“List of war deities”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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List of war deities

释义

African mythology
Ancient Egyptian Berber East African Yoruba
Armenian mythology
Balkan mythology
Baltic mythology
Celtic mythology
Chinese mythology
Etruscan mythology
Germanic mythology
Continental Germanic mythology Norse
Greek mythology
Hindu mythology
Hittite mythology
Hungarian mythology
Japanese mythology
Lusitanian mythology
Mesopotamian mythology
Mongolian mythology
Native American mythology
Aztec mythology Maya mythology Pacific Northwest Plains
Nuristani mythology
Polynesian mythology
Hawaiian mythology Māori mythology
Roman mythology
Semitic mythology
Slavic mythology
Turkic mythology
Vietnamese mythology
Voodoo
References

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A war deity is a god or goddess in mythology associated with war, combat, or bloodshed. They occur commonly in both monotheistic and polytheistic religions.

Unlike most gods and goddesses in polytheistic religions, monotheistic deities have traditionally been portrayed in their mythologies as commanding war in order to spread their religion. (The intimate connection between "holy war" and the "one true god" belief of monotheism has been noted by many scholars, including Jonathan Kirsch in his book God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism and Joseph Campbell in The Masks of God, Vol. 3: Occidental Mythology.) ^[1]^[2]

The following is a list of war deities.

African mythology

Ancient Egyptian

Anhur, god of war, not a native god
Bast, cat-headed goddess associated with war, protection of Lower Egypt and the pharaoh, the sun, perfumes, ointments, and embalming
Horus, god of the king, the sky, war, and protection
Maahes, lion-headed god of war
Menhit, goddess of war, "she who massacres"
Montu, falcon-headed god of war, valor, and the Sun
Neith, goddess of war, hunting, and wisdom
Pakhet, goddess of war
Satis, deification of the floods of the Nile River and an early war, hunting, and fertility goddess
Sekhmet, goddess of warfare, pestilence, and the desert
Set, god of the desert and storms, associated with war
Sobek, god of the Nile, the army, military, fertility, and crocodiles
Sopdu, god of the scorching heat of the summer sun, associated with war
Wepwawet, wolf-god of war and death who later became associated with Anubis and the afterlife

Berber

Gurzil, bull-headed warrior god.^[3]
Ifri, war goddess

East African

Apedemak, Nubian lion-headed warrior god
Maher, Ethiopian god of war

Yoruba

Kokou, powerful Yoruba warrior god
Ogoun, Yoruba deity who presides over fire, iron, hunting, politics, and war
Oya, Yoruba warrior-goddess of the Niger River

Armenian mythology

Anahit, goddess of healing, fertility, wisdom, and water; in early periods associated with war

Balkan mythology

Danubian Rider
Sabazios
Thracian Rider

Baltic mythology

Kara Māte, Latvian goddess of war
Kauriraris, Lithuanian god of war and war steeds
Kovas, Lithuanian god of war

Celtic mythology

Agrona, reconstructed Proto-Celtic name for the river Aeron in Wales, and possibly the name of an associated war goddess
Andarta, Brittonic goddess theorized to be associated with victory, overcoming enemies, war
Alaisiagae, a pair of goddesses worshiped in Roman Britain, with parallel Celtic and Germanic titles
Andraste, Gaulish warrior goddess
Anann, Irish goddess of war, death, predicting death in battle, cattle, prosperity, and fertility
Bandua, Gallaecian God of War
Badb, Irish goddess of war who took the form of a crow; member of the Morrígan
Belatucadros, war god worshipped by soldiers and equated with the Roman war god Mars
Camulus, god of war of the Belgic Remi and British Trinovantes
Catubodua, Gaulish goddess assumed to be associated with victory
Cicolluis, Gaulish and Irish god associated with war
Cocidius, Romano-British god associated with war, hunting and forests
Macha, Irish goddess associated with war, horses, and sovereignty; member of the Morrígan
The Morrígan, Irish triple goddess associated with sovereignty, prophecy, war, and death on the battlefield
Neit, Irish god of war, husband of Nemain of Badb
Nemain, Irish goddess of the frenzied havoc of war; member of the Morrígan
Rudianos, Gaulish god of war
Segomo, Gaulish god of war
Teutates, British and Gaulish god of war and the tribe

Chinese mythology

Chiyou, god of war
Erlang Shen, a three-eyed warrior
Guan Yu, a historical general from the Han Dynasty who came to be worshiped as god of loyalty, righteousness, and valor
Jinzha, marshal of the center altar
Jiutian Xuannü, goddess of war, sex, and longevity ^[4]
Li Jing
Muzha, marshal of the center altar
Nezha
Wen Qiong ^[5]
Yue Fei

Etruscan mythology

Laran, god of war.
Menrva, goddess of war, art, wisdom, and health
Shankar, god of mechanised war

Germanic mythology

Continental Germanic mythology

Baduhenna, a western Frisii goddess of warfare
Idis (Germanic)/itis/ides, the West Germanic cognates of North Germanic dís, they are connected with battle magic and fettering enemy armies
Sandraudiga, goddess whose name may mean "she who dyes the sand red", suggesting she is a war deity or at least has a warrior aspect
Týr, god of war, single combat, law, justice, and the thing, who later lost much of his religious importance and mythical role to the god Wōden
Wōden, god associated with wisdom, poetry, war, victory, and death

Norse

Dís, a group of lesser goddesses who are sometimes connected with battle magic; valkyrie may be a kenning for them
Freyja, goddess associated with love, beauty, fertility, gold, seiðr, war, and death
Odin, god associated with wisdom, war, battle, and death
Týr, god associated with law, justice, victory, and heroic glory
Ullr, god associated with archery, skiing, bows, hunting, single combat, and glory
Valkyries, choosers of the slain and connected to Odin, ruler of Valhalla; they may be the same as the dís above

Greek mythology

Alala, spirit of the war cry
Alke, spirit of courage and battle-strength
Amphillogiai, goddesses of disputes
Androktasiai, spirits of battlefield slaughter
Ares, the main Greek god of war, despised by all the city-states except Sparta
Athena, goddess of wisdom, war strategy, and weaving, more beloved by ancient Greeks than Ares and tutelary deity of Athens, Sparta's rival
Bia, spirit of force and compulsion
Deimos, personification of terror
Enyalius, god of war; in early periods apparently an epithet of Ares, they were differentiated later
Enyo, goddess of war, sometimes appears to be identical to Eris
Eris, goddess of discord and strife
Hera, in the Illiad she has a martial character and fights (and wins) against Artemis; however, this warlike aspect of her appears nowhere else in the surviving corpus, suggesting it was dropped early on
Homados, spirit of the din of battle
Hysminai, female spirits of fighting and combat
Ioke, spirit of onslaught, battle-tumult, and pursuit
Keres, female spirits of violent or cruel death, including death in battle, by accident, murder, or ravaging disease
Kratos, personification of strength and power
Kydoimos, spirit of the din of battle
Makhai, male spirits of fighting and combat
Nike, spirit of victory
Palioxis, spirit of backrush, flight, and retreat from battle
Pallas, Titan god of war-craft and of the springtime campaign season
Perses, the Titan of destruction
Phobos, spirit of panic, fear, flight, and battlefield route
Phonoi, spirits of murder, killing, and slaughter
Polemos, spirit of war
Proioxis, spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuit

Hindu mythology

Kartikeya, god of war and battle
Mangala, god of war
Nirrti, goddess of strife
Parvati, her forms Durga and Kali are known for fighting demons
Shiva, god of avenging and destroying and several of his avatars
Vishnu, several of his avatars are associated with fighting and vanquishing evil

Hittite mythology

Shaushka, goddess of fertility, war, and healing
Wurrukatte, god of war

Hungarian mythology

Hadúr, god of war and the metalsmith of the gods

Japanese mythology

Bishamonten, Buddhist god of war
Futsunushi, god of swords, martial arts, and conquest; god of the Mononobe clan
Hachiman Daimyōjin, Shinto god of war (on land) and agriculture, divine protector of the Minamoto clan; mostly worshiped by samurai
Sarutahiko, god of war and misogi; the deity who stands at the junction of Heaven and Earth; one of the main Kunitsukami; actively worshipped by Ueshiba Morihei
Takemikazuchi, god of war, conquest, martial arts, sumo, and lightning; general of the Amatsukami; god of Kashima and Ujigami of Nakatomi clan
Suwa Myōjin (Takeminakata-no-kami), god of valor and duty, protector of the Japanese religion

Lusitanian mythology

Neto, god believed to be associated with war, death, and weaponry

Mesopotamian mythology

Belus, Babylonian god of war
Inanna, Sumerian goddess of sex and war
Ishtar, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian counterpart to Inanna
Nergal, Babylonian god of war, fire, the underworld, and pestilence
Pap-nigin-gara, Akkadian and Babylonian god of war
Sebitti, group of minor Akkadian and Babylonian war gods
Shala, Akkadian and Babylonian goddess of war and grain
Shara, minor Sumerian god of war
Shulmanu, god of the underworld, fertility, and war

Mongolian mythology

Dayisun Tngri

Native American mythology

Aztec mythology

Patterns of War
- Mixcoatl, god of war and hunting
- Xipe-Totec, god of force, patron of war, agriculture, vegetation, diseases, seasons, rebirth, hunting, trades, and spring; lord of the east
- Tlaloc, god of thunder, rain, and earthquakes
- Xiuhtecuhtli, god of fire
Huitzilopochtli, god of will, patron of war, fire, and sun; lord of the south

Maya mythology

Tohil, god associated with fire, the sun, rain, mountains, and war

Pacific Northwest

Qamaits, Nuxálk warrior goddess
Winalagalis, Kwakwaka'wakw god of war

Plains

Morning Star, O-pi-ri-kus by one spelling; the god of war in Pawnee mythology

Nuristani mythology

Great Gish, god of war

Polynesian mythology

'Oro, god of war

Hawaiian mythology

Kū, god of war and birds
Pele, goddess of fire, lightning, dance, volcanoes, and violence

Māori mythology

Tūmatauenga, god of war

Roman mythology

Bellona, goddess of war
Honos, god of chivalry, honor, and military justice
Juno, has a consistent martial character and the patron goddess of Rome, the mother of Mars and Bellona
Mars, god of war and agriculture, equivalent to Ares as far as being war gods; aside from this they have very little in common
Minerva, goddess of wisdom, medicine, music, crafts, and war, while somewhat equivalent to the Greek Athena, the Romans did not emphasize her war aspect like the Greeks did
Nerio, warrior goddess and personification of valor
Victoria, personification of victory, equivalent to the Greek goddess Nike
Virtus, god of bravery and military strength

Semitic mythology

Agasaya, "the Shrieker", goddess of war
Anat, goddess of war
Astarte, goddess of sex and war, western Semitic version of the Mesopotamian Ishtar and Inanna
Resheph, god of plague and war
Tanit, main Carthaginian goddess whose functions included war and the moon, a composite of Anat and Astarte/Ishtar/Inanna

Slavic mythology

Jarovit, god of vegetation, fertility, and spring, also associated with war and harvest
Perun, god of thunder and lightning, associated with war
Svetovid, god of war, fertility, and abundance
Zorya Utrennyaya, goddess of the morning star, sometimes depicted as a warrior goddess who protected men in battle

Turkic mythology

Kyzaghan, Turkic deity of war

Vietnamese mythology

Cao Lỗ, god of military innovations
Độc Cước, the protector of coastal settlements. Legend has it that he split himself in two with his axe, each half guards coastal villages against sea ogres.
Thánh Gióng, god of triumph over foreign invaders
Thần Đồng Cổ, the armored protector of the Lý dynasty

Voodoo

Ogoun, loa who presides over fire, iron, hunting, politics, and war

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=God Against the Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism|author=Kirsch, J.|date=2004|publisher=Viking Compass|isbn=9780670032860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z88nAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=2015-06-22}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/014019441X|title=Occidental Mythology (Masks of God): Joseph Campbell: 9780140194418: Amazon.com: Books|publisher=amazon.com|accessdate=2015-06-22}}
3. ^ Morris, Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, John Robert: The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire p. 612
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cahill|first1=Suzanne E.|title=Sublimation in Medieval China: The Case of the Mysterious Woman of the Nine Heavens|journal=Journal of Chinese Religions|date=18 July 2013|volume=20|issue=1|pages=91–102|doi=10.1179/073776992805307692}}
5. ^http://etheses.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/pdf/004777762.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

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