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词条 List of U.S. state and territory mottos
释义

  1. State, federal district and territory mottos

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

All of the United States' 50 states have a state motto, as do the District of Columbia, and 3 U.S. territories. A motto is a phrase intended to formally describe the general motivation or intention of an organization. State mottos can sometimes be found on state seals or state flags. Some states have officially designated a state motto by an act of the state legislature, whereas other states have the motto only as an element of their seals. The motto of the United States itself is In God We Trust, proclaimed by Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 30, 1956.[1] The motto E Pluribus Unum (Latin for "One from many") was approved for use on the Great Seal of the United States in 1782, but was never adopted as the national motto through legislative action.

South Carolina has two official mottos, both of which are in Latin.[2] Kentucky, North Dakota, and Vermont also have two mottos, one in Latin and the other in English.[3][2] All other states and territories have only one motto, except Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which do not have any mottos.[5][6] English and Latin are the most-used languages for state mottos, each used by 25 states and territories. Seven states and territories use another language, of which each language is only used once. Eight states and two territories have their mottos on their state quarter; thirty-eight states and four territories have their mottos on their state seals.

The dates given are, where possible, the earliest date that the motto was used in an official sense. Some state mottos are not official but are on the official state seal; in these cases the adoption date of the seal is given. The earliest use of a current motto is that of Puerto Rico, Johannes est nomen ejus, granted to the island by the Spanish in 1511.[7]

State, federal district and territory mottos

State
federal district
or territory		MottoEnglish translationLanguageDateRef.
Alabama}}Audemus jura nostra defendereWe dare defend our rights!Latin1923}}[3]
Alaska}}North to the future—English1967}}[4]
American Samoa}}Samoa, Muamua Le AtuaSamoa, let God be firstSamoan1973}}[5]
Arizona}}Ditat DeusGod enrichesLatin1863}}[6][7]
Arkansas}}Regnat populusThe people ruleLatin1907}}[8]{{#tag:ref|The motto was originally designated as Regnant populi in 1864. It was changed to Regnat populus in 1907.[8]|group=N}}
California}}Eureka (Εὕρηκα)I have found itGreek1849}}[9]{{#tag:ref|Eureka first appeared on the state seal in 1849. It was designated the official motto in 1963.[9]|group=N}}
Colorado}}Nil sine numineNothing without providence.Latin1861|11|6}}[10]
Connecticut}}Qui transtulit sustinetHe who transplanted sustainsLatin1662|10|9}}[11]
Delaware}}Liberty and Independence—English1847}}[12]
District of Columbia}}Justitia OmnibusJustice for AllLatin1871|8|3}}[13]
Florida}}In God We Trust—English1868}}[14]{{#tag:ref|"In God We Trust" first appeared on the state seal in 1868. It was designated the official motto in 2006.[14][15]|group=N}}
Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}}Wisdom, Justice, Moderation—English1798}}[16][17]
Guam}}————[18]
Hawaii}}Ua mau ke ea o ka {{okina}}āina i ka ponoThe life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness.Hawaiian1843|7|31}}[19][20]{{#tag:ref|The motto of Hawaii was first used by King Kamehameha III in 1843, after his restoration. In May 1845 it first appeared on the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was made the official motto of the State of Hawaii on May 1, 1959.[20]|group=N}}
Idaho}}Esto perpetuaLet it be perpetualLatin1890}}[21]
Illinois}}State sovereignty, national union—English1819}}[22]
Indiana}}The Crossroads of America—English1937}}[23]
Iowa}}Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain—English1847}}[24]
Kansas}}Ad astra per asperaTo the stars through difficultiesLatin1861}}[25]
Kentucky}}United we stand, divided we fall
Deo gratiam habeamus
Let us be grateful to God		English
Latin		1942}}
2002		[26]
Louisiana}}Union, justice, confidence—English1902}}[27]
Maine}}DirigoI leadLatin1820}}[28]
Maryland}}Fatti maschii, parole femineManly deeds, womanly wordsItalian1874}}[29][30]
Massachusetts}}Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietemBy the sword we seek peace, but peace only under libertyLatin1775}}[31]
Michigan}}Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspiceIf you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about youLatin1835|6|2}}[32][33]
Minnesota}}L'étoile du NordThe star of the NorthFrench1861}}[34]{{#tag:ref|The unofficial motto of the Minnesota Territory was Quae sursum volo videre, I long to see what is beyond, chosen in 1849.[34]|group=N}}
Mississippi}}Virtute et armisBy valor and armsLatin1894|2|7}}[35]
Missouri}}Salus populi suprema lex estoLet the welfare of the people be the supreme lawLatin1822|1|11}}[36]
Montana}}Oro y plataGold and silverSpanish1865|2|9}}[37]
Nebraska}}Equality before the law—English1867}}[38]
Nevada}}All For Our Country—English1866|2|24}}[39]{{#tag:ref|The unofficial motto of the Nevada Territory was Volens et Potens, Willing and Able, which was on the territorial seal approved on November 29, 1861. This was changed to the current motto after statehood.[39]|group=N}}
New Hampshire}}Live Free or Die—English1945}}[40]
New Jersey}}Liberty and prosperity—English1928|3|26}}[41]
New Mexico}}Crescit eundoIt grows as it goesLatin1887}}[42]{{#tag:ref|Crescit eundo was added to the territorial seal in 1882. Ths change was officially adopted by the legislature in 1887.[42]|group=N}}
New York}}ExcelsiorEver upwardLatin1778}}[43]
North Carolina}}Esse quam videriTo be, rather than to seemLatin1893}}[44]
North Dakota}}Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable
Serit ut alteri saeclo prosit


One sows for the benefit of another age		English
Latin		January 3, 1863}}
{{dts|March 11, 2011}}		[45][46]
[47]
Northern Mariana Islands}}————[48]
Ohio}}With God, all things are possible—English1959|10|1}}[49]{{#tag:ref|From 1866 to 1868, the motto Imperium in Imperio (Latin for "Empire within an Empire") appeared on the state seal.[50]|group=N}}
Oklahoma}}Labor omnia vincitLabor conquers all thingsLatin1893|3|10}}[51]{{#tag:ref|Labor omnia vincit was on the territorial seal of 1893.[52] It was specified as a feature of the seal in the 1907 State Constitution.[53]|group=N}}
Oregon}}Alis volat propriisShe flies with her own wingsLatin1854}}[54]{{#tag:ref|The motto of Oregon was "The Union" from 1957 until 1987, when the original 1854 motto of Alis volat propriis was restored.[54]|group=N}}
Pennsylvania}}Virtue, liberty, and independence—English1875}}[55]
Puerto Rico}}Joannes Est Nomen EjusJohn is his nameLatin1511}}[56][57]{{#tag:ref|The Spanish Crown gave Puerto Rico its coat of arms in 1511. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico officially adopted it on March 9, 1905.[56]|group=N}}
Rhode Island}}Hope—English1664|5|4}}[58]
South Carolina}}Dum spiro spero
Animis opibusque parati		While I breathe, I hope
Ready in soul and resource		Latin1777|5|22}}[59]
South Dakota}}Under God the people rule—English1885}}[60]
Tennessee}}Agriculture and Commerce—English1802|5|24}}[61]{{#tag:ref|The words "Agriculture" and "Commerce" appeared on the first state seal of 1802. "Agriculture and Commerce" was made the official state motto in 1987.[61]|group=N}}
Texas}}Friendship—English1930}}[62]
Utah}}IndustryEnglish1896|5|3}}[63]{{#tag:ref|"Industry" first appeared on the state seal of 1896. It was designated the official motto on March 4, 1959.[64]|group=N}}
Vermont}}Freedom and Unity
Stella quarta decima fulgeat
May the fourteenth star shine bright		English
Latin		1779|2|20}}
{{dts|2015|4|10}}		[65][66][67]
Virginia}} Sic semper tyrannisThus always to tyrantsLatin1776}}[68]
U.S. Virgin Islands|name=Virgin Islands}}United in Pride and Hope—English1991|1|1}}[69]
Washington}}Al-ki or AlkiBye and byeChinook Jargon—[70]{{#tag:ref|The motto of Washington is the only one to be fully unofficial. It is neither on the seal nor designated by the state legislature, but was present on the territorial seal.[70]|group=N}}
West Virginia}}Montani semper liberiMountaineers are always freeLatin1863|9|26}}[71]
Wisconsin}}Forward—English1851}}[72]
Wyoming}}Equal Rights—English1893}}[73]

See also

{{portal|United States}}
  • List of national mottos
  • List of U.S. state nicknames
  • United States national motto

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.treas.gov/education/fact-sheets/currency/in-god-we-trust.shtml|title=History of 'In God we Trust'|publisher=U.S. Treasury|accessdate=2009-02-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228174920/http://www.treas.gov/education/fact-sheets/currency/in-god-we-trust.shtml|archivedate=2009-02-28|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=74&id=State%20Coat%20of%20Arms|title=State Coat of Arms|publisher=State of North Dakota|accessdate=2016-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926113105/https://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=74&id=State%20Coat%20of%20Arms|archive-date=2016-09-26|dead-url=yes|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/st_motto.html |title=Official Alabama Motto |accessdate=2009-02-06 |date=February 13, 2008|work=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors|publisher=Alabama Department of Archives & History}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/oed/student_info/student.htm |title=State Symbols |publisher=State of Alaska |accessdate=2009-02-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718180151/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/oed/student_info/student.htm |archivedate=July 18, 2008 }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://americansamoa.gov/history/samhist_forweb.pdf |title=The Samoan Historical Calendar, 1607-2007 |last=Sorensen |first=Stan |author2=Theroux, Joseph |page=57 |publisher=American Samoa Government |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626050638/http://americansamoa.gov/history/samhist_forweb.pdf |archivedate=2008-06-26 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://az.gov/webapp/portal/displaycontent.jsp?id=1963|title=Arizona State Seal|publisher=State of Arizona|accessdate=2009-02-07|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610051218/http://az.gov/webapp/portal/displaycontent.jsp?id=1963|archivedate=2009-06-10|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.azsos.gov/Info/state_seal/history.htm |title=History of the Arizona State Seal |publisher=Arizona Secretary of State |accessdate=2009-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211222417/http://www.azsos.gov/info/state_seal/history.htm |archivedate=2009-02-11 |df= }}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.soskids.arkansas.gov/civics_curriculum/4th_Grade/Lesson-4-3/4-3-Att1-Great-Seal.pdf|title=The Great Seal of Arkansas|publisher=State of Arkansas|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-14}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html#Heading11|title=History and Culture - State Symbols|publisher=State of California|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm|title=Colorado State Archives Symbols & Emblems|publisher=State of Colorado|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392608|title=Sites, Seals & Symbols|date=June 9, 2008|publisher=State of Connecticut|accessdate=2009-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210041918/http://www.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392608|archive-date=2010-12-10|dead-url=yes|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://portal.delaware.gov/delfacts/gov.shtml|title=Delaware Facts and Symbols|date=14 August 2008|publisher=State of Delaware|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://about.dc.gov/about.asp?portal_link=hr|title=About District of Columbia|publisher=District of Columbia|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
14. ^1 Shearer 30
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://myflorida.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/myflorida.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=682&p_created=1028703600&p_sid=9zkHj3Ri&p_lva=695&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPTEmcF9zb3J0X2J5PSZwX2dyaWRzb3J0PSZwX3Jvd19jbnQ9MSZwX3Byb2RzPTAmcF9jYXRzPTAmcF9wdj0mcF9jdj0mcF9wYWdlPTEmcF9zZWFyY2hfdGV4dD1tb3R0bw**&p_li=&p_topview=1|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120719143552/http://myflorida.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/myflorida.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=682&p_created=1028703600&p_sid=9zkHj3Ri&p_lva=695&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPTEmcF9zb3J0X2J5PSZwX2dyaWRzb3J0PSZwX3Jvd19jbnQ9MSZwX3Byb2RzPTAmcF9jYXRzPTAmcF9wdj0mcF9jdj0mcF9wYWdlPTEmcF9zZWFyY2hfdGV4dD1tb3R0bw**&p_li=&p_topview=1|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-07-19|title=What is the state motto of Florida?|publisher=State of Florida|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://georgia.gov/georgia-facts-and-symbols|title=State Seal|publisher=State of Georgia|accessdate=2009-02-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524123552/http://georgia.gov/georgia-facts-and-symbols|archivedate=2014-05-24|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_symbols.html|title=Georgia State Symbols|publisher=State of Georgia|accessdate=2009-04-10}}
18. ^1 Shearer 24
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/library/facts/state|title=Hawaii, the Aloha State|date=2009-01-14 |publisher=State of Hawaii|accessdate=2009-03-02}}
20. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/hi_motto.htm|title=Hawaii State Motto|publisher=NETSTATE.COM|accessdate=2009-02-15}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0134.pdf|title=Idaho's State Motto|date=March 1970|publisher=Idaho State Historical Society|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.il.us/general/seal.html |title=Seal of the State of Illinois |publisher=State of Illinois |accessdate=2009-02-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131084651/http://www.sos.state.il.us/general/seal.html |archivedate=2009-01-31 |df= }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/history/files/Emblems.pdf|title=Emblems|publisher=State of Indiana|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ |title=Iowa State Symbols |publisher=State of Iowa |accessdate=2009-02-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430004137/http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ |archivedate=2010-04-30 |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.ks.gov/Facts/kansasseal.htm |title=Kansas Seal |publisher=State of Kansas |accessdate=2009-02-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129164251/http://governor.ks.gov/Facts/kansasseal.htm |archivedate=January 29, 2009 }}
26. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYSymbols.htm|title=Kentucky's State Symbols|date=2008-01-29|publisher=Commonwealth of Kentucky|accessdate=2009-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222124236/http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/kysymbols.htm |archivedate=2008-12-22}} The Latin motto was adopted by HB 857 and is defined by KRS 2.105.
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://louisiana.gov/Explore/Kids_Page/|title=Kids' Page|publisher=State of Louisiana|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.maine.gov/legis/senate/statehouse/symbols/Emblems.htm |title=Emblems |publisher=State of Maine |accessdate=2009-02-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510161023/http://www.maine.gov/legis/senate/statehouse/symbols/Emblems.htm |archivedate=2009-05-10 |df= }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/reverse.html|title=Maryland State Seal - Great Seal of Maryland (reverse)|date=April 21, 2005|work=Maryland State Archives|publisher=State of Maryland|accessdate=2009-02-14}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/seal.html|title=Maryland State Seal - Great Seal of Maryland|date=June 17, 2004|work=Maryland State Archives|publisher=State of Maryland|accessdate=2009-02-14}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm|title=Massachusetts Facts|publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/som/0,1607,7-192-29938-22823--,00.html|title=History of the Great Seal|publisher=State of Michigan|accessdate=2009-02-14}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=State Motto|url=http://www.michigan.gov/som/0,1607,7-192-29938_30245-2606--,00.html|publisher=State of Michigan|accessdate=22 August 2010}}
34. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/Symbols.asp|title=Minnesota State Symbols|publisher=State of Minnesota|accessdate=2009-03-02}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ms.gov/symbols.jsp |title=State of Mississippi Symbols |publisher=State of Mississippi |accessdate=2009-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429193034/http://www.ms.gov/symbols.jsp |archivedate=April 29, 2009 }}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.mo.gov/symbols/symbols.asp?symbol=seal|title=The Great Seal of Missouri|publisher=State of Missouri|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://sos.mt.gov/About_Office/State_Seal.asp |title=About the State Seal |publisher=State of Montana |accessdate=2009-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205161902/http://sos.mt.gov/About_Office/State_Seal.asp |archivedate=2009-02-05 |df= }}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/symbols/seal.html|title=State Seal|publisher=State of Nebraska|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
39. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nv.gov/new_kidshomework.htm|title=Nevada Information|publisher=State of Nevada|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130152600/http://www.nv.gov/new_KidsHomework.htm |archivedate=2009-01-30}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/emblem.html|title=State Emblem|work=New Hampshire Almanac|publisher=State of New Hampshire|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/home/seal.html|title=The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey |publisher=State of New Jersey|accessdate=2009-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115070028/http://www.state.nj.us/state/home/seal.html |archivedate=2009-01-15}}
42. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.nm.us/sos-seal.html|title=Great Seal of New Mexico|publisher=State of New Mexico|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/flag.htm|title=New York State Flag and Great Seal of the State of New York|date=March 31, 2008|publisher=State of New York|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/NC/SYMBOLS/SYMBOLS.HTM#motto|title=The State Symbols|date=2009-01-22|work=State Library of North Carolina|publisher=State of North Carolina|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=75&id=State%20Motto|title=State Motto|publisher=State of North Dakota|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174012/http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=75&id=State%20Motto|archive-date=2009-02-11|dead-url=yes|df=}}
46. ^Kingsbury, George. History of Dakota Territory (1915). [https://www.archive.org/stream/historyofdakotaterr01king#page/268/mode/2up Retrieved from the Internet Archive] 12 May 2014.
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/62-2011/bill-index/bi1346.html|title=House Bill No. 1346|publisher=State of North Dakota|accessdate=2013-02-27}}
48. ^1 Shearer 23
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/gp5.06|title=5.06 State motto.|work=LAW Writer Ohio Laws and Rules|publisher=State of Ohio|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=0010392.html&StartPage=388&EndPage=394&volume=10|title=Great Seal of Ohio|work=Ohio History|publisher=Ohio Historical Society|accessdate=2011-04-10}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/S/ST020.html|title=State Emblems|last=Everett|first=Diana|work=Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture|publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society|accessdate=2009-06-05|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615154251/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/S/ST020.html|archivedate=2009-06-15|df=}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v035/v035p128.pdf|title=Grand Seal of the Territory of Oklahoma|work=Chronicles of Oklahoma|publisher=Oklahoma State University|accessdate=2009-06-05}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v022/v022p458.pdf|title=History of Oklahoma Emblems|work=Chronicles of Oklahoma|publisher=Oklahoma State University|accessdate=2009-06-05}}
54. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.or.us/history/motto.htm |title=State Motto Timeline |publisher=State of Oregon |accessdate=2009-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810103500/http://www.leg.state.or.us/history/motto.htm |archivedate=2007-08-10 |df= }}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/pahist/symbols.asp?secid=31|title=Symbols|work=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission|publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania|accessdate=2009-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122180951/http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/pahist/symbols.asp?secid=31 |archivedate=2009-01-22}}
56. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www2.pr.gov/SobrePuertoRico/SimbolosNacionales/Pages/Escudo.aspx|title=Escudo de Puerto Rico|publisher=Government of Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|accessdate=2011-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626200032/http://www2.pr.gov/SobrePuertoRico/SimbolosNacionales/Pages/Escudo.aspx|archive-date=2011-06-26|dead-url=yes|df=}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.topuertorico.org/descrip.shtml|title=Description|date=March 16, 2009|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2009-04-10}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ri.gov/facts/factsfigures.php|title=State Symbols|publisher=State of Rhode Island|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
59. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scstatehouse.gov/studentpage/coolstuff/seal.shtml|title=Seals, Flags, House & Senate Emblems|publisher=State of South Carolina|accessdate=2009-04-10}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.state.sd.us/state/sdsym.htm |title=Signs and Symbols of South Dakota |publisher=State of South Dakota |accessdate=2009-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220004837/http://www.state.sd.us/state/sdsym.htm |archivedate=2008-02-20 |df= }}
61. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/07-08/46-Symbols%20&%20Honors.pdf|title=Tennessee Symbols And Honors|work=Tennessee Blue Book|publisher=State of Tennessee|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ref/abouttx/symbols.html|title=Texas State Symbols|publisher=Texas State Library|accessdate=2009-02-10}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.utah.gov/capitolbuilding/greatseal.html|title=Great Seal of the State of Utah|publisher=State of Utah|accessdate=2009-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331121812/http://www.utah.gov/capitolbuilding/greatseal.html |archivedate=2009-03-31}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://pioneer.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/motto.html|title=Utah State Motto and Emblem|publisher=State of Utah|accessdate=2009-02-07}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/01/011/00491|title=491. Coat of arms; crest; motto and badge|work=The Vermont Statutes Online|publisher=State of Vermont|accessdate=2015-04-10}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://legislature.vermont.gov/assets/Documents/2016/Docs/BILLS/S-0002/S-0002%20As%20Passed%20by%20Both%20House%20and%20Senate%20Official.pdf|work=Vermont Legislature|title=S.2}}
67. ^{{cite web|work=NECN|title=After Confusion and Controversy, Vermont Gets New Latin Motto|last=Thurston|first=Jack|date=10 April 2015|accessdate=11 April 2015|url=http://www.necn.com/news/politics/After-Confusion-and-Controversy-Vermont-Gets-New-Latin-Motto-299379711.html}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.virginia.org/site/features.asp?FeatureID=138 |title=State Symbols, Seals and Emblems |date=November 12, 2008 |publisher=Commonwealth of Virginia |accessdate=2009-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115165637/https://www.virginia.org/site/features.asp?FeatureID=138 |archivedate=January 15, 2009 |df= }}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legvi.org/LEGVI2007/history.htm#seal|title=Legislative Seal|publisher=Legislature of the Virgin Islands|accessdate=2009-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216024507/http://www.legvi.org/LEGVI2007/history.htm |archivedate=2008-12-16}}
70. ^1 {{cite web|title=Symbols of Washington State|publisher=Washington State Legislature |url=http://leg.wa.gov/Symbols/Pages/default.aspx|accessdate=August 16, 2018}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Educational/Kids_Page/5.html|title=State Seal of West Virginia|publisher=State of West Virginia|accessdate=2009-02-14}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/pdf/961-966.pdf |title=Wisconsin State Symbols |work=Wisconsin Blue Book |publisher=State of Wisconsin |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-02-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227075257/http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/pdf/961-966.pdf |archivedate=2009-02-27 |df= }}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://vote.wyoming.gov/SecretaryDesk/SD-GreatSeal.aspx|title=Great Seal|publisher=Wyoming Secretary of State's Office|accessdate=2009-02-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127134359/http://vote.wyoming.gov/SecretaryDesk/SD-GreatSeal.aspx|archivedate=2008-11-27|df=}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}
Works cited
  • {{cite book|last=Shearer|first=Benjamin F.|author2=Shearer, Barbara S. |title=State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2002|edition=3|isbn=978-0-313-31534-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCA0UuGlJG8C|accessdate=2009-02-15}}

External links

  • Mottoes of the 50 States from Netstate.com
  • State mottos from State Symbols USA
{{state insignia}}{{USStateLists}}{{featured list}}

4 : State mottos of the United States|Lists of mottos|Lists of United States state insignia|United States state insignia
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