]Dates of use[7]Est. prisoners[7]Est. deaths[7]Webpage
SS-Baubrigade I Alderney Building the Lager Sylt 12 March 1943 –1,000100  
SS-Baubrigade II Bremen Clearing up after air raids 12 October 1942 – 15 April 1944750
SS-Baubrigade II Osnabrück Clearing up after air raids 17 October 1942 – May 194325086
SS-Baubrigade II Wilhelmshaven Clearing up after air raids Spring 1943 – November 1943175
SS-Baubrigade II Hamburg-Hammerbrook Clearing up after air raids 7 August 1943 – April 1944930
SS-Baubrigade II Lüneburg-Kaland Diging anti-tank obstacles 12 August 1943 – 13 November 1943155
SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade 11
(Railway building unit)		 Bad Sassendorf near Soest Building rail tracks after air raids 15 February 1945 – 4/5 April 1945

Further names

Names found in some lists, probably mistake in writing or double-listings:

NameSeeNo.[8]Found
Altgarge
Altgarga		 Probably mistake in writing See Alt Garge[14][15]
Arbeitsdorf Autonomous concentration camp Volkswagen[7]29
Aumund Probably double-listing See Bremen-Vegesack[7] No ref[14][15]
SS-Baubrigade 1
SS-Baubrigade 2		 Probably double-listing:
Roman number I = 1, II = 2		 See SS-Baubrigade I or II
Baubrigade V - West No ref
Barskamp No ref[14][15]
Bergstedt No ref[14][15]
Borkum Probably meaning Lager Borkum Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there)
Osterort Probably double-listing See Bremen-Osterort
Bremen-Weser No ref[14][15]
Brink-Hannover No ref[14][15]
Ebensee
(subcamp to Mauthausen)		 Some prisoners from SS-Eisenbahn-Baubrigade 11 were deported to[7]334
Engerhafe Double-listing See Aurich[7]
Fidelstedt Probably mistake in writing
 See Hamburg-Eidelstedt No ref[14][15]
Fliegerhorst Translation for military airport Probably Kaltenkirchen No ref
Fludwigslust Probably mistake in writing
probably double-listing		 See Ludwigslust see: Wöbbelin No ref[14][15]
Glassau bei Sarau Probably mistake in writing See Glasau[14][15]
Gross-Fullen (Village to Meppen) No ref[14][15]
Helgoland Probably meaning Lager Helgoland Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there)
Ibbenbüren No ref
Laasberg Probably mistake in writing See Fallersleben-Laagberg No ref[14][15]
Norderney Probably meaning Lager Norderney Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there)
Minden Maybe Neesen, district Minden No ref[14][15]
Ohldorf Maybe Cemetery Ohlsdorf in Hamburg
working location for SS-Baubrigade II		 No ref[14][15]
Peenemünde or Karlshagen Subcamp to Ravensbrück699
Schützenhof or
Schützenhof-Bremen		 See Bremen, Deschimag, Camp Schützenhof[14][15]
Sollstadt[14][15]
Stöcken-Hannover See Hannover-Stöcken1409
Steinwerder (Quarter of Hamburg) 2 camps, see above[14][15]
Stuklenwert Probably mistake in writing See Stülckenwerft in Hamburg No ref[14][15]
Sylt Probably meaning Lager Sylt Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there)
Veerssen Probably mistake in writing See Meppen-Versen[14][15]
Veleen[14][15]

See also

  • Nazi concentration camp list
  • The Holocaust

Notes

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/en/history/satellite-camps/satellite-camps/| title=Satellite camps and memorials | publisher=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme | date=2013 | accessdate=2013-04-10 | author=Overview}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web| url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005539| title=USHMM| publisher=USHMM| date=2013 | accessdate=2013-04-10 | author=Overview}}
3. ^1 2 {{citation |last=Höhler |first=Hans-Joachim |year=2000 |title=Gedenkstätten für die Opfer des KZ Neuengamme und seiner Außenlager |location=Neuengamme |publisher=Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neuengamme and KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme}} {{de icon}} {{en icon}} {{fr icon}} {{ru icon}}
4. ^{{Citation |title=Etappen der Lagerräumung |url=http://staging3.hauptsache.net/?id=550#1511 |author=Staff |publisher=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme |accessdate=2008-09-26 |language=de |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928223659/http://staging3.hauptsache.net/?id=550#1511 |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }}
5. ^{{Citation |author=Staff |title= Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG |publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz |date=1967-02-23 |accessdate=2008-09-26 |url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/begdv_6/BJNR002330967.html}}
6. ^{{Citation |title=Zeittafel |url=http://staging3.hauptsache.net/index.php?id=386 |author=Staff |publisher=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme |accessdate=2008-09-26 |language=de}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Memorial Neuengamme {{de icon}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 Refers to the official German list Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |date=2009-04-23 }} {{de icon}}
9. ^The websites of the memorials are mostly in German.
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/a/alderney/lager_sylt/index.shtml|title=SiteName: Lager Sylt Concentration Camp|date=February 2003|pages=Subterranea Britannica|accessdate=2009-06-06}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.visitalderney.com/history/military.aspx|title=Military History: A very brief history of Alderney|last=Bonnard|first=Brian|accessdate=2009-06-06}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/en/history/satellite-camps/satellite-camps/bremen-obernheide/| title=Bremen-Obernheide | publisher=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme | work=Satellite camps | date=2013 | accessdate=2013-04-10 | author=Overview}}
13. ^Later 5,000 men (Ref: Memorial Neuengamme)
14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Holocaust Revealed {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221235630/http://www.holocaustrevealed.org/_domain/holocaustrevealed.org/Camps/camps2.htm |date=2014-02-21 }}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Concentration Camp Listing

External links

  • http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/en/
  • http://www.gedenkstaetten-uebersicht.de/en/europe/
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neuengamme}}

4 : Hamburg-related lists|Lists of Nazi concentration camps|Nazi concentration camps in Germany|Neuengamme concentration camp
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