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词条 List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
释义

  1. List of U.S. states

  2. Articles of Confederation ratification dates

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

  6. External links

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2015}}

A state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government. Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside, due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government.[1] Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names.

States are the primary subdivisions of the United States. They possess all powers not granted to the federal government, nor prohibited to them by the United States Constitution. In general, state governments have the power to regulate issues of local concern, such as: regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, public school policy, and non-federal road construction and maintenance. Each state has its own constitution grounded in republican principles, and government consisting of executive, legislative, and judicial branches.[2]

All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two Senators, and at least one Representative, while the size of a state's House delegation depends on its total population, as determined by the most recent constitutionally-mandated decennial census.[3] Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state.[4]

Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.[5]

The following table is a list of all 50 states and their respective dates of statehood. The first 13 became states in July 1776 upon agreeing to the United States Declaration of Independence, and each joined the first Union of states between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the Articles of Confederation, its first constitution.[6] (A separate table is included below showing AoC ratification dates.) These states are presented in the order in which each ratified the 1787 Constitution, thus joining the present federal Union of states. The date of admission listed for each subsequent state is the official date set by Act of Congress.{{refn| group = lower-alpha |This list does not account for the secession of 11 states (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas) during the Civil War to form the Confederate States of America, nor for the subsequent restoration of those states to the Union, or each state's "readmission to representation in Congress" after the war, as the federal government does not give legal recognition to their having left the Union. Also, the Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede from the Union, but the Supreme Court held that a state cannot unilaterally do so in Texas v. White (1869).[7]}}

List of U.S. states

State Date
(admitted or ratified)		Formed from
1Delaware}}1787|12|07}}[8]
(ratified)		group = lower-alpha | Also known as the "Three Lower Counties Upon Delaware". Delaware became a state on June 15, 1776, when the Delaware Assembly formally adopted a resolution declaring an end to Delaware's status as a colony of Great Britain and establishing the three counties as an independent state under the authority of "the Government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex Upon Delaware".[9]}}
2Pennsylvania}}1787|12|12}}[10]
(ratified)		Proprietary Province of Pennsylvania
3New Jersey}}1787|12|18}}[11]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of New Jersey
4Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}}1788|01|02}}[8]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of Georgia
5Connecticut}}1788|01|09}}[12]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of Connecticut
6Massachusetts}}1788|02|06}}[8]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of Massachusetts Bay
7Maryland}}1788|04|28}}[8]
(ratified)		Proprietary Province of Maryland
8South Carolina}}1788|05|23}}[8]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of South Carolina
9New Hampshire}}1788|06|21}}[8]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of New Hampshire
10Virginia}}1788|06|25}}[8]
(ratified)		Crown Colony and Dominion of Virginia
11New York}}1788|07|26}}[13]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of New York
12North Carolina}}1789|11|21}}[14]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of North Carolina
13Rhode Island}}1790|05|29}}[8]
(ratified)		Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
14Vermont}}1791|03|04}}[15]
(admitted)		Vermont|Vermont Republic{{refn| group = lower-alpha | Between 1749 and 1764 the provincial governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth, issued approximately 135 grants for unoccupied land claimed by New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River (in what is today southern Vermont), territory that was also claimed by New York. The resulting "New Hampshire Grants" dispute led to the rise of the Green Mountain Boys, and the later establishment of the Vermont Republic. New Hampshire's claim upon the land was extinguished in 1764 by royal order of George III, and in 1790 the State of New York ceded its land claim to Vermont for 30,000 dollars.}}}}
15Kentucky}}1792|06|01}}[16]
(admitted)		group = lower-alpha | The Virginia General Assembly adopted legislation on December 18, 1789 separating its "District of Kentucky" from the rest of the State and approving its statehood.[17]}})
16Tennessee}}1796|06|01}}[18]
(admitted)		Southwest Territory
17Ohio}}1803|03|01}}[19]{{refn| group = lower-alpha | The exact date upon which Ohio became a state is unclear. On April 30, 1802 the 7th Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union" (Sess. 1, ch. 40, {{USStat|2|173}}). On February 19, 1803 the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess. 2, ch. 7, {{USStat|2|201}}). Neither act, however, set a formal date of statehood. An official statehood date for Ohio was not set until 1953, when the 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union", ({{USStatute|83|204|67|407|1953|08|07}}) which designated March 1, 1803, as that date.[20]}}
(admitted)		Northwest Territory (part)
18Louisiana}}1812|04|30}}[21]
(admitted)		Orleans|Territory of Orleans}}
19Indiana}}1816|12|11}}
(admitted)		Indiana Territory
20Mississippi}}1817|12|10}}[22]
(admitted)		Mississippi Territory
21Illinois}}1818|12|03}}[23]
(admitted)		Illinois Territory (part)
22Alabama}}1819|12|14}}[24]
(admitted)		 Alabama Territory
23Maine}}1820|03|15}}[25]
(admitted)		group = lower-alpha | The Massachusetts General Court passed enabling legislation on June 19, 1819 separating the "District of Maine" from the rest of the State (an action approved by the voters in Maine on July 19, 1819 by 17,001 to 7,132); then, on February 25, 1820, passed a follow-up measure officially accepting the fact of Maine's imminent statehood.[17]}})
24Missouri}}1821|08|10}}[26]
(admitted)		Missouri Territory (part)
25Arkansas}}1836|06|15}}[27]
(admitted)		 Arkansas Territory
26Michigan}}1837|01|26}}[28]
(admitted)		Michigan Territory
27Florida}}1845|03|03}}
(admitted)		Florida Territory
28Texas}}1845|12|29}}
(admitted)		Texas|Republic of Texas}}
29Iowa}}1846|12|28}}
(admitted)		Iowa Territory (part)
30Wisconsin}}1848|05|29}}[29]
(admitted)		Wisconsin Territory (part)
31California}}1850|09|09}}[30]
(admitted)		Unorganized|unorganized territory (part)}}
32Minnesota}}1858|05|11}}[31]
(admitted)		Minnesota Territory (part)
33Oregon}}1859|02|14}}
(admitted)		Oregon Territory (part)
34Kansas}}1861|01|29}}[32]
(admitted)		Kansas Territory (part)
35West Virginia}}1863|06|20}}[33]
(admitted)		group = lower-alpha | On May 13, 1862, the General Assembly of the Restored Government of Virginia passed an act granting permission for creation of West Virginia.[34] Later, by its ruling in Virginia v. West Virginia (1871), the Supreme Court implicitly affirmed that the breakaway Virginia counties did have the proper consents necessary to become a separate state.[35]}})
36Nevada}}1864|10|31}}
(admitted)		Nevada Territory
37Nebraska}}1867|03|01}}
(admitted)		Nebraska Territory
38Colorado}}1876|08|01}}[36]
(admitted)		Colorado Territory
39{{refn| group = lower-alpha | When President Benjamin Harrison signed the statehood proclamations for North and South Dakota he shuffled the papers on his desk and covered up all but the signature line of the documents. No one knows which state he signed into existence first. North Dakota's proclamation was published first in the Statutes at Large, as it is first in alphabetical order.[37]}}North Dakota}}1889|11|02}}[38]{{refn| group = lower-alpha | name="twins"| Brought into existence within moments of each other on the same day, North and South Dakota are the nation's only twin-born states.}}
(admitted)		Dakota Territory (part)
40South Dakota}}1889|11|02}}[38]{{refn| group = lower-alpha | name="twins"}}
(admitted)		Dakota Territory (part)
41Montana}}1889|11|08}}[39]
(admitted)		Montana Territory
42Washington}}1889|11|11}}[40]
(admitted)		Washington Territory
43Idaho}}1890|07|03}}
(admitted)		Idaho Territory
44Wyoming}}1890|07|10}}
(admitted)		Wyoming Territory
45Utah}}1896|01|04}}[41]
(admitted)		Utah Territory
46Oklahoma}}1907|11|16}}[42]
(admitted)		Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory
47New Mexico}}1912|01|06}}
(admitted)		New Mexico Territory
48Arizona}}1912|02|14}}
(admitted)		Arizona Territory
49Alaska}}1959|01|03}}
(admitted)		Alaska|Territory of Alaska}}
50Hawaii}}1959|08|21}}
(admitted)		Hawaii|Territory of Hawaii}}

Articles of Confederation ratification dates

The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.[43]

State Date
13|1}} Virginia1777|12|16}}
12|2}} South Carolina1778|02|05}}
08|3}} New York1778|02|06}}
11|4}} Rhode Island1778|02|09}}
01|5}} Connecticut1778|02|12}}
03|6}} Georgia1778|02|26}}
06|7}} New Hampshire1778|03|04}}
10|8}} Pennsylvania1778|03|05}}
05|9}} Massachusetts1778|03|10}}
09|10}} North Carolina1778|04|05}}
07|11}} New Jersey1778|11|19}}
02|12}} Delaware1779|02|01}}
04|13}} Maryland1781|02|02}}

See also

{{portalbar|North America|United States}}
  • Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing residents of the eastern portion of the Northwest Territory to form the state of Ohio
  • Missouri Compromise, 1820 federal statute enabling the admission of Missouri (a slave state) and Maine (a free state) into the Union
  • Toledo War, 1835–36 boundary dispute between Ohio and the adjoining Michigan Territory, which delayed Michigan's admission to the Union
  • Texas annexation, the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States as a state in the Union
  • Legal status of Texas
  • Compromise of 1850, a package of congressional acts, one of which provided for the admission of California to the Union
  • Bleeding Kansas, a series of violent conflicts in Kansas Territory involving anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions in the years preceding Kansas statehood, 1854–61
  • Enabling Act of 1889, authorizing residents of Dakota, Montana, and Washington territories to form state governments (Dakota to be divided into two states) and to gain admission to the Union
  • Oklahoma Enabling Act, authorizing residents of the Oklahoma and Indian territories, and the New Mexico and Arizona territories, to form two state governments as steps to gaining admission to the Union
  • Alaska Statehood Act, admitting Alaska as a state in the Union as of January 3, 1959
  • Legal status of Alaska
  • Hawaii Admission Act, admitting Hawaii as a state in the Union as of August 21, 1959
  • Legal status of Hawaii
  • List of states and territories of the United States
  • Federalism in the United States
  • Proposals for a 51st state

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Erler|first1=Edward|title=Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship|url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/14/essays/167/citizenship|publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/faq/faqtoc.aspx?subject=1 | title=Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature | publisher=Minnesota State Legislature}}
3. ^{{cite web |author=Kristin D. Burnett |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf |title=Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08) |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=Elhauge|first1=Einer R.|title=Essays on Article II: Presidential Electors|url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/79/presidential-electors|publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Doctrine of the Equality of States|url=http://law.justia.com/constitution/us/article-4/22-doctrine-of-equality-of-states.html|website=Justia.com}}
6. ^{{cite book| last = Jensen| first = Merrill| title = The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781| year = 1959| publisher = University of Wisconsin Press| isbn = 978-0-299-00204-6| pages = xi, 184 }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Texas v. White 74 U.S. 700 (1868)|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/74/700/|website=Justia.com}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last1=Vile|first1=John R.|title=The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America's Founding (Volume 1: A-M)|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-85109-669-8|page=658}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Delaware Government|url=http://delaware.gov/topics/facts/gov.shtml|website=Delaware.gov|publisher=Government Information Center, Delaware Department of State}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Overview of Pennsylvania History - 1776-1861: Independence to the Civil War|url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-history/1776-1861.html|website=PA.gov|publisher=Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=1787 Convention Minutes|url=http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/doc1787conventionminutes.html|website=NJ.gov|publisher=New Jersey Department of State}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: January 9|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan09.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: July 26|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul26.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 21|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov21.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=The 14th State|url=https://vermonthistory.org/explorer/vermont-stories/becoming-a-state/the-14th-state|website=Vermont History Explorer|publisher=Vermont Historical Society}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Constitution Square Historic Site|url=http://www.danvillekentucky.com/list/member/constitution-square-historic-site-28lwebsite=danvillekentucky.com|publisher=Danville/Boyle County Convention and Visitors Bureau}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
17. ^1 {{cite web|title=Official Name and Status History of the several States and U.S. Territories|url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/statehood.phtml|website=TheGreenPapers.com}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=State History Timeline |url=http://www.tn.gov/sos/symbols/timeline.htm |website=TN.gov |publisher=Tennessee Department of State |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410130033/http://www.tn.gov/sos/symbols/timeline.htm |archivedate=April 10, 2016 |df= }}
19. ^{{cite journal |last=Blue |first= Frederick J. |title=The Date of Ohio Statehood |journal=Ohio Academy of History Newsletter |date= Autumn 2002 |url=http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911164131/http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |archivedate=September 11, 2010}}
20. ^Clearing up the Confusion surrounding Ohio's Admission to Statehood
21. ^{{cite web|title=About Louisiana: quick facts|url=http://louisiana.gov/Explore/About_Louisiana/|website=louisiana.gov|access-date=June 15, 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://ms200.org/|title=Welcome from the Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission|publisher=Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission|accessdate=February 16, 2017}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: December 3|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec03.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Alabama History Timeline: 1800-1860|url=http://www.archives.alabama.gov/timeline/al1801.html|website=alabama.gov|access-date=June 15, 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: March 15|url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar15.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: August 10|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug10.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: June 15|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun15.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: January 26|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan26.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: May 29|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may29.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=California Admission Day September 9, 1850|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23856|website=CA.gov|publisher=California Department of Parks and Recreation}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: May 11|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may11.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: January 29|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: June 20|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun20.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=A State of Convenience: The Creation of West Virginia, Chapter Twelve, Reorganized Government of Virginia Approves Separation|url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/statehood12.html|website=Wvculture.org|publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History}}
35. ^{{cite web|title= Virginia v. West Virginia 78 U.S. 39 (1870)|url= https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/78/39/case.html|website=Justia.com}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: August 1|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug01.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
37. ^{{cite news|last1=MacPherson|first1=James|last2=Burbach|first2=Kevin|title=At 125 years of Dakotas statehood, rivalry remains|url=http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/at-years-of-dakotas-statehood-rivalry-remains/article_5bb77c84-6249-11e4-a5c4-73e0e38f67ba.html|publisher=Bismarck Tribune|date=November 2, 2014}}
38. ^1 {{cite web|title=Today in History: November 2|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov02.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Montana|work=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains|publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln|url=http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.pg.049|editor-last=Wishart|editor-first=David J.|access-date=February 15, 2017}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 11|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov11.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
41. ^{{cite web|title=Struggle For Statehood Chronology|url=http://www.historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/statehood_and_the_progressive_era/struggleforstatehoodchronology.html|last=Thatcher|first=Linda Thatcher|website=historytogo.utah.gov|date=2016|publisher=State of Utah}}
42. ^{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 16|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov16.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}
43. ^{{cite book| last = Rodgers| first = Paul| title = United States Constitutional Law: An Introduction| url = https://books.google.com/?id=WUOXmAEACAAJ&pg=PA109| year = 2011| publisher = McFarland| isbn = 978-0-7864-6017-5| page = 109 }}

External links

{{sister project links|statehood}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-states |title= U.S. States Videos |publisher= History.com}}
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.50states.com/statehood.htm |title= Dates of statehood |publisher= 50states.com}}
{{USStateLists}}{{DEFAULTSORT:States By Date Of Admission To The Union, List Of U.S.}}Lijst van staten van de VS naar datum van toetreding

4 : Lists of states of the United States|United States geography-related lists|United States history-related lists|United States history timelines
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