| 词条 | Old Christian |
| 释义 |
After the expulsion of the Jewish population from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497, all the Jewish population in Iberia became officially Christian. The New Christians were always under suspicion of apostasy. The creation of the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and the Portuguese Inquisition in 1536 was justified by the need to fight heresy. It was believed that many New Christians were practicing their original religion in secret and, in fact, large numbers were Crypto-Jews. The term was thus introduced in order for "Old Christians" to distinguish themselves from the converts (conversos) and their descendants, who were seen as potential heretics and threats to Catholic orthodoxy.[4] New Christians of Muslim heritage were referred to pejoratively as moriscos, meaning Moor-like.[5] Those of Jewish heritage were termed marranos (swine, pigs).[6] The system and ideology of cleanliness of blood ostracized New Christian minorities from society, regardless of their actual degree of sincerity as converts, giving far more privileges to Old Christians, the majority of the population. In Portugal, the legal distinction between New and Old Christian was ended through a legal decree issued by the Marquis of Pombal in 1772. References1. ^{{cite book |author=Norman Roth|title=Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews From Spain|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=2002 |page=230|isbn=978-0-299-14234-6}} 2. ^{{cite book |author1=Margaret Rich Greer |author2=Walter Mignolo |author3=Maureen Quilligan |title=Rereading the Black Legend: The Discourses of Religious and Racial Difference in the Renaissance Empires|publisher=University Of Chicago Press|year=2008 |page=111|isbn=978-0-226-30722-0}} 3. ^{{cite video|last=Hughes|first=Bethany|title=When the Moors Ruled Europe|accessdate=14 January 2015|date=2007|publisher=Princeton University|quote=The people who were being thrust out were as native to the peninsula as the Christian kings.}} 4. ^{{cite book |author1=Susan Schroeder |author2=Stafford Poole |title=Religion in New Spain|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|year=2007|page=198|isbn=978-0-8263-3978-2}} 5. ^{{cite book |author=Michael C. Thomsett|authorlink=Michael Thomsett|title=The Inquisition: A History|publisher=McFarland|year=2010|page=152|isbn=978-0-7864-4409-0}} 6. ^{{cite book |author1=Michael Brenner |author2=Jeremiah Riemer |title=A Short History of the Jews|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2010 |page=122|isbn=978-0-691-14351-4}} Bibliography
6 : History of the conversos|14th-century Christianity|15th-century Christianity|Moriscos|Racism in Portugal|Racism in Spain |
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