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词条 List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones
释义

  1. Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

  2. See also

  3. Endnotes

  4. References

  5. External links

Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.

In the chart below, a year which is listed within parentheses represents the year during which that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially adopted as a state symbol or emblem.

Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

State
federal district
or territory		MineralRock
or stone		Gemstone
Alabama[1]hematite-alab}}marble-alab}}quartz-alab}}
Alaska[2]gold-alas}}  neprhite-alas}}
Arizona[3]copper-ariz}}turquoise-ariz}}
Arkansas[5]quartz-ark}}bauxite-ark}}diamond-ark}}
notabene_A|A|none}}[6]gold-cali}}serpentine-cali}}benitoite}}
notabene_B|B|none}}[7]rhodochrosite-colo}}marble-colo}}aquamarine-colo}}
Connecticut[8]garnet-conn}}brownstone}}  
Delaware[9]sillimanite}}
notabene_C|C|none}}[10]coral-agatized-flor}}moonstone}}
Georgia[11]staurolite}}quartz-rose-geor}}
Hawaiʻicoral-black-hawa}}
Idaho[13]garnet-idah}}
Illinois[14]fluorite-illi}}
Indiana[15]limestone-indi}}
Iowa[16]quartz-geode}}
Kansas
Kentucky[17]coal-kent}}agate-kent}}pearl-kent}}
Louisiana[18][19]agate-loui}}oyster-loui}}
Maine[20]tourmaline-main}}
Maryland[21]agate-mary}}
notabene_D|D|none}}[22]babingtonite}}puddingstone-roxbury}}rhodonite-massa}}
Michigan[23]coral-petoskey}}chlorastrolite}}
Minnesota[24]agate-minne}}
Mississippi[25]petrified-wood-miss}}
Missouri[26]galena}}mozarkite}}
Montana[27]sapphire-mont}}
and
Nebraska[28]agate-nebr}}agate-nebr}}
Nevada[29]silver-neva}}sandstone-neva}}opal-neva}}
New Hampshire[30]beryl-newh}}granite-newh}}quartz-newh}}
New Jersey[31]
New Mexico[32]turquoise-newm}}
New York[33]garnet-newy}}
North Carolina[34]gold-alas}}granite-northc}}emerald-northc}}
North Dakota[35]
Ohio[36]flint}}
Oklahoma[37]barite}}  
notabene_E|E|none}}[38]agate-oreg}}labradorite}}
Pennsylvania[39]
Rhode Island[40]serpentine-rhod}}cumberlandite}}
South Carolina[41]granite-southc}}amethyst-southc}}
South Dakota[42] Rose Quartz[43]{{Hs|quartz-southd}}agate-southd}}and

State Jewelry: Black Hills Gold

Tennessee[44]agate-tenn}}limestone-tenn}}
and formerly
pearl-tenn}}
Texas[45]silver-texa}}petrified-wood-texa}}topaz-texa}}
Utah[46]copper-utah}}coal-utal}}topaz-utah}}
Vermont[47]talc}}granite-verm}}
and and
garnet-verm}}
Virginia[48][49]nelsonite}}
Washington[50]petrified-wood-wash}}
notabene_F|F|none}}[51]coal-westv}}coral-westv}}
Wisconsin[53]galena}} -->granite-wisc}}
Wyoming[54]neprite-wyom}}

See also

  • Lists of U.S. state insignia
  • List of U.S. state fossils

Endnotes

{{ordered list|list_style_type=upper-alpha
| {{note label|notabene_A|A|none}} California in 1965 became the first state to name an official state rock. A 2010 effort led by State Senator Gloria J. Romero, a Democrat from Los Angeles, sought to remove serpentine from its perch as the state's official stone. Organizations such as the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization have supported the move as the olive green rock is a source of chrysotile, a form of asbestos that can cause mesothelioma and other forms of cancer. Geologists have rallied to oppose the bill, arguing that there is no way to be harmed from casual exposure to serpentine.[55] The bill did not reach a final vote and died in committee at the end of August 2010. In 1986, California named benitoite as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in San Benito County.[56]
| {{note label|notabene_B|B|none}} Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue (aquamarine).
| {{note label|notabene_C|C|none}} Florida's State Gem, moonstone was adopted to highlight Florida's role in the United States' Lunar program which first landed astronauts on the Moon.[57]
| {{note label|notabene_D|D|none}} Massachusetts has 3 official state rocks: State Historical Rock (Plymouth Rock), State Explorer Rock (Dighton Rock), and State Building and Monument Stone (Granite).
| {{note label|notabene_E|E|none}} A measure passed the Oregon Senate in March 1965 naming the thunderegg as Oregon's state rock, in a move that was supported as a way to stimulate tourism in the state. The thunderegg, a nodule-like geological structure, similar to a geode, that is formed within a rhyolitic lava flow, were said by the Native Americans of Warm Springs to have been created by thunder spirits that lived in the craters of Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson.[58][59]
| {{note label|notabene_F|F|none}} In 2009, West Virginia named bituminous coal as its official state rock, in a resolution that noted that the coal industry plays an "integral part of the economic and social fabric of the state". West Virginia joined Kentucky and Utah which also recognize coal as a state mineral or rock. The drive to name coal as an official state symbol was initiated by a high school student from Wharncliffe, West Virginia, who initiated her project at a school fair and collected 2,500 signatures on a petition that was submitted to legislators.[60]
}}

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/Emblems/emblems.html |title=Alabama Emblems |accessdate=2007-03-19 |date=2001-07-12 |work=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives & History}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dced.state.ak.us/oed/student_info/student.htm |title=State of Alaska |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=Alaska Symbols |publisher=State of Alaska |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208194844/http://dced.state.ak.us/oed/student_info/student.htm |archivedate=2009-02-08 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.azsos.gov/public_services/Kids/kids_state_symbols.htm |title=State of Arizona Secretary of State |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=Arizona Symbols |publisher=State of Arizona}}
4. ^Blair, Gerry. 2008. Rockhounding Arizona, A Guide to 75 of the State's Best Rockhounding Sites. Giulford, Connecticut: Morris Book Publishing, LLC, p. xii. {{ISBN|978-0-7627-4449-7}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.soskids.arkansas.gov/k-4-history-state-symbols.html |title=State of Arkansas Secretary of State |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=Arkansas Symbols |publisher=State of Arkansas}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html |title=State of California Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=California Symbols |publisher=State of California}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm |title=State of Colorado Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=Colorado Symbols |publisher=State of Colorado}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=885&q=246586 |title=State of Connecticut – Sites, Seals and Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Connecticut}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://portal.delaware.gov/delfacts/default.shtml |title=Delaware Facts and Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Delaware}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/kids/symbols.cfm |title=State of Florida Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=Florida Symbols |publisher=State of Florida}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_symbols.html |title=Georgia State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work=Georgia Secretary of State Archives |publisher=State of Georgia}}
12. ^{{cite journal|last=Grigg|first=Richard W.|title=Precious Coral Fisheries of Hawaii and the U.S. Pacific Islands|journal=Marine Fisheries Review|date=1993|volume=55|issue=2|url=http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/mfr552/mfr5527.pdf|page=54|publisher=National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA|location=Seattle, Washington|accessdate=29 September 2010}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/symbols/symbols_index.html |title=Idaho Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work= |publisher=State of Idaho |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630201842/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/symbols/symbols_index.html |archivedate=2010-06-30 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.illinois.gov/facts/symbols.cfm |title=Illinois Facts – Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Illinois |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060415195518/http://www.illinois.gov/facts/symbols.cfm |archivedate=2006-04-15 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/history/2329.htm |title=IHB: Emblems and Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Indiana |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317154950/http://www.in.gov/history/2329.htm |archivedate=2009-03-17 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ |title=Iowa General Assembly – Iowa State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Iowa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430004137/http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ |archivedate=2010-04-30 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYSymbols.htm |title=Kentucky State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |date= |work= |publisher=State of Kentucky |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213232500/http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYSymbols.htm |archivedate=2006-12-13 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://legis.la.gov/lss/lss.asp?doc=763119 |title=RS 49:163.1 State Mineral|accessdate=2012-06-12 |publisher=State of Louisiana}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://legis.la.gov/lss/lss.asp?doc=103557 |title=RS 49:163 State Gem|accessdate=2012-06-12 |publisher=State of Louisiana}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.maine.gov/sos/kids/about/symbols/symbols.htm |title=Maine Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Maine}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/00list.html |title=Maryland Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Maryland}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/sec/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm |title=Massachusetts Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Massachusetts}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mhc_mhm_statesymbols2002_47909_7.pdf |title=Michigan's State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Michigan}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.mn.us/student/symbols.html |title=Minnesota Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Minnesota |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207200429/http://www.sos.state.mn.us/student/symbols.html |archivedate=2009-12-07 |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mississippi.gov/symbols.jsp |title=State of Mississippi Symbols |accessdate=2010-11-01 |publisher=State of Mississippi |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527093352/http://www.mississippi.gov/symbols.jsp |archivedate=2010-05-27 |df= }}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.mo.gov/symbols/ |title=Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri – State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Missouri}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=State Gem, Montana Code Annotated section 1-1-501|url=http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/1/1/1-1-505.htm|publisher=Montana Legislature|accessdate=November 9, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007115619/http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/1/1/1-1-505.htm|archivedate=October 7, 2012|df=}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/ne_symbols.html |title=Nebraska Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Nebraska}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://firstlady.state.nv.us/NevadaSymbols.htm |title=Nevada Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Nevada |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309092749/http://firstlady.state.nv.us/NevadaSymbols.htm |archivedate=2009-03-09 |df= }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/fastfact.html |title=Fast New Hampshire Facts |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of New Hampshire}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.state.nj.us/hangout_nj/assignment_symbols.html |title=New Jersey Symbols |accessdate=2018-12-29 |publisher=State of New Jersey}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.nm.us/KidsCorner/StateSymbols.html |title=New Mexico Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of New Mexico}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/reference/emblems.htm |title=New York State Information |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of New York}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://ncpedia.org/symbols |title=The State Symbols |accessdate=2011-07-11 |publisher=State of North Carolina}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nd.gov/category.htm?id=75 |title=State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of North Dakota}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.governorsresidence.ohio.gov/children/symbols.aspx |title=Ohio Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Ohio}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/stinfo.html |title=Oklahoma State Icons |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Oklahoma |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115182454/http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/stinfo.html |archivedate=2014-01-15 |df= }}
38. ^{{cite web |url=https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/explore-symbols.aspx |title=Oregon Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Oregon}}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/collecting/rocks.aspx |title= Rocks and Minerals |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=Pennsylvania Geological Survey}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ri.gov/facts/factsfigures.php |title=Facts and History |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Rhode Island}}
41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scstatehouse.gov/studentpage/coolstuff/symbols.shtml |title=South Carolina Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of South Carolina}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=https://sdsos.gov/general-information/about-state-south-dakota/state-seal-symbols.aspx |title=South Dakota Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of South Dakota}}
43. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&Statute=1-6-12|title= South Dakota Mineral Law|website=sdlegislature.gov|access-date=2017-06-09}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov/state-symbols.shtml |title=Tennessee Symbols |accessdate=2014-03-25 |publisher=State of Tennessee |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625045751/http://www.tn.gov/state-symbols.shtml |archivedate=2014-06-25 |df= }}
45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ref/abouttx/symbols.html |title=Texas Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Texas}}
46. ^{{cite web |url=http://pioneer.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/ |title=Utah Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Utah}}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://libraries.vermont.gov/general/emblems |title=Vermont Emblems |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Vermont |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029073002/http://libraries.vermont.gov/general/emblems |archivedate=2009-10-29 |df= }}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?161+sum+SB352|title=SB 352 Nelsonite; designating as state rock, etc|accessdate=2016-05-11|publisher=State of Virginia}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pvcc.edu/news/2016/07/18/student-project-leads-development-new-law-and-commonwealths-first-state-rock|title=Student project leads to the development of new law and the Commonwealth's first state rock|accessdate=2016-09-14|publisher=Piedmont Virginia Community College}}
50. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.leg.wa.gov/Symbols/Pages/default.aspx |title=Washington Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Washington}}
51. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wvcommerce.org/travel/requestinformation/statefacts.aspx |title=State Facts |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of West Virginia}}
52. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Text_HTML/2009_SESSIONS/RS/BILLS/hcr37%20intr.htm |title=West Virginia House Concurrent Resolution No. 37, signed into law June 2009 |accessdate=2010-02-18 |publisher=State of West Virginia}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsin.gov/state/core/wisconsin_state_symbols.html |title=Wisconsin State Symbols |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Wisconsin |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112222837/http://www.wisconsin.gov/state/core/wisconsin_state_symbols.html |archivedate=2010-01-12 |df= }}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://soswy.state.wy.us/SecretaryDesk/StateInfo_Symbols.aspx |title=Wyoming Emblems |accessdate=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Wyoming |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906001152/http://soswy.state.wy.us/SecretaryDesk/StateInfo_Symbols.aspx |archivedate=2011-09-06 |df= }}
55. ^Steinhauer, Jennifer. [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/us/14rock.html "California May Drop Rock, and Geologists Feel the Pain"], The New York Times, July 13, 2010. Accessed July 13, 2010.
56. ^Hartigan, Elizabeth. [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24995292.html?dids=24995292:24995292&FMT=ABS "CALIFORNIA FINDS ITSELF A REAL GEM"], Chicago Tribune, March 12, 1986. Accessed July 13, 2010.
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/kids/symbol.cfm?page=2&id=17|title=State Symbols|date=2010|publisher=Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources|accessdate=21 March 2010}}
58. ^via United Press International. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=K5gRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_uIDAAAAIBAJ&dq=official%20state%20rock%20thunderegg&pg=6894%2C892386 "Senate Votes Thunderegg State Rock"], Eugene Register-Guard, March 6, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010.
59. ^via Associated Press. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PpgRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_uIDAAAAIBAJ&dq=official%20state%20rock%20thunderegg&pg=6927%2C5630725 "House Approves State Rock"], Eugene Register-Guard, March 26, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010.
60. ^O'Caroll, Eoin. "West Virginia names coal as its official state rock", The Christian Science Monitor, June 12, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2010.

External links

{{commons category multi|Minerals of the United States|Rocks in the United States}}{{state symbols}}{{state insignia}}{{USStateLists}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of U.S. State Minerals, Rocks, Stones And Gemstones}}

5 : Lists of United States state symbols|Gemstone-related lists|Minerals|Rocks|Geology of the United States by state
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