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词条 Lists of earthquakes
释义

  1. Lists by period

  2. Lists by country

  3. Lists by region

  4. Largest earthquakes by year

  5. Largest earthquakes by magnitude{{anchor|Strongest_earthquakes_by_magnitude}}

  6. Largest earthquakes by country/territory

  7. Costliest earthquakes

  8. Deadliest earthquakes

  9. Most studied earthquakes

  10. See also

  11. References

  12. External links

{{short description|A directory to Wikipedia lists of earthquakes}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}

The following is a list of earthquake lists, and of top earthquakes by magnitude and fatalities.

Lists by period

  • Before 1901
  • 1901–2000
  • 2001–present

Lists by country

{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
  • Afghanistan
  • Algeria
  • Argentina
    • Mendoza Province
  • Armenia
  • Australia
  • Azerbaijan
  • Azores, autonomous region of Portugal
  • Bulgaria
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • China
    • Sichuan Province
  • Colombia
  • Costa Rica
  • Cuba
  • Cyprus
  • Ecuador
  • Egypt
  • El Salvador
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Fiji
  • Georgia (country)
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Guam
  • Guatemala
  • Haiti
  • Iceland
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Italy
    • Irpinia
  • Japan
  • Mexico
  • Nepal
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nicaragua
  • Pakistan
  • Panama
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Romania
    • Vrancea County
  • Russia
  • Samoa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • South Africa
  • South Korea
  • Spain
  • Tajikistan
  • Taiwan
  • Tonga
  • Turkey
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
    • Alaska
    • California
    • Hawaii
    • Illinois
    • Oklahoma
    • South Carolina
    • Washington
  • Vanuatu
  • Venezuela
  • Yemen
{{div col end}}

Lists by region

  • Caribbean
  • Levant
  • South Asia

Largest earthquakes by year

{{see also|Category:Lists of earthquakes by year}}

These are the largest or most notable earthquakes per year since the start of the 21st century.

{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2018}}
Year Magnitude Death toll Location Event Date
20197.5}}0}} EcuadorFebruary 22}}
20188.2}}0}} Fiji 2018 Fiji earthquakeAugust 19}}
20178.2}}98}} Mexico 2017 Chiapas earthquakeSeptember 8}}
20167.8}}676}} Ecuador 2016 Ecuador earthquakeApril 16}}
20158.3}}14}} Chile 2015 Illapel earthquakeSeptember 16}}
20148.2}}6}} Chile 2014 Iquique earthquakeApril 1}}
20138.3}}0}} Russia 2013 Okhotsk Sea earthquakeMay 24}}
20128.6}}10}} Indonesia, Indian Ocean 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakesApril 11}}
20119.1}}20,896}} Japan 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunamiMarch 11}}
20108.8}}525}} Chile 2010 Chile earthquakeFebruary 27}}
20098.1}}192}} Samoa 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunamiSeptember 29}}
20087.9}}87587}} China 2008 Sichuan earthquakeMay 12}}
20078.5}}23}} Indonesia September 2007 Sumatra earthquakeSeptember 12}}
20068.3}}0}} Russia 2006 Kuril Islands earthquakeNovember 15}}
20058.6}}1,300}} Indonesia 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquakeMarch 28}}
20049.2}}227,898}} Indonesia, Indian Ocean 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamiDecember 26}}
20038.3}}0}} Japan 2003 Hokkaidō earthquakeSeptember 25}}
20027.9}}0}} United States 2002 Denali earthquakeNovember 3}}
20018.4}}100}} Peru 2001 southern Peru earthquakeJune 23}}
20007.9}}103}} Sumatra 2000 Enggano earthquakeJune 4}}
19997.7}}2,415}} Taiwan 1999 Jiji earthquakeSeptember 20}}

Largest earthquakes by magnitude{{anchor|Strongest_earthquakes_by_magnitude}}

Listed below are all the 36 known earthquakes with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 or higher since the year 1500. Limited to a timeframe with enough data, this gives a rough estimate of its frequency per century. (The timeframe does not include outlying events like the earlier 1361 Shōhei earthquake and 869 Sanriku earthquake, both estimated to have magnitude ≥ 8.5.)

Prior to the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes can only be estimated, based on historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[2]

RankDateLocationEventMagnitude
11960-05-22}} Valdivia, Chile 1960 Valdivia earthquake 9.4–9.6
21964-03-27}} Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States 1964 Alaska earthquake 9.2
32004-12-26}} Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 9.1–9.3
42011-03-11}} Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan 2011 Tōhoku earthquake 9.1[3]
51952-11-04}} Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union 1952 Kamchatka earthquakes 9.0[4]
61868-08-13}} Arica, Chile (then Peru) 1868 Arica earthquake 8.5–9.0 (est.)
71700-01-26}} Pacific Ocean, USA and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire) 1700 Cascadia earthquake 8.7–9.2 (est.)
81762-04-02}} Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U) 1762 Arakan earthquake 8.8 (est.)
91833-11-25}} Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1833 Sumatra earthquake 8.8 (est.)
101906-01-31}} Ecuador – Colombia 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake 8.8[5]
112010-02-27}} Offshore Maule, Chile 2010 Chile earthquake 8.8[5]
121950-08-15}} Assam, India – Tibet, China 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake 8.7
131707-10-28}} Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan 1707 Hōei earthquake 8.7–9.3 (est.)
141730-07-08}} Valparaiso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1730 Valparaiso earthquake 8.7 (est.)[5]
151755-11-01}} Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal 1755 Lisbon earthquake 8.5–9.0
161965-02-04}} Rat Islands, Alaska, United States 1965 Rat Islands earthquake 8.7
171746-10-28}} Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake 8.6 (est.)
181787-03-28}} Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1787 Mexico earthquake 8.6 (est.)
191957-03-09}} Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake 8.6[5]
202005-03-28}} Sumatra, Indonesia 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake 8.6[5]
212012-04-11}} Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia 2012 Aceh earthquake 8.6
221575-12-16}} Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1575 Valdivia earthquake 8.5 (est.)
231604-11-24}} Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1604 Arica earthquake 8.5 (est.)
241647-05-13}} Santiago, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1647 Santiago earthquake 8.5 (est.)
251751-05-24}} Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1751 Concepción earthquake 8.5 (est.)
261822-11-19}} Valparaíso, Chile 1822 Valparaíso earthquake 8.5 (est.)
271835-02-20}} Concepción, Chile 1835 Concepción earthquake 8.5 (est.)
281861-02-16}} Sumatra, Indonesia 1861 Sumatra earthquake 8.5
291877-05-09}} Iquique, Chile (then Peru) 1877 Iquique earthquake 8.5 (est.)
301922-11-10}} Atacama Region, Chile Catamarca Province, Argentina 1922 Vallenar earthquake 8.5[6]
311938-02-01}} Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1938 Banda Sea earthquake 8.5[5]
321963-10-13}} Kuril Islands, Russia (USSR) 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake 8.5[7]
332007-09-12}} Sumatra, Indonesia 2007 Sumatra earthquakes 8.5[7]
341687-10-20}} Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1687 Peru earthquake 8.5 (est.)
351737-10-17}}Kamchatka, Russia 1737 Kamchatka earthquakes 8.5 (est.)
361896-06-15}} Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan 1896 Sanriku earthquake 8.5 (est.)

Statistics are,

Century Number with
magnitude ≥ 8.5
1501–1600 1
1601–1700 4
1701–1800 8
1801–1900 7
1901-2000 10
2001–present 6
Total 36
{{Clear}}

Note that historical records are known to be incomplete. Earthquakes that occurred in remote areas prior to the advent of modern instrumentation in the early to mid 1900s were not well-reported, and exact locations and magnitudes of such events are often unknown. Therefore, the apparent increase in large earthquake frequency over the last few centuries is unlikely to be real.

Largest earthquakes by country/territory

  • This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
  • Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
  • Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).
Country Magnitude Date More information
Afghanistan}} Afghanistan7.8}}15 November 1921}}[8]
Albania}} Albania6.7}}30 November 1967}}[9]
Algeria}} Algeria7.1}}10 October 1980}} 1980 El Asnam earthquake
Antarctica}} Antarctica8.1}}25 March 1998}}[10]
Armenia}} Armenia6.8}} Ms7 December 1988}} 1988 Armenian earthquake
Argentina}} Argentina7.5}}27 October 1894}} 1894 San Juan earthquake
Australia}} Australia6.7}}22 January 1988}} [11]
Austria}} Austria5.5}}–6.015 September 1590}} 1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Azerbaijan}} Azerbaijan6.9}}25 November 1667}} 1667 Shamakhi earthquake
Bangladesh}} Bangladesh8.8}}2 April 1762}} 1762 Arakan earthquake
Belgium}} Belgium6.3}}18 September 1692}} Epicentre: Verviers[12]
Bhutan}} Bhutan6.6}}21 January 1941}}[13]
Bolivia}} Bolivia8.2}}9 June 1994}} 1994 Bolivia earthquake
Bosnia}} Bosnia and Herzegovina6.4}}27 October 1969}}Banja Luka earthquake
Botswana}} Botswana6.5}}3 April 2017}}2017 Botswana earthquake
Brazil}} Brazil7.6}}9 November 1963}} [14]
British Indian Ocean Territory}} British Indian Ocean Territory7.3}}November 30 1983}}[15]
Bulgaria}} Bulgaria7.2}} {{M|s}}[16]4 April 1904}} see List of earthquakes in Bulgaria
Burundi}} Burundi5.3}}29 January 1978}}[17]
Canada}} Canada8.7}}–9.226 January 1700}} 1700 Cascadia earthquake
Chile}} Chile9.4}}–9.622 May 1960}} 1960 Valdivia earthquake
China}} China8.6}}15 August 1950}} 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Cocos Islands}} Cocos Islands7.9}}18 June 2000}}[18]
Colombia}} Colombia8.8}}31 January 1906}} 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Comoros}} Comoros6.0}}29 April 1952}}[19]
Costa Rica}} Costa Rica7.7}}22 April 1991}} 1991 Limon earthquake
Croatia}} Croatia6.3}} ML9 November 1880}}1880 Zagreb earthquake
Cuba}} Cuba7.5}}–7.9 Ms[26][20]21 June 1900}} List of earthquakes in Cuba[21]
Cyprus}} Cyprus7.0}}11 May 1222}} 1222 Cyprus earthquake
Czech Republic}} Czech Republic4.8}}23 December 1985}}[22]
Democratic Republic of the Congo}} Democratic Republic of the Congo6.8}}5 December 2005}}2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
Denmark}} Denmark4.4}}[23][24][25]19 February 2010}} Jutland
Djibouti}} Djibouti6.5}}20 August 1989}}[26]
Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic8.1}} Ms4 August 1946}} 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
Ecuador}} Ecuador8.8}}31 January 1906}} 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Egypt}} Egypt7.3}}22 November 1995}} 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
El Salvador}} El Salvador8.0}}19 December 1862}} [27]
Eritrea}} Eritrea6.2}}23 September 1915}}[28]
Estonia}} Estonia4.7}}25 October 1976}} 1976 Osmussaare earthquake
Ethiopia}} Ethiopia6.5}}30 June 1919}}[29]
Finland}} Finland4.7}}4 November 1898}} Tornio, 66.2°N, 25.0°E[30]
Fiji}} Fiji8.2}}19 August 2018}}[31]
France}} France6.2}}11 June 1909}} 1909 Provence earthquake
Gabon}} Gabon6.2}}23 September 1974}}[32]
Germany}} Germany6.1}}18 February 1756}} 1756 Düren earthquake
Georgia}} Georgia7.0}}29 April 1991}}1991 Racha earthquake
Ghana}} Ghana6.4}}22 June 1939}}[33]
Greece}} Greece8.5}}+21 July 365}} 365 Crete earthquake
Guam}} Guam7.8}}8 August 1993}}[34]
Guatemala}} Guatemala7.7}}6 August 1942}} 1942 Guatemala earthquake
Guyana}} Guyana5.3}}22 January 1976}}[35]
Guinea}} Guinea6.3}}22 December 1983}}1983 Guinea earthquake[36]
Haiti}} Haiti8.1}} Ms7 May 1842}} 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Honduras}} Honduras7.5}}10 January 2018}} 2018 Swan Islands earthquake
Hungary}} Hungary6.3}} ML28 June 1763}} 1763 Komárom earthquake
Iceland}} Iceland6.9}}28 March 1963}} [37]
India}} India8.6}}15 August 1950}} 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Indonesia}} Indonesia9.1}}–9.326 December 2004}} 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
Iran}} Iran7.9}} Ms22 December 856}} 856 Damghan earthquake
Iraq}} Iraq5.8}}18 December 1980}}[38]
Israel}} Israel6.3}}11 July 1927}}1927 Jericho earthquake
Italy}} Italy7.4}}11 January 1693}} 1693 Sicily earthquake
Japan}} Japan9.1}}11 March 2011}} 2011 Tōhoku earthquake
Jordan}} Jordan6.3}}11 July 1927}}1927 Jericho earthquake
Kazakhstan}} Kazakhstan7.7}}3 January 1911}} 1911 Kebin earthquake
Kenya}} Kenya7.0}}6 January 1928}}[39]
Kyrgyzstan}} Kyrgyzstan7.7}}3 January 1911}}1911 Kebin earthquake
Laos}} Laos6.9}}24 June 1983}}[40]
Lebanon}} Lebanon7.5}}9 July 551}} 551 Beirut earthquake
Libya}} Libya6.8}}19 April 1935}}[41]
Macedonia}} Macedonia6.1}}26 July 1963}} 1963 Skopje earthquake
Madagascar}} Madagascar5.6}}21 April 1991}}[42]
Malawi}} Malawi6.2}}10 March 1989}}[43]
Malaysia}} Malaysia6.2}}26 July 1976}} 1976 Sabah earthquake
Malta}} Malta7.4}}11 January 1693}}1693 Sicily earthquake [44]
Mauritius}} Mauritius6.7}}26 July 1976}}[45]
Mayotte}} Mayotte6.0}}29 April 1952}}[46]
Mexico}} Mexico8.6}}28 March 1787}} 1787 Mexico earthquake
Micronesia}} Micronesia7.1}}15 November 1929}}[47]
Mongolia}} Mongolia8.4}}23 July 1905}} 1905 Bolnai earthquake
Montenegro}} Montenegro6.9}}15 April 1979}} 1979 Montenegro earthquake
Morocco}} Morocco6.3}}24 February 2004}} 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake
Mozambique}} Mozambique7.0}}22 February 2006}}2006 Mozambique earthquake
Myanmar}} Myanmar8.0}}12 September 1946}} [48]
Namibia}} Namibia5.1}}31 July 2009}}[49]
Nepal}} Nepal8.2}}–8.8 (Estimated)6 June 1505}} 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Netherlands}} Netherlands5.3}}13 April 1992}} 1992 Roermond earthquake
New Zealand}} New Zealand8.3}}23 January 1855}} 1855 Wairarapa earthquake
Nicaragua}} Nicaragua7.7}}2 September 1992}} 1992 Nicaragua earthquake
North Korea}} North Korea6.3}}19 March 1952}} [50]
Northern Mariana Islands}} Northern Mariana Islands7.7}}29 July 2016}}[51]
Norway}} Norway6.8}}09 November 2018}} 2018 Jan Mayen earthquake[52]
Pakistan}} Pakistan8.1}}28 November 1945}} 1945 Balochistan earthquake
Palau}} Palau7.8}}16 August 1911}}[53]
Panama}} Panama7.5}}18 July 1934}} [54]
PNG}} Papua New Guinea8.1}}26 July 1971}}1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes
Paraguay}} Paraguay6.5}}28 February 1989}}[55]
Peru}} Peru8.6}}28 October 1746}} 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake
Philippines}} Philippines8.3}}15 August 1918}} 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Poland}} Poland5.8}}6 August 1983}} near Głogów [56]
Portugal}} Portugal8.5}}–9.01 November 1755}} 1755 Lisbon earthquake
Puerto Rico}} Puerto Rico8.0}}2 May 1787}}1787 Boricua earthquake
Réunion}} Réunion5.3}}6 April 2007}}[57]
Romania}} Romania7.9}}26 October 1802}} 1802 Vrancea earthquake
Rwanda}} Rwanda5.9}}3 February 2008}}[58]
Russia}} Russia9.0}}4 November 1952}} 1952 Kamchatka earthquake
Samoa}} Samoa8.5}}26 June 1917}} 1917 Samoa earthquake
Saudi Arabia}} Saudi Arabia6.2}}11 January 1941}}Jizan Region
Serbia and Montenegro}} Serbia5.5}}22 September 1998}}1998 Mionica earthquake
Slovenia}} Slovenia5.6}}12 April 1998}}[59]
Solomon Islands}} Solomon Islands8.1}}1 April 2007}}2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Somalia}} Somalia5.6}}3 July 1951}}[60]
South Africa}} South Africa6.3}}29 September 1969}}
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands8.1}}27 June 1929}}[61]
South Korea}} South Korea5.4}}12 September 2016}} 2016 Gyeongju earthquake
South Sudan}} South Sudan7.2}}20 May 1990}}[62]
Spain}} Spain7.8}}29 March 1954}} [63]
Sweden}} Sweden4.8}} ML14 July 1986}}Skultorp, Västra Götaland[64]
Switzerland}} Switzerland6.5}}18 October 1356}} 1356 Basel earthquake
Syria}} Syria7.6}}20 May 1202}}1202 Syria earthquake
Taiwan}} Taiwan8.2}}5 June 1920}} [65]
Tajikistan}} Tajikistan7.5}}10 July 1949}}1949 Khait earthquake
Tanzania}} Tanzania7.3}}13 December 1910}}[66]
Thailand}} Thailand6.1}}5 May 2014}} 2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Tonga}} Tonga8.1}}30 April 1919}}[67]
Trinidad}} Trinidad-and-Tobago6.7}}22 April 1997}}[68]
Tunisia}} Tunisia5.5}}20 February 1957}}[69]
Turkey}} Turkey7.8}}27 December 1939}} 1939 Erzincan earthquake
Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan7.3}}5 October 1948}}1948 Ashgabat earthquake
Uganda}} Uganda6.5}}30 June 1952}}[70]
Ukraine}} Ukraine6.7}}11 September 1927}}1927 Crimean earthquakes
United Kingdom}} United Kingdom6.1}} ML7 June 1931}} 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
United States}} United States9.2}}27 March 1964}} 1964 Alaska earthquake
Uruguay}} Uruguay5.5}}5 June 1888}}1888 Rio de la Plata earthquake
Uzbekistan}} Uzbekistan7.0}}19 March 1984}}[71]
Vanuatu}} Vanuatu8.1}}20 September 1920}}[72]
Venezuela}} Venezuela7.6}}29 October 1900}} [73]
Vietnam}} Vietnam6.7}}1 June 1935}} [74]
Yemen}} Yemen6.3}}13 December 1982}} 1982 North Yemen earthquake
Zambia}} Zambia6.7}}1 May 1919}}[75]

Costliest earthquakes

This is a list of major earthquakes by the dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake. Rank values are assigned based on inflation-adjusted comparison of property damage in US dollars. Wherever possible, indirect and socioeconomic losses are excluded. Please note that damage estimates for particular earthquakes may vary throughout time as more data becomes available.

RankEventLocationMagnitudeProperty damage
1 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunamiJapan9.1[3] $235 billion[76][77]
21995 Great Hanshin earthquakeJapan6.9 $200 billion[78]
3 2008 Sichuan earthquakeSichuan, China8.0 $86 billion[79]
4 1994 Northridge earthquakeLos Angeles, United States6.7 $13–44 billion
5 1980 Irpinia earthquakeItaly6.9[88] $15 billion[88]
61976 Tangshan earthquakeHebei, China7.8$10 billion[80]
7 2011 Christchurch earthquakeSouth Island, New Zealand6.3[81] $15–40 billion[82][83]
8 2004 Chūetsu earthquakeJapan6.8 $28 billion[84][85]
9 1999 İzmit earthquakeTurkey7.6 $20 billion[84]
10 2010 Chile earthquakeChile8.8[97] $15–30 billion[86]
11 2012 Emilia earthquakesItaly6.1[87] $15.8 billion[88]
12 1999 Jiji earthquakeTaiwan7.6 $10 billion
13 April 2015 Nepal earthquakeNepal7.8 $10 billion to rebuild.[89]
14 1906 San Francisco earthquakeSan Francisco, United States7.7 to 7.9 (est.)[87] $400 million[87]
15 1923 Great Kantō earthquakeTokyo, Japan7.9 $600 million[84]
16 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakeCalifornia, United States6.9 $5.6–6 billion

Deadliest earthquakes

{{main|List of natural disasters by death toll#Deadliest_earthquakes}}

The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths:

Deadliest earthquakes[90]
RankEventDateLocationFatalitiesMagnitudeNotes
1 1556 Shaanxi earthquake 1556-01-23}} Shaanxi, China 820,000–830,000 [91] 8.0 Estimated death toll in Shaanxi, China
2 1976 Tangshan earthquake 1976-07-28}} Hebei, China 242,769–700,000+ [107][92][93] 7.8
3 1920 Haiyuan earthquake 1920-12-16}} Ningxia–Gansu, China 273,400[94][95] 7.8 Major fractures, landslides.
4 526 Antioch earthquake 526|05|21}} Antioch, Turkey (then Byzantine Empire)250,000[96] 7.0 [97] Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
5 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 2004-12-26}} Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia227,898 9.1–9.3 Deaths from earthquake and resulting tsunami.
6 1138 Aleppo earthquake 1138-10-11}} Aleppo, Syria 230,000 Unknown The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and on September 30, 1139 in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[98]
7 2010 Haiti earthquake 2010-01-12}} Haiti 46,000–316,000 7.0 Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[99] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 85,000 and 46,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[100][101]
81303 Hongdong earthquake1303|07|25}}Shanxi, China200,000 [102]8.0Taiyuan and Pingyang were leveled.
9 856 Damghan earthquake 856|12|22}} Damghan, Iran 200,000 7.9 Ms
10 893 Ardabil earthquake 893|03|22}} Ardabil, Iran 150,000 Unknown Reports probably relate to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, 'Dabil' as 'Ardabil'.[103] This is regarded as a 'fake earthquake'.[104]
11 533 Aleppo earthquake 533-11-29}}Syria 130,000[105] Unknown
12 1908 Messina earthquake 1908-12-28}} Messina, Italy 123,000[106] 7.1 The ground shook for 30 to 40 seconds around 5:20 am, and destruction occurred within a 300 km radius. 91% of structures in Messina were destroyed and ~70,000 residents died. Rescuers searched for weeks, and whole families were pulled out alive days later. A 40-foot (12 m) tsunami struck nearby coasts. Reggio Calabria on the Italian mainland also suffered heavy damage.
13 1948 Ashgabat earthquake 1948-10-06}} Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan) 10,000–110,000s|link=y}}
14 1923 Great Kantō earthquake 1923-09-01}} Kantō region, Japan 105,385[107] 7.9 This earthquake with an epicenter beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay, shook the Kantō plain on the Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58 am. Shaking duration reported between 4 and 10 minutes, devastating Tokyo, Yokohama, Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka.[108] Shaking slid the 93-ton Great Buddha statue at Kamakura almost two feet forward. Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including ~40,000 missing later presumed dead.
15 1290 Chihli earthquake 1290|09|27}} Ningcheng, China100,000[109] 6.8 Ms

Most studied earthquakes

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake; subsequent additions are not included in the counts. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

{{refbegin}}
Rank Event origin time ISC Event # Papers ISC code Wikipedia article
1 2011-03-11 05:46:23 -16461282}} 1263 TOHOKU2011 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2 2008-05-12 06:27:59 -13228125}} 1088 WENCHUAN2008 2008 Sichuan earthquake
3 2004-12-26 00:58:52 -7453151}} 762 SUMATRA2004 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4 1999-09-20 17:47:16 -1718616}} 590 CHI-CHI1999 1999 Jiji earthquake
5 1994-01-17 12:30:54 -189275}} 428 NORTHRIDGE1994 1994 Northridge earthquake
6 1995-01-16 20:46:51 -124708}} 412 SHYOGO1995 Great Hanshin earthquake
7 1989-10-18 00:04:14 -389808}} 392 LOMAPRIETA1989 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
8 2009-04-06 01:32:42 -13438018}} 376 LAQUILA2009 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
9 1992-06-28 11:57:35 -289086}} 351 LANDERS1992 1992 Landers earthquake
10 2010-02-27 06:34:13 -14340585}} 337 MAULE2010 2010 Chile earthquake
11 1999-08-17 00:01:38 -1655218}} 332 IZMIT1999 1999 İzmit earthquake
12 1964-03-28 03:36:13 -869809}} 217 ALASKA1964 1964 Alaska earthquake
13 1985-09-19 13:17:50 -516095}} 216 MEXICOCITY1985 1985 Mexico City earthquake
14 1971-02-09 14:00:40 -787038}} 208 SANFERNANDO1971 1971 San Fernando earthquake
15 2001-01-26 03:16:40 -1763683}} 199 BHUJ2001 2001 Gujarat earthquake
16 1960-05-22 19:11:20 -879136}} 186 CHILE1960 1960 Valdivia earthquake
17 1976-07-27 19:42:53 -711732}} 178 TANGSHAN1976 1976 Tangshan earthquake
18 1976-05-06 20:00:12 -713583}} 161 FRIULI1976 1976 Friuli earthquake
19 2015-04-25 06:11:26 -607208674}} 160 GORKHA2015 April 2015 Nepal earthquake
20 2010-09-03 16:35:46 -15155483}} 158 DARFIELD2010 2010 Canterbury earthquake
21 1980-11-23 18:34:52 -635924}} 157 IRPINIA1980 1980 Irpinia earthquake
22 2003-09-25 19:50:07 -7134409}} 156 TOKACHI-0KI2003 2003 Hokkaidō earthquake
23 2004-09-28 17:15:24 -7406045}} 150 PARKFIELD2004 Parkfield earthquake
24 2004-10-23 08:55:58 -742105}} 145 MID-NIIGATA2004 2004 Chūetsu earthquake
25 1999-10-16 09:46:45 -1643776}} 144 HECTOR-MINE1999 1999 Hector Mine earthquake
26 2005-03-28 16:09:35 -7486110}} 143 NIAS2005 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
27 2001-11-14 09:26:10 -2331800}} 135 KUNLUN2001 2001 Kunlun earthquake
28 1988-12-07 07:41:24 -417441}} 134 ARMENIA1988 1988 Armenian earthquake
29 2013-04-20 00:02:47 -607304721}} 133 LUSHAN2013 2013 Lushan earthquake
30 2012-05-20 02:03:53 -601025379}} 130 EMILIA2012A 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
31 2002-11-03 22:12:41 -6123395}} 127 DENALI2002 2002 Denali earthquake
32 1999-11-12 16:57:19 -1650092}} 124 DUZCE1999 1999 Düzce earthquake
33 2003-12-26 01:56:53 -7217667}} 121 BAM2003 2003 Bam earthquake
34 2005-10-08 03:50:35 -7703077}} 119 KASHMIR2005 2005 Kashmir earthquake
35 2011-02-21 23:51:42 -16168897}} 117 CHRISTCHURCH2011A 2011 Christchurch earthquake
36 2010-01-12 21:53:10 -14226221}} 110 HAITI2010 2010 Haiti earthquake
37 1979-10-15 23:16:57 -657282}} 110 IMPERIAL1979 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
38 1983-05-26 02:59:58 -577008}} 108 SEAOFJAPAN1983 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake
39 1997-09-26 09:40:25 -1043512}} 97 UMBRIA-MARCHE1997B 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake
40 2012-05-29 07:00:04 -605482196}} 96 EMILIA2012B 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
41 2000-10-06 04:30:17 -1839998}} 92 TOTTORI2000 2000 Tottori earthquake
42 2007-07-16 01:13:21 -12769769}} 87 CHUETSU-0KI2007 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake
43 2008-06-13 23:43:46 -13377361}} 84 IWATE-MIYAGI2008 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake
44 2010-04-13 23:49:37 -14573075}} 83 YUSHU 2010 2010 Yushu earthquake
45 2016-04-15 16:25:06 -610289055}} 82 KUMAMOTO2016 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
46 2011-10-23 10:41:22 -17394270}} 80 VAN2011 2011 Van earthquakes
47 1977-03-04 19:21:54 -700695}} 78 ROMANIAN1977 1977 Vrancea earthquake
48 1923-09-01 02:58:35 -911526}} 75 KANTO1923 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
49 2007-03-25 00:41:57 -11703278}} 73 NOTO-HANTO2007 2007 Noto earthquake
50 1975-02-04 11:36:05 -731961}} 73 HAICHENG1975 1975 Haicheng earthquake
{{refend}}

Transcribed from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.

{{cite isc|EB}}. 2018.

See also

{{Portal|Earthquakes|Disasters}}
  • List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
  • List of natural disasters by death toll#Earthquakes
  • Lists of earthquakes by year

References

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3. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20110311054624120_30#executive | title=M 9.1 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan | publisher=USGS | work=Earthquake Hazards Program | date=2016 | accessdate=21 November 2016}}
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5. ^"[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_country_mag.php#chile Historic World Earthquakes]." U.S. Geological Survey, November 23, 2009.
6. ^"[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1922_11_11.php Historic Earthquakes – Chile-Argentina Border] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113140310/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1922_11_11.php |date=November 13, 2009 }}." U.S. Geological Survey, October 26, 2009.
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 "[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/mag8/magnitude8_1900_mag.php Magnitude 8 and Greater Earthquakes Since 1900] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510044742/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/mag8/magnitude8_1900_mag.php |date=May 10, 2011 }}." U.S. Geological Survey, March 7, 2010
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17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0000srv#executive|title=M 5.3 - Burundi|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|access-date=2017-04-26}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0009ut0#executive|title=M 7.9 - South Indian Ocean|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|access-date=2017-07-12}}
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28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem913942#executive|title=M 6.2 - Eritrea-Ethiopia border region|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|access-date=2017-04-03}}
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External links

{{commons category|Earthquakes}}
  • [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ USGS-ANSS Latest earthquakes] around the world.
  • Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
  • IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120830094558/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/recent_quakes.html Recent New Zealand earthquakes]
  • SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090510025543/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/historical_mag_big.php USGS list of earthquakes magnitude 6.0 and greater sorted by magnitude]
  • Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006—Building Research Institute (Japan) (建築研究所)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101107224716/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10_largest_world.php Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900]
{{Natural disasters}}{{Earthquakes by year}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lists Of Earthquakes}}

2 : Lists of earthquakes|Geology-related lists
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