词条 | Ojai Music Festival |
释义 |
| music_festival_name = Ojai Music Festival | image = | caption = | location = Ojai, California | years_active = 1947 to present | founders = John Leopold Jergens Bauer | dates = | genre = classical music | website = {{URL|http://www.ojaifestival.org}} }} The Ojai Music Festival is an annual classical music festival in the United States. Held in Ojai, California (75 miles northwest of Los Angeles), for four days every June, the festival presents music, symposia, and educational programs emphasizing adventurous, eclectic, and challenging music, principally by contemporary composers. A secondary focus of the Festival is the discovery or rediscovery of rare or little known works by past masters. The primary performance venue is the Libbey Bowl, an open-air setting not far from the center of Ojai. HistoryBackgroundBefore the music festival itself was established, the Ojai valley itself had attracted artists, musicians and thinkers. In the early 1920s, a trust organized by Annie Besant, the head of the Theosophical Society, bought {{convert|40|acre|m2}} in the valley. This land was eventually used for the official residence of her young Indian protégé, Jiddu Krishnamurti. Krishnamurti proved to be a respected spiritual thinker in his own right, and Ojai became one of his bases. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, his talks in the valley drew a diverse group of notable Southern Californians, including Igor Stravinsky, Greta Garbo, Christopher Isherwood, Bertolt Brecht, Thomas Mann, Charles Chaplin, Bertrand Russell and Charles Laughton. The composer John Cage wrote to his lover in 1935, "I was walking and thinking of you in Ojai, an open space of country, and suddenly I knew what wildness was. I am sure there is something unexplainably and mysteriously sacred about the Valley, something including evil." The idyllic setting even famously served as Shangri-La in the 1937 Frank Capra film, Lost Horizon.[1][2] Founding The Music FestivalThe Ojai Music Festival itself was founded in 1947 by East Coast music aficionado John Leopold Jergens Bauer. It was originally intended to be a "Salzburg Festival of the West" with eight weeks of music, opera, dance, and theater; but while those ambitious early plans were never realized, a more modest festival developed. Mark Swed of the Los Angeles Times described those early years: Ojai's allure made it easy to attract not only name soloists but the best Hollywood musicians for its ensembles. By 1949, The New York Times was running a composite sketch of participants in that year's festival, illustrating the Juilliard String Quartet rehearsing, the pianist Shura Cherkassky performing and Thor Johnson conducting. Ladies in capes and fancy hats paraded. Bohos in sandals sat under oak trees.[1] Artistic directorsIn 1954, Lawrence Morton was appointed as the Festival Artistic Director. A man of broad musical tastes, Morton was a visionary whose constant curiosity and unwavering integrity shaped the Festival's future direction. Already heading up the famously progressive Monday Evening Concerts in Los Angeles, Morton and his influence were described by Mark Swed: ... what [Morton] wanted was new plus old plus unusual. He was close to Stravinsky. At Ojai, he talked Copland into conducting for the first time. He brought the French composer Pierre Boulez to the Festival in 1967, when Boulez's career as a conductor was just beginning, and Boulez has been back six more times, most recently in 2003. [In 2005] I asked Boulez, who is 81, if he would ever return to Ojai. He said yes, he hoped so. . . . Under Morton's leadership, the Ojai Festival began the practice of having the Artistic Director engage a different Music Director for the Festival; each year and around whom that year's Festival is built. Eight individuals have served as Artistic Director:
Whereas Fleischmann tended to organize each year's Festival according to themes, Morris has eschewed this concept. As David Mermelstein reported: "I'm not a big believer in too much dramaturgy", Morris says. "The idea of building programs or festivals around some kind of specific theme, I find not a compelling idea in general. You find some pieces that fit the theme well, and then you have to find something to round it out, and that can lead to some less good pieces being performed. There should be some rhyme or reason to programming, but it shouldn't be too restricted in its thinking."[3] Music directors{{main|Ojai Music Festival: Music Directors}}The Festival has enjoyed collaborations with many highly regarded composers, conductors, and musicians who have served as Music Director; these include: Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, Pierre Boulez, Robert Craft, Michael Tilson Thomas, Lukas Foss, John Adams, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Daniel Lewis, Kent Nagano, and Simon Rattle, to name a few. In recent years, instrumentalists such as Emanuel Ax, Mitsuko Uchida, Pierre-Laurent Aimard, and the Emerson String Quartet have also served as Music Director. Resident artists: composers, soloists, ensembles, and othersIn addition to the composers who have served as Music Director, many others have been resident artists at the festival, including: Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Peter Maxwell Davies, Elliott Carter, Olivier Messiaen, David Del Tredici, Mauricio Kagel, and György Ligeti. More recently, resident composers have included Steve Reich, Magnus Lindberg, Thomas Ades, Mark-Anthony Turnage, and Osvaldo Golijov.[4] A diverse group of notable musicians have been part of the Festival, including the jazz musician Eric Dolphy, pianist/conductor James Levine, sitar player Ravi Shankar, soprano Dawn Upshaw, and mezzo-soprano Lorraine Hunt-Lieberson, to name just a few. Sol Babitz, the Festival's first concertmaster, was a confidant of Stravinsky, and Babitz's expertise in Baroque period performance practice and research into early music fascinated and influenced the composer.[1] During the 1970s and 1980s, jazz was a featured part of every Festival. Musicians and ensembles who appeared included such greats as Oscar Peterson, Bobby Hutcherson Quartet, Milt Jackson, the Heath Brothers, Ray Brown, the Toshiko Akiyoshi - Lew Tabackin Big Band and many others. These concerts were organized by two local board members, syndicated radio show host Fred Hall ("Swing Thing") and Lynford Stewart. Since 1970, the Los Angeles Philharmonic has been a frequent participant in the Festival. Other notable resident orchestras have included the Lyon Opera Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, New World Symphony, Philharmonia Baroque, Atlanta Symphony, and St. Paul Chamber Orchestra. The "Ojai Festival Orchestra", composed of Southern California's most talented, sometimes legendary, studio musicians and freelance orchestral instrumentalists, has been the mainstay of the Ojai Festival over its lifespan. Many chamber groups and other ensembles have also been resident at the festival, including: the Juilliard String Quartet, the Tokyo String Quartet, the Kronos Quartet, the Emerson String Quartet, the Sequoia Quartet, the Pacific Chorale, Chanticleer, and Toimii. In addition, groups representing other musical genres have also participated in the festival; these include: Indian music ensembles, mariachi, Balinese music, and West African drum music ensembles. In addition to musicians, the Festival has also hosted visual and performing artists of all kinds, most notably the potter Beatrice Wood, French artist Marcel Duchamp, and theater/opera director Peter Sellars. For many years, Ojai Festival posters were designed by renowned modern artists including Robert Rauschenberg, Kenneth Noland, Richard Diebenkorn, David Hockney and Eliot Porter, among others. Libbey BowlAfter a widespread effort by the Ojai community, the old Libbey Bowl shell and building, originally built in 1957 by local volunteers, was demolished in July 2010.[5] The new Libbey Bowl, scheduled to reopen for the 65th Music Festival in June 2011, will feature several acoustic, structural, environmental, and aesthetic improvements, while still retaining the familiar, rustic characteristics of the original structure.[6] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news | url=http://www.calendarlive.com/cl-ca-ojai4jun04,0,4568445.story |title=CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; A retreat charges on; Swathed in a colorful past, the Ojai Festival is modest, informal and world-class. | work=Los Angeles Times | last=Swed |first=Mark | date=June 4, 2006}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=Spas and Stars, but Ojai Tries to Stay Grounded |work=The New York Times |first=Susan |last=Stellin |date=Nov 30, 2007}} 3. ^{{cite news | title=RESOUNDING SUCCESS; INNOVATION KEEPS OJAI MUSIC FEST FRESH FOR HALF A CENTURY | work=The Daily News of Los Angeles | last=Mermelstein |first=David | date=June 2, 2004}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ojaifestival.org/aboutus/milestones.htm |title=About Us: Milestones |work=Ojai Music Festival website|accessdate=May 24, 2008}} 5. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/07/local/la-me-0507-libbey-bowl-20100507 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Catherine | last=Saillant | date=May 7, 2010 | title=Ojai's Libbey Bowl gets a first-stage revamping}} 6. ^http://libbeybowl.org/the-project/ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328000834/http://libbeybowl.org/the-project/ |date=March 28, 2010 }} External links
9 : Classical music festivals in the United States|Ojai, California|Music festivals in California|Annual events in California|Organizations based in Ventura County, California|1947 establishments in California|Music festivals established in 1947|Recurring events established in 1947|Tourist attractions in Ventura County, California |
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