“List of titles and names of Krishna”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Krishna ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|ɪ|ʃ|n|ə}}; Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|कृष्ण}}, {{IAST|Kṛṣṇa}} in IAST, pronounced {{IPA-sa|ˈkɽɪʂɳɐ||Krishna.ogg}}) is a Hindu deity, worshipped across many traditions of Hinduism in a variety of different perspectives. He is arguably one of the most enigmatic figures in World prehistory and mythology. Historically, Krishna as Vasudeva Govinda Krishna Shauri of the Vrishnis was the monarch of Dwaraka, a submerged island-state off coast modern Gujarat, India. In the Hindu Pantheon Krishna is recognized as the complete and eighth avatar of the God Vishnu or as the Supreme God swayam bhagwan (supreme personality of godhead) in his own right. Krishna is one of the most widely revered and popular of all Hindu deities. As one of the most popular of all Hindu deities, Krishna has absorbed many regionally significant deities such as Jagannatha in Odisha or Vithoba in Maharashtra. Srimad Bhagavatam names Krishna's eternal abode as Goloka. He is often described as a child, an infant eating butter, a toddler being tied to a mortar (Damodara) by his Mother, a young boy playing a flute as in the Bhagavata Purana (a.k.a. Srimad Bhagavatam),^[1] an adolescent cowherd tending to cows, a young man along with Radha ({{IAST|Rādhārānī}}), a householder romancing any of his multiple wives, a king dispensing royal duties, a diplomat initiating both war and peace for greater good, as a middle-aged friend and charioteer to Arjuna or as an elder giving direction and guidance to Arjuna in the form of Spiritual discourse as in the Bhagavad Gita.^[2] In Bagwat Gita (4:13) Krishna says, "Chatur varnyam maya srishtam" meaning that Krishna himself created the caste system (varnashrama dharma).The stories of Krishna appear across a broad spectrum of Hindu philosophical and theological traditions.^[3] They portray him in various perspectives: a lovable infant, a god-child, a prankster, a cowherd, a model lover, a divine hero, a Diplomat, a King, a Kingmaker, a selfless friend, a philosopher and the Supreme Being swayam bhagwan.^[4] The principal scriptures discussing Krishna's story are the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Vishnu Purana. The Vishnu Sahasranama, the list of Vishnu's thousand names also includes many of the above-mentioned names including Sri Krishna.

108 names and titles from the Gaudiya Vaishnavism tradition

According to aryabhatt.com, the 108 names of Krishna include:^[5]

Achyuta

Aditya

Akshara

Ananta

Aniruddha

Chaturbhuj

Devesh

Gopal

Govinda

Hari

Hiranyagarbha

Janarthanan

Jagannath

Keev

Keshava

Krishna

Madhusudan

Mahendra

Narayana

Niranjana

Paramatma

Prajapati

Sudarshana

Sumedha

Vasudev

Vishwakarma

Vishwarupa

Yogi

Names in general use

Name

Meaning

Name

Meaning

Name

Meaning

Achala (अचल)

Baby

Achyuta (अच्युत)

Infallible

Avyukta

Crystal clear one

Banke Bihari (बाँके बिहारि)

corrupt form of Van Ke Vihari (वन के विहारि) which means one who loves to sport in the forests particularly Vrindavan

Bihari (बिहारी)

One who plays

Bhaktavatsara

One who uplifts his devotees

Brajesha (ब्रजेश)

Lord of Braja

Chakradhara (चक्रधर)

the bearer of a discus (chakra)

Damodara (दामोदर)

the Lord when He was tied with a cord (dama) round His waist (udara)

Dinabandhu (दीनबंधु)

Friend of the afflicted

Dinanatha (दीननाथ)

Refuge of destitutes

Dwarakadisha (द्वारकाधीश)

Lord of Dwaraka

Dwarakanatha (द्वारकानाथ)

Lord of Dwaraka

Ghanshyam (घनश्याम)

Dark rain cloud complexioned one

Giridhari (गिरिधारि)

he who lifted a hill (Govardhana hill)

Gopala (गोपाल)

cowherd; protector of cows (more accurately protector of life)

Gopinatha (गोपीनाथ)

Lord of the gopis, or cowherd women.

Govinda (गोविंद)

protector of cows; also connected with Govardhana hill; see also other meanings.

Govindaraja

King of the cow protectors

Guruvayurappan

Lord of the Guruvayoor, the city of Guru Brihaspati and Vayu.

Hari (हरि)

one who takes away the sins, or who wards off samsara, the cycle of birth and death

Ishvara (ईश्वर)

god

Hrushikesha (हृषिकेश)

"lord of the senses".^[6]

Jagannatha (जगन्नाथ)

lord of all places (see also Juggernaut)

Janardana (जनार्दन)

One Who Bestows Boons On One and All

Kaladeva (कालदेव)

the black deity

Kalmashaheena

the sinless one

Kanhaji or Kanhaiya (कान्हाजी, कन्हैया)

Kanhaji(कान्हाजी) means that we are able to lean on Him, to share our burdens with Him and to be closer to Him."

Keshava (केशव)

long haired, beautiful haired; see also other meanings

Kunj Bihari (कुंज बिहारी) || enjoyer of lakes^[7]^[8]

Madana Mohana (मदन मोहन)

Bewilderer of Cupid (Madana)

Madhava (माधव)

The one from the yadava race

Madhusudanah

killer of demon Madhu

Manikantha (मणिकंठ )

Krishna used wear Kaustubha Mani. Hence he also is called Manikantha

Murari

killer of the asura named Mura

Mukhilan

The one with the complexion similar to the rain clouds

Mukunda (मुकुंद)

He who gives liberation

Nandagopala (नंदगोपाल)

Beloved cowherd

Nandalal (नन्दलाल)

Beloved of Nanda

Orrish (औरिश)

A prince who leads people without title through his aura of good deeds

Panduranga

The White Lord of Pandharpur

Parambrahman

the highest Brahman

Parameshvara

the highest Ishvara, the highest god

Parambrahman

the highest Brahman

Parameshvara

the highest Ishvara, the highest god

Parthasarathi (पर्थसारथि)

charioteer of Partha, another name of Arjuna, a reference to his role with regard to Arjuna in the great battle

Patitapavana (पतितपवन)

Purifier of the fallen

Radhaavallabha (राधावल्लभ)

lover of Radha

Rajagopala

King of Cowherds

Ranchhodrai

One refused to fight the war and fled to Dwarka for the sake of peace.

Shyamasundara

Black and Beautiful

Santhana

The sweet child

SanathanaSarathy

The eternal spiritual charioteer

Shauri

Descendent of Shurasena

Vāsudeva, Krishna Vasudeva (वासुदेव, कृष्ण वासुदेव)

son of Vasudeva

Yadunandana

Son of the Yadu dynasty

Yogeshwara (योगेश्वर)

the Lord of the Yogis

Yashoda Nandana (यशोदा नंदन)

child of Yashoda

Notes

1. ^{{Harvnb|Knott|2000|p=56}}
2. ^{{Harvnb|Knott|2000|loc=p. 36, p. 15}}
3. ^{{cite journal |author = Richard Thompson, Ph.D. |date = December 1994 |title = Reflections on the Relation Between Religion and Modern Rationalism |url = http://content.iskcon.com/icj/1_2/12thompson.html |accessdate = 2008-04-12 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110104040530/http://content.iskcon.com/icj/1_2/12thompson.html |archivedate = 2011-01-04 |df = }}
4. ^{{cite journal| author = Mahony, W.K. | year = 1987 | title = Perspectives on Krsna's Various Personalities | journal = History of Religions | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 333–335 | jstor = 1062381 | publisher = American Oriental Society| ref = harv | doi=10.1086/463085}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=108 Names of Krishna|url=http://astrology.aryabhatt.com/108_Names_Krishna.asp|website=Astrology @ Aryabhatt.com|publisher=Bhavishya Darshan Janam Patrika|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310175355/http://astrology.aryabhatt.com/108_Names_Krishna.asp|archivedate=10 March 2005}}
6. ^Monier-Williams || "lord of the senses".
7. ^http://www.seebabynames.com/?1499%2Ckunjbihari
8. ^https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/why-lord-krishna-is-known-as-banke-bihari

108 names and titles from the Gaudiya Vaishnavism tradition

Names in general use

See also

Notes

Sources

External links