“Lithuanian orthography”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Lithuanian orthography

释义

Alphabet
Sound–spelling correspondences
Unicode
See also
References

Lithuanian orthography employs a Latin alphabet of 32 letters, two of which denote sounds not native to the Lithuanian language. Additionally, it uses five digraphs.

Alphabet

Today, the Lithuanian alphabet consists of 32 letters. The collation order is unusual in that "Y" is moved to occur between I nosinė (Į) and J.

Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A	Ą	B	C	Č	D	E	Ę	Ė	F	G	H	I	Į	Y	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S	Š	T	U	Ų	Ū	V	Z	Ž
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a	ą	b	c	č	d	e	ę	ė	f	g	h	i	į	y	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	š	t	u	ų	ū	v	z	ž
Name of Letters
a	a nosinė	bė	cė	čė	dė	e	e nosinė	ė	ef	gė	ha	i trumpoji	i nosinė	i ilgoji	jot	ka	el	em	en	o	pė	er	es	eš	tė	u trumpoji	u nosinė	u ilgoji	vė	zė	žė

Acute, grave, and macron/tilde accents can be used to mark stress and vowel length. However, these are generally not written, except in dictionaries and where needed for clarity. In addition, five digraphs are used (Ch Dz Dž Ie Uo), but are treated as sequences of two letters for collation purposes. The "Ch" digraph represents a voiceless velar fricative, while the others are straightforward compositions of their component letters. The letters F and H, as well as the digraph CH, denote sounds only appearing in loanwords.

Sound–spelling correspondences

Vowels
Grapheme	Sound (IPA)
Grapheme	Short	Long
a	ɐ}}	äː}}
ą	äː}}
e	ɛ}} ({{IPA link\|e̞}})	æː}}
ę	æː}}
ė	eː}}
i	ɪ}}
į		{{IPA link\|iː}}
y		{{IPA link\|iː}}
o	ɔ}}	oː}}
u	ʊ}}
ų		{{IPA link\|uː}}
ū		{{IPA link\|uː}}

{{angbr|o}} is short only in loanwords. {{angbr|a e}} are always short without accent and under accent in endings -a, -e, -es, in comparative, in pronouns and in loanwords, and besides usually long.^[1]

Consonants
Grapheme	Sound (IPA)
Grapheme	Hard	Soft
b	b}}	bʲ}}
c	t̪͡s̪}}	t͡sʲ}}
č	t͡ʃ}}	t͡ɕ}}
ch	x}}	xʲ}}
d	d̪}}	dʲ}}
dz	d̪͡z̪}}	d͡zʲ}}
dž	d͡ʒ}}	d͡ʑ}}
f	f}}	fʲ}}
g	ɡ}}	ɡʲ}}
h	ɣ}}	ɣʲ}}
j	j}}
k	k}}	kʲ}}
l	ɫ}}	lʲ}}
m	m}}	mʲ}}
n	n̪}}	nʲ}}
p	p}}	pʲ}}
r	r}}	rʲ}}
s	s̪}}	sʲ}}
š	ʃ}}	ɕ}}
t	t̪}}	tʲ}}
v	v}}	vʲ}}
z	z̪}}	zʲ}}
ž	ʒ}}	ʑ}}

Consonants are always palatalized before {{angbr|e ę ė i į y}}; before {{angbr|a ą o u ų ū}}, palatalization is denoted by inserting an {{angbr|i}} between the consonant and the vowel.

Unicode

The majority of the Lithuanian alphabet is in the Unicode block C0 controls and basic Latin (non-accented symbols), and the rest of the Lithuanian alphabet (ą Ą č Č ę Ę ė Ė į Į š Š ų Ų ū Ū ž Ž) is in the Latin Extended-A.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lietpol.eu/pl/wymowa.php|title=Wymowa|publisher=Lietpol.eu|accessdate=2014-07-13|language=pl}}

2 : Lithuanian language|Latin-script orthographies

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Alphabet

Sound–spelling correspondences

Unicode

See also

References