1. ^BDSM sources* {{cite journal | title = Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey | journal = Journal of Sexual Medicine | author = Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, Chris E. Rissel, Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith | volume = 5 | issue = 7 |date=July 2008 | pages = 1660–1668 | doi = 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x | pmid = 18331257 }}* {{cite book | title = Principles and practice of sex therapy | author = Sandra R. Leiblum | publisher = Guilford Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-59385-349-5 | pages = 380, 405 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IoG26ZJ-gkkC&pg=PA380&vq=bdsm+subculture }}
2. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA295&vq=beat 295]. Chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
3. ^{{Cite book |title= Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa |author= Theodore Trefon |edition= illustrated |publisher= Zed Books |year= 2004 |isbn= 978-1-84277-491-5 |page= 138 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/09/synthetic-biologys-new-menagerie |title=Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie |last1=Xue |first1=Katherine |date=2014 |website= |access-date=25 May 2015 |quote=}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/03/20/becoming-ourselves/ |title=Becoming Ourselves |last1=Haywire |first1=Rachel |date=20 March 2012 |website= |access-date=25 May 2015 |quote=}}
6. ^Sources for Boispedink: {{cite book | title = Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction | author = Alan M. Klein | publisher = SUNY Press | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-7914-1559-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ax2426Kw0C&pg=PA6&vq=subculture }}* {{cite journal | journal = Amsterdams sociologisch tijdschrift | title = Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy | author = KOERT W. | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 276–294, 324 | issn = 0921-4933 | date = March 28, 1988 | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2454011 }}* {{cite book | title = Contemporary Issues in Sociology of Sport |author1=Andrew Yiannakis |author2=Merrill J. Melnick | publisher = Human Kinetics | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-7360-3710-5 | pages = 413–425 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NNuDZJtRweUC&pg=PA413&vq=bodybuilding+subculture }}
7. ^Sources* {{cite book | title = Inside Greenwich Village: A New York City Neighborhood, 1898-1918 | author = Gerald W. McFarland | publisher = University of Massachusetts Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-1-55849-299-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0_yDbFQjwaoC&pg=PP4&vq=bohemian+bohemianism+subculture | page = 4 | location = Amherst, Mass. }}* {{cite book | title= The sociology of youth culture and youth subcultures: sex and drugs and rock 'n' roll |author= Mike Brake |edition= reprinted |publisher= Routledge |year= 1980 |isbn= 978-0-7100-0364-5 |page= 90 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=V6g9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA90&dq=bohemian+subculture#v=onepage&q=bohemian%20subculture&f=false }}
8. ^{{cite journal | journal = Crime & Delinquency | title = Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan | author = Joachim Kersten | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 277–295 | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1177/0011128793039003002 | url = http://cad.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/3/277 }}
9. ^¹ {{cite journal | journal = Journal of Linguistic Anthropology | title = Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture | author = Isaac Gagné | volume = 18 | issue = 1 |date=June 2008 | doi = 10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/jola/2008/00000018/00000001/art00007 | pages = 130–150(21) | publisher = Blackwell Publishing }}
10. ^{{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}}, pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=MRNlLK6ZlMYC&pg=PA101&vq=subculture 101-102], [https://books.google.com/books?id=MRNlLK6ZlMYC&pg=PA164&vq=subculture 154-184]
11. ^Sources* {{cite book | title=Psychological Development of Deaf Children | author=Marc Marschark | edition=reprint, illustrated | publisher=Oxford University Press US | year=1997 | isbn = 978-0-19-511575-8 | page=20 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-Xi91OINwIC&pg=PA20&vq=Deaf+subculture}}* {{cite book | title=Deafness, Deprivation, and IQ | author=Jeffery P. Braden | edition=illustrated | publisher=Springer | year=1994 | isbn=978-0-306-44686-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9u2t-nrEIIsC&pg=PA49&vq=Deaf+subculture}}
12. ^Sources* {{cite book | last1=Lysloff | first1=René T. A. | last2=Gay | first2=Leslie C. | title=Music and technoculture | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC&pg=PA37&vq=mod+demo+scene&dq=demoscene+subculture | year=2003 | edition=illustrated | publisher=Wesleyan University Press | isbn=978-0-8195-6514-3 | pages=37–38}}* {{cite web | title = Course Description: The Demoscene: An Introduction to Programming and Subcultures | publisher = Columbia College Chicago | url = http://www2.colum.edu/course_descriptions/36-1930J.html }}
13. ^Sources for emo subculture* {{cite book |author1=Shirley R. Steinberg |author2=Priya Parmar |author3=Birgit Richard | publisher = Greenwood Press | isbn = 978-0-313-33729-1 | year = 2006 | accessdate = 2008-08-20 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KgNHAAAAMAAJ&vq=emo+subculture | title = Contemporary Youth Culture: An International Encyclopedia | location = Westport, Conn.}}* {{cite journal | journal = Australasian Psychiatry |author1=Lydia Scott |author2=Anna Chur-Hansen | title = The mental health literacy of rural adolescents: Emo subculture and SMS texting | doi = 10.1080/10398560802027328 | date = 2008-06-02 | url = http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a793644932~db=all | volume = 16 | pages = 359–62 | pmid = 18608151 | issue = 5}}* {{cite news | title = Emotionally challenged | author = Michele Kirsch | work = The Times | date = 2008-07-06 | accessdate = 2008-08-20 | url = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article683312.ece}}* {{cite news |title=Subculture clash among Mexico youth |author=Chris Hawley |work=USA Today |date=2008-04-18 |accessdate=2008-08-20 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-04-14-emo_N.htm}}* {{cite journal |author=Martin, G. |year=2006 |title=Editorial. On suicide and subcultures |journal=Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=1–5 |url=http://www.auseinet.com/journal/vol5iss3/martin.pdf |doi=10.5172/jamh.5.1.1 }}{{cite journal |journal=M/C Journal |author=Ianto Ware |title=Andrew Keen Vs the Emos: Youth, Publishing, and Transliteracy |volume=11 |issue=4 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/41 |date=2008}}
14. ^{{cite book | title = Theorizing fandom : fans, subculture and identity |publisher=Hampton Press |author1=Harris, Cheryl |author2=Alexander, Alison |isbn=978-1-57273-114-1 |year=1998 |url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2023772}}
15. ^{{Cite book |title= Deviance and Liberty: Social Problems and Public Policy |editor= Lee Rainwater |publisher= Aldine Transaction |year= 2011 |isbn= 978-1-4128-1503-1 |chapter= 8. Heads and freaks: patterns and meanings of drug use among hippies |author1=Fred Davis |author2=Laura Munoz |pages= 88–95 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-QmeFSAE8G8C }}
16. ^Sources* {{cite journal | title = James Bond, Peter Pan, and A Sticky Night of Love: Irony and Masculinities in Amateur Animated Videos Journal | journal = The Journal of Men's Studies | publisher = Men's Studies Press | issn = 1060-8265 | issue =2 | volume = 16 | date = Spring 2008 | doi = 10.3149/jms.1602.124 | pages = 124–139 | url = http://mensstudies.metapress.com/content/m7126715uj0qk666/ | quote = (...)sion of images of furries (a subculture of people (...) and other stigmatized identities, such as furries) can be (...) | last1 = Kendall | first1 = Lori }}* {{cite book | title = Hanging out in the virtual pub: masculinities and relationships online | author = Lori Kendall | edition = illustrated | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-520-23038-5 | pages = 45–46 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NMqtEGrumZAC&pg=PA45&vq=furry+furries+antifurry }}
17. ^Sources for glam* {{cite journal | journal = Australian Journal of Cultural Studies | title = Why Doesn't Anyone Write about Glam Rock | author = Jon Stratton | volume = 4 | issue = 1 |date=June 2006 | url = http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn%27t%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm}}* {{cite journal | journal = Jump Cut | title = Fringe cultures | author = Gina Marchetti | issue = 42 |date=December 1998 | url = http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC42folder/FringeCultures.html }}* {{cite book | title = Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture |author1=Peter Childs |author2=Mike Storry | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-415-14726-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2u1yAksuT0QC&pg=PA229&vq=glam+subculture | page = 229 }}* {{ref|goolad|Goodlad}}, pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA6&vq=glam&dq=glam+subculture 6], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA19&vq=glam+subculture 19-20], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA35&vq=glam+subculture 34-35], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA66&vq=glam+subculture_99uA 66], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA78&vq=glam+subculture 78], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA92&vq=glam+subculture 92], [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA259&vq=glam+subculture 259]
18. ^{{cite book | title = Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices | author = Mary Jane Kehily, Open University | edition = illustrated | publisher = SAGE Publications | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4129-3064-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wm71xZpy_ZkC&pg=PA268&vq=gothic+lolita+gothi-loli+subculture | location = London }}
19. ^{{cite book | title = The Routledge Companion to Gothic |author1=Catherine Spooner |author2=Emma McEvoy | publisher = Routledge | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-415-39843-5 | pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=p4fnEHOuZ6UC&pg=PA195&vq=goth+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural 195–196], [https://books.google.com/books?id=p4fnEHOuZ6UC&pg=PA263&vq=goth+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural 263–264] | location = London }}
20. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA91&vq=greasers 91], from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
21. ^Sources* {{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}},pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=MRNlLK6ZlMYC&pg=PA179&vq=hacker&hl=es&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 179-185]* {{cite book | title = Hacker Culture | author = Douglas Thomas | edition = illustrated | publisher = University of Minnesota Press | page = 141 |date=2002| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xgjHgtL28CAC&pg=PA141&vq=hacker+subculture | isbn = 978-0-8166-3346-3 }}
22. ^Sources* {{cite journal | journal = Qualitative Sociology | title = Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation | author = Jeffrey Arnett |date=December 1993 | doi = 10.1007/BF00989973 | pages = 423–443 | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/w6108m474v72385w/ | volume = 16 | issue = 4}}* {{ref|epstein|Epstein}}, pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddlt04RY9x4C&pg=PA265&vq=heavy+metal+subculture+metalhead viii, 13, 265]
23. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA23&vq=hippie 23] chapter "Introduction to part one, by Ken Gelder* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA91&vq=hippy+hippies 91] from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA106&vq=hippie 106], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA110&vq=hippy+hippies 110-111] from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber;* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA127&vq=hippy+hippies 127] from chapter "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA136&vq=hippy+hippie+hippies 136-137] from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA304&vq=hippy+hippies 304] from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
24. ^{{ref|goolad|Goodlad}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA68&dq=industrial+subculture 68-71]
25. ^Sources* {{cite journal | title = Heavy Metal Carnival and Dis-alienation: The Politics of Grotesque Realism | author = Karen Bettez Halnon | journal = Symbolic Interaction | date = Winter 2006 | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–48 | doi = 10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33 }}* {{cite journal |journal = Critical Sociology | title = Inside Shock Music Carnival: Spectacle as Contested Terrain | author = Karen Bettez Halnon | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 743–779 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1163/1569163042119868 }}
26. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/25/up_for_the_count/ | title = Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture | work = The Boston Globe | author = Billy Baker | date = 2007-03-05 | accessdate = 2008-08-04}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations|url=http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Fashioncore}}
28. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA84&vq=mod 84], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA91&vq=mod 91], from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen;* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA94&vq=mod 94], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA101&vq=mod 101], from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.
29. ^{{cite journal | journal = Australian Journal of Cultural Studies | title = Why doesn't anybody write anything about Glan Rock? | author = Jon Stratton | volume = 4 | issue = 1 |year = 1986 | pages = 15–38 | url = http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn%27t%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm }}
30. ^Sources for nudism:{{cite book | title = Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935 | author = Karl Eric Toepfer | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-520-20663-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvYUZh75WwC&pg=PA31&vq=nudism+subculture | page = 31 }}* {{cite book | title = Human Sex and Sexuality: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition |author1=Edwin B. Steen |author2=James H. Price | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 1988 | isbn = 978-0-486-25544-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&vq=nudism+subculture }} Pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&pg=PA179&vq=nudism+subcultureg 179] [https://books.google.com/books?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&pg=PA194&vq=nudism+subculture 194-196]
31. ^Sources* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages: [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA516&vq=otaku+subculture 516], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA550&vq=otaku+subculture 550]* {{cite book | title = Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture | author = Sandra Buckley | year = 2002 | page = 380 | isbn = 978-0-415-14344-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaHI25bn-kC&pg=PA380&vq=otaku+OR+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural | editor = Taylor & Francis | publisher = Taylor & Francis }}
32. ^Pachuco sources* {{cite book | title = Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture | author = Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh | publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8229-5686-0 | pages = 7,14,227–229,230–232,243 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jxjQdKMDPOYC&pg=PA227&vq=pachuco+subculture | location = Pittsburgh }}* {{cite book | title = Beyond the Body Proper: Reading the Anthropology of Material Life |author1=Margaret M. Lock |author2=Judith Farquhar | publisher = Duke Univ. Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8223-3845-1 | pages = 349, 355 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=65_wXDavMoUC&pg=PA349&vq=pachuco+subculture | location = Durham }}* {{cite book | title = Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-century America | author = Joe Austin |author2=Michael Willard | edition = illustrated | publisher = New York Univ. Press | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8147-0646-6 | page = 153 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dyXC3oyvmqcC&pg=PA153&vq=pachuco+subculture | location = New York }}* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} page: [https://books.google.com/books?id=1jHcXUTNmIwC&pg=PA309&vq=pachuco+subculture 309] from chapter: Black hair/style politics by Kobena Mercer
33. ^{{cite book | title = Handbook of social psychology | author = John D. DeLamater | edition = illustrated | publisher = Springer | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-306-47695-2 | pages = 165–168 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-x4jOgoadvUC&pg=PA165&vq=preppies+subcultures }}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=psychedelia |title=RhymeZone - Psychedelia |date= |website= |access-date=25 May 2015 |quote=}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.memidex.com/psychedelias |title=memidex - Psychedelias |date= |website= |access-date=25 May 2015 |quote=}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.utne.com/community/adventures-through-inner-space-meet-the-psychonauts.aspx |title=Adventures Through Inner Space: Meet the 'Psychonauts' |date=28 November 2000 |website= |access-date=25 May 2015 |quote=}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/06/04/new-designer-drugs |title=New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area |date=4 June 2013 |website= |access-date=25 May 2015 |quote=}}
38. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA84&vq=punk 84] from chapter "Introduction to part two" by Ken Gelder* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA121&vq=punk 121-124], [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA127&vq=punkb_w 127-128] from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA138&vq=punk 138] from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie
39. ^Sources* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}}** chapter "The social logic of subcultural capital" by Sarah Thorton, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA192&vq=rave+subculture+culture 192]** chapter "Moments of Ecstasy: oceanic and ecstatic moments in clubbing [1999]" by Ben Malbon, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA496&vq=rave+subculture+culture 496]** chapter "Amateur manga subculture and the Otaku incident [2000]" by Sharon Kinsella, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA543&vq=rave&dq=rave+subculture+culture 543]* {{cite book | title = Postmodernism and popular culture | author = Angela McRobbie | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Routledge | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0-415-07713-2 | pages = 168–170 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FOhwrt8kjHsC&pg=PA168&vq=rave+subculture }}* {{cite book | title = Gangs and Youth Subcultures: International Explorations | author = Cameron Hazlehurst | editor = Transaction Publishers | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-1-56000-363-2 | pages = 57–60 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JhObWrzxcWIC&pg=PA60&vq=rave+subculture | publisher = Transaction Publishers }}* {{cite book | title = Resituating culture | author = Gavan Titley, Council of Europe. Directorate of Youth and Sport | publisher = Council of Europe | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-92-871-5396-8 | pages = 181, 183–184 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jCdO77_24zcC&pg=PA181&vq=rave+subculture }}* {{cite book | title = Introducing Cultural Studies | author = Brian Longhurst, Gaynor Bagnall, Greg Smith, Garry Crawford, Scott McCracken, Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin | edition = 2, illustrated | publisher = Pearson Education | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-4058-5843-4 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jl2dzvtgvbEC&pg=PA258&dq=rave+subculture+subcultures }}
40. ^Sources* {{ref|goodlad|Goodlad}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA67&vq=riot+grrrl+subculture 67]* {{ref|epstein|Epstein}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddlt04RY9x4C&pg=PA148&vq=grrrl&dq=industrial+subculture+gothic 148-183] Chapter "'Don't need you': Rethinking identity politics and separatism from a grrrl perspective, by Mary Celeste Kearney* {{ref|muggleton|Muggleton}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nqid6rLH_KwC&pg=PA253&vq=riot+grrrl+subculture 253-256]
41. ^¹ {{ref|muggleton|Muggleton}}, pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=G23HPI1ItEIC&pg=PA721&vq=rockabilly+rude+boy 721,728]
42. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA94&vq=rocker 94], [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA109&vq=rocker 109-110] from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA295&vq=rocker 295] from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
43. ^Sources* {{cite book | title = Shared Fantasy | author = Gary Alan Fine | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1983 | pages = 25–38,236–– | isbn = 978-0-226-24944-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rLlLbN0XuSEC&pg=PA25&vq=gamer+subculture }}* {{cite book | title = Reading Stargate SG-1 | author = Stanley W. Beeler, Stan Beeler, Lisa Dickson |author2=Stan Beeler |author3=Lisa Dickson | publisher = I.B. Tauris | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-84511-183-0 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MO30KAzBb_MC&pg=PA189&vq=role+playing+subculture }}
44. ^Sources* {{ref|epstein|Epstein}}, page [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddlt04RY9x4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA100&vq=Rockabilly+subculture 100]* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA103&vq=rudies 103] from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al. (rudies = rude boys)
45. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA90&vq=scooter+subculture 90], from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA131&vq=scooter+subculture 131] from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
46. ^Sources for Scouting* {{cite book |title="On my honour": Guides and Scouts in interwar Britain, Volume 92, Part 2 |author=Tammy M. Proctor |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-87169-922-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4y0LAAAAIAAJ&dq=scout+subculture}}
47. ^¹ {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA294&vq=skinhead+subculture 294], from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA339&vq=skinhead+subculture 339], from chapter "Tattoo enthusiasts. Subculture or figuration? (2003)" by Michael Atkinson* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA370&vq=skinhead+subculture 370-381], from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA471&vq=skinhead+subculture 471], chapter "Communities and scenes in popular music (1991)" by Will Straw
48. ^{{cite news | title = The Skinheads | work = Time | date = 1970-06-08 | accessdate = 2008-09-27 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid=googlep }}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030213606/http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html |archivedate=2010-10-30 |df= }} Soulboy
50. ^Sources for steampunk* {{cite news | work= IEEE Spectrum |title= The steampunk contraptors |author= Erico Gizzo |issue= 10.08 vol 45 number 10 |url= http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=04635034 }}* {{cite news| author = La Ferla, Ruth | publisher = New York Times | title = Steampunk Moves Between 2 Worlds | date = 2008-05-08 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/08/fashion/08PUNK.html?ex=1210824000&en=37050ac6c0c4b37f&ei=5070 | accessdate=2009-01-16}}* {{cite journal | journal= E-compos Revista da Associação Nacional Dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação |title= Visões Perigosas: Para uma genealogia do cyberpunk |language= portuguese | series= 6 |date= August 2006 |page= 7 |volume= Estudos Culturais |url= http://www.compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/view/81/81 }}* {{cite journal |journal= Famecos |title= Subculturas e cibercultura(s): para uma genealogia das identidades de um campo |author= Adriana Amaral |issue= 37 |date= December 2008 |page= footnote 13 in page 6 |language= portuguese |url= http://revcom2.portcom.intercom.org.br/index.php/famecos/article/view/5553/5037}}
51. ^Sources for swinging* {{cite journal | journal = Social Problems | title = The Emergence of Middle-Class Deviant Subcultures: The Case of Swingers | author = Mary Lindenstein Walshok ‌| volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 488–495 |date=April 1971 | doi = 10.1525/sp.1971.18.4.03a00060 }}* {{cite book | title = Family Life in 20th-Century America |author1=Marilyn Coleman |author2=Lawrence H. Ganong |author3=Kelly Warzinik | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-313-33356-9 | pages = 276–278 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8Bj3FhBVNSYC&pg=PA276&vq=swinging+subculture }}
52. ^Sources* {{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages** [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA84&vq=Teenybopper 84] from chapter "Introduction to part two" by Ken Gelder** [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA111&vq=Teenybopper 111-112] from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber* {{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=V6g9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA143&vq=teenybopper+subculture | title = The Sociology of Youth Culture and Youth Subcultures | author = Mike Brake | publisher = Routledge and Kegan Paul | year = 1980 | isbn = 978-0-7100-0364-5 | page = 143 | location = London}}
53. ^{{ref|ken_gelder|Ken Gelder}} pages* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA98&vq=teddy+subculture 98], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA101&vq=teddy+subculture 101], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA102&vq=teddy+subculture 102] from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA105&vq=teddy+subculture 105], [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA107&vq=teddy+subculture 107] from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber* [https://books.google.com/books?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA126&vq=teddy+subculture 126] from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA161&vq=teddy 161-162] from chapter "Symbols of trouble" by Stanley Cohen* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA273&vq=teddy 273] from chapter "Introduction to part five" by Ken Gelder* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA284&vq=teddy 284-287] from chapter "Fashion and revolt (1963)" by T.R. Fyvel* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA309&vq=teddy 309] from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer* [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA367&vq=teddy 367], [https://books.google.com/books?id=USl1G-903EwC&pg=PA372&vq=teddy 372] from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
54. ^Trekkie sources* {{cite web |author1=Chamberlain, Daniel Luke |author2=Alexander, Malcolm Laurence | title = Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results | year = 2005 | publisher = The Sociological Association of Australia | work = TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings | url = http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/handle/10072/2442?mode=full | quote = The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the OED. }}* {{ref|bell_2001|bell 2001}} page [https://books.google.com/books?id=MRNlLK6ZlMYC&pg=PA167&vq=star+trek+trekkie 167–169]* {{cite journal | journal = Journal of Consumer Research | title = Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek's Culture of Consumption | author = Robert V. Kozinets | volume = 28 |date=June 2001 | issue = 1 | doi = 10.1086/321948 | pages = 67–88 }}
55. ^Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".
56. ^{{cite book |last1= Herman |first1=Andrew|first2=Thomas|last2=Swiss |date= 2014-04-08|title=The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W85QAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=warez+subculture |location= |page=103 |isbn= 9781135205126|access-date=25 May 2015 }}
57. ^Zazou sources* {{cite book | title = French Frenzies: A Social History of Pop Music in France | author = Larry Portis | publisher = Virtualbookworm.com | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-58939-547-3 | page = 103 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QNi4KH0yYYgC&pg=PA103&vq=zazou+subculture | location = College Station, TX }}* {{cite book | title = Fashion and Its Social Agendas: Class, Gender, and Identity in Clothing | author = Diana Crane | edition = illustrated | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-226-11799-7 | page = 183 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vphcHONAXmwC&pg=RA1-PA183&vq=zazou+subculture | location = Chicago }}* {{cite book | title = Beckett and Poststructuralism | author = Anthony Uhlmann | publisher = Cambridge Univ. Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-521-64076-3 | pages = 56–57 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jYeqHnyuk6QC&pg=PA56&vq=zazou+subculture | location = Cambridge }}