| 词条 | Officer Training Unit, Scheyville |
| 释义 |
| name = Officer Training Unit, Scheyville | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = Military college | established = {{start date|df=y|1965|04|01}} | closed = {{end date|1973}} | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = {{NSWcity|Scheyville}} | state = New South Wales | province = | country = Australia | postcode = | coordinates = {{coord|-33.611|150.887|region:AU-NSW_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title,inline}} | campus = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = {{URL|otu.asn.au/}} | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | footnotes = }} The Officer Training Unit, Scheyville (OTU Scheyville, pronounced Skyville) was a military training establishment for officers of the Australian Army. Located in the suburb of {{NSWcity|Scheyville}} in the Hawkesbury region of Sydney, Australia, the establishment was opened in April 1965 to train officer cadets who had been called up for service under the national service scheme and offered a short but rigorous commissioning course for trainees, tailored to meet the Army's need to increase the number of junior officers being produced in order to meet commitments to train national servicemen, and to provide platoon commanders for units serving overseas in Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia. It was closed in 1973 after the national service scheme was abolished in December 1972.[1] HistoryOn 24 November 1964, the National Service Act was passed by the Australian Federal parliament, allowing the Menzies government to re-establish the national service scheme – which had been suspended in 1959 – as a response to growing uncertainty in Australia's strategic outlook in Southeast Asia.[2] Unlike previous versions of national or compulsory service, which had limited the liability of men called up to service in Australian territory within the meaning of the Defence Act (1903) only, the new scheme envisaged conscripted soldiers serving in Regular Army units to bolster their numbers for deployment being sent overseas to meet Australia's commitments in Southeast Asia. As such many would take part in the fighting Vietnam and Malaysia.[3] Although largely opposed by the Australian Army hierarchy, the reintroduction of conscription necessitated a requirement for the expansion of the Army's training establishments to meet the increased numbers of men undergoing training. This, coupled with the expansion of the Royal Australian Regiment to nine battalions,[2] meant that there was a need for the Army to increase the numbers of junior officers serving in its ranks in order to oversee the training of national servicemen and to command platoons on operations overseas.[1] In order to meet this requirement the decision was made to create a new officer training unit (OTU) to deliver this course. Brigadier Ian Geddes was given the responsibility of bringing this organisation into being,[4] and on 1 April 1965 the OTU was established at Scheyville, New South Wales.[4] Approximately {{convert|50|km|mi}} north of Sydney, the land had originally been used as part of the Dreadnought agricultural training scheme, before being used during the First World War as an internment camp for "enemy aliens".[4] Later, during the Second World War the Army had used the site for conducting training exercises before it was converted in 1949 into a camp for migrants.[1] Because there was a requirement to expand the size of the Army quickly, out of necessity the course offered by Scheyville was much shorter than those offered at the other officer training establishments. Whereas officers were produced over the course of twelve months at Officer Cadet School, Portsea and three years at Royal Military College, Duntroon, the OTU course was condensed into 22 weeks. From the outset the course was designed to be physically demanding and mentally challenging, and each lesson was designed to instil a number of teaching points in order to meet the requirements of the syllabus. It was a hectic schedule, and the cadets were required to work up to 14 hours a day, without weekends off.[4] As a result, many cadets did not pass; indeed the OTU had a failure rate of around 30 per cent.[11][12] Those who did not pass were removed from the course and completed their national service obligation as an other rank, although many quickly progressed through the ranks to become non-commissioned officers. Cadets who did successfully complete the course were commissioned as second lieutenants. The majority were allocated to the infantry, although graduates were posted to all corps of the Army and went on to serve in Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and Singapore.[4] The abolition of National Service in December 1972 by the Whitlam government meant that there was no longer a requirement for an accelerated commissioning course and, as such, OTU Scheyville was closed in December 1973.[4] Officer training in the Australian Army would continue at RMC Duntroon and OCS Portsea, although Portsea was itself closed in 1985 when RMC Duntroon took on the role of providing the 18-month commissioning course and the Australian Defence Force Academy was established to provide tertiary education.[5] During the course of its operation OTU Scheyville produced 1,871 officers. Of these, the majority were national servicemen, although 68 were members of the Regular Army who attended Scheyville in this time.[4] These regular Army officers, however, went to OCS Portsea at the end of their Scheyville course to graduate as OCS Portsea officers (1/72, 2/72 and 1/73 OTU/OCS courses); in fact, the last cadets at Scheyville were the regulars who graduated (at OCS Portsea) some months after the last national service officer cadets graduated. Relations between the national service and Regular cadets were very friendly. The failure rate for these regulars was similar to the national service cadets. The 2/72 OTU/OCS class started with 35 and 21 graduated. During the same period of time, 1,287 officers graduated from Portsea and 465 graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon.[6] AlumniUp to 328 Scheyville graduates served in Vietnam, eight of whom were killed in action.[6]{{NoteTag|Some sources give the figure of seven, rather than eight.}} Gordon Sharpe was the first OTU trained officer to be killed in Vietnam while serving with the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment at the Battle of Long Tan on 18 August 1966. It was Sharpe's platoon that suffered the majority of fatalities in that battle after he himself was killed at its beginning. Of the 1,803 national service officers produced, about 270 later chose to join the Regular Army, thus ensuring the continuing legacy of the OTU within the Australian Army into the 1980s and beyond.[1] At least 13 Scheyville graduates rose to the rank of brigadier, with a couple still serving as late as 2002, even though during their training they had been told that it was unlikely they would be promoted past major.[6] One graduate, Brigadier Peter Pursey, AM, served for a time as Commandant of the Royal Military College, Duntroon.[7] A number of graduates also rose to prominence in civilian life. Some of the most notable examples include Jeff Kennett, who became Premier of Victoria, and Tim Fischer, who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Australia.[6] There were also a number of other parliamentarians, broadcasters, journalists and academics.[6][8] See also
Notes{{NoteFoot}}ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 {{harvnb|Dennis et al|1995|p= 531}} 2. ^1 {{harvnb|Grey|2008|p=238}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Grey|2008|p=239}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.otu.asn.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=29|title=Officer Training Unit Association: History/Aims/Experience|publisher=Officer Training Unit Association|accessdate=27 June 2010}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Dennis et al|1995|p=471}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-recruits/scheyville.htm|title=Australian Army Officers Training Unit (OTU) Scheyville|publisher=Digger History|accessdate=27 June 2010}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/media/1998/03198.html|title=Army Promotions for Deployable Headquarters and Duntroon|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|date=5 March 1998|accessdate=28 June 2010}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=3398&page=0|last=Barton|first=Stephen|title=Scheyville graduates an unintended benefit of the Vietnam War|date=29 April 2005|accessdate=22 January 2009}} Sources{{refbegin}}
Further reading{{Refbegin}}
10 : Defunct military academies|Australian Army|Educational institutions established in 1965|Military academies|Former military installations in New South Wales|Military education and training in Australia|1965 establishments in Australia|Military installations established in 1965|1973 disestablishments in Australia|City of Hawkesbury |
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