| 词条 | Olgivanna Lloyd Wright |
| 释义 |
| name = Olgivanna Lloyd Wright | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Olga Ivanovna Lazović | birth_date = {{birth date|1898|12|27}} | birth_place = Montenegro | death_date = {{death date and age|1985|3|1|1898|12|27}}[1] | death_place = Scottsdale, Arizona, United States | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = Dancer | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = | spouse = Vlademar Hinzenberg, Frank Lloyd Wright }}Olgivanna Lloyd Wright (December 27, 1898 – March 1, 1985) was the third and final wife of Frank Lloyd Wright and had significant influence in his life and work, due in part to her extensive Theosophical associations. She was a Montenegrin dancer. While her "language, cultural background and upbringing were almost exotically alien to his own,"[2] she was critical in introducing Wright to Greek-Armenian mystic George Gurdjieff, a man whom he alternately despised and admired.[3] She is a principal character in T. C. Boyle's 2009 novel The Women.[4] BiographyShe was born as Olga Ivanovna (Olgivanna) Lazović in Montenegro on December 27, 1898, to Ivan Lazović and Milica Miljanov, daughter of the famous Montenegrian writer, leader of Montenegrian tribe Kuči, Montenegrin duke, and hero Marko Miljanov. A long-time pupil and devotee of G. I. Gurdjieff (even after her involvement with Wright), she was also a nurse to Katherine Mansfield on her deathbed at Gurdjieff's Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man at the Prieuré des Basses Loges on January 9, 1923.[5] She had begun her career with Gurdjieff as a student of sacred dance, which she later mastered, and taught to students of her own including Diana Huebert.[6][7] She was married first to Vlademar Hinzenberg, a Russian architect. Wright and Olgivanna married August 1928 in Rancho Santa Fe, California, and honeymooned in Phoenix, Arizona.[8] According to architectural writer Walt Lockley, "The Foundation and the Fellowship would not exist in any form if Wright had not gone to the opera with a friend one Sunday afternoon in 1924 Chicago and sat near to the dark-haired Montenegrin dancer."[9] Olgivanna continued to run Wright's Taliesin Fellowship long after his death, from April 9, 1959, until her own death in Scottsdale, Arizona, in 1985.[1] The last quarter-century of Wright's life—his Arizona years with Olgivanna, from 1932 to 1959—were arguably his most productive, representing "more than half of [Wright's] building"[10] and including the authorship of his autobiography. Embroiled in scandal and controversy from the beginning of their relationship (since both were married at its start), Olgivanna's legacy extended past her natural life. She had planned the removal of Wright's body from its Wisconsin grave, which was then "cremated, mixed with her ashes and used in the walls of a memorial garden to be built on the grounds of their home at Taliesin West."[11] The Wisconsin legislature prohibited this move, but nonetheless her plan was carried out successfully:
Iovanna Lloyd Wright (1925–2015) was Olgivanna's only child with Wright. Olgivanna's only other daughter, Svetlana Hinzenberg, adopted the surname Wright. She married one of Wright's apprentices, Fellowship member William Wesley "Wes" Peters, when she turned 18 in 1935. Wes helped Wright ward off creditors and bankruptcy. Svetlana Peters died in a car crash in 1946 with her and Wes Peters' youngest son, Daniel, leaving Wes Peters widowed to raise their remaining child, Brandoch (b. 1941).[12] In 1970, Olgivanna invited Svetlana Alliluyeva (the youngest child and only daughter of Joseph Stalin) to Taliesin West, the winter compound of the Taliesin Fellowship. Alliluyeva and Wes Peters married three weeks after they met. After producing with Wes Peters a daughter, Olga, in a marriage that lasted 20 months, Alliluyeva came away with a less than glowing impression of the matriarch and her management of Taliesin:
While it is true that Olgivanna was a dominant figure at Taliesin throughout her time there, it was widely believed that her influence on Wright was of great benefit to his career. Without her strength of character and organizational skills, it is questionable whether the Taliesin Fellowship could have grown as strong as it did. The Fellowship perpetuated both the artistic strengths of Wright's style through the training of numerous students, and Mrs. Wright's philosophical ideas whose descent from Gurdjieff and Ouspensky has been widely noted. Her matriarchal strength was seen by her admirers as a necessary counterbalance to her husband's wildly creative and often chaotic temperament.{{fact|date=June 2016}} Bibliography
Videography
References1. ^1 {{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/02/arts/olgivanna-lloyd-wright-wife-of-the-architect-is-dead-at-85.html|title=Olgivanna Lloyd Wright, Wife of the Architect, is Dead at 85 |author=Saxon, Wolfgang|date=March 2, 1985 |access-date=December 6, 2017}} {{Frank Lloyd Wright}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lloyd Wright, Olgivanna}}2. ^ Secrest. Frank Lloyd Wright [https://books.google.com/books?id=S7ZB90XmTdcC&pg=PA303&lpg=PA303&dq=olga+ivanovna+lazovich&source=web&ots=CHLhcuq0nP&sig=0PQ1pFt5xJkm3Sw9DZJ5XO7oPU8 Google books search.] 3. ^See Friedland and Zellman, The Fellowship, p. 118 4. ^{{cite web|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/01/books/review/Scott-t.html|title=The Architect of Love|authorlink=Joanna Scott|author=Scott, Joanna|date=January 29, 2009}} 5. ^Friedland and Zellman, The Fellowship, pp. 76–78 6. ^Katherine Mansfield “Olgivanna” 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/253516461/Diana-Faidy-Reminiscences-of-My-Work-With-Gurdjieff|title=Diana Faidy - Reminiscences of My Work with Gurdjieff|last=Humphries|first=J. I.|publisher=|year=|isbn=|editor-last=|editor-first=|location=|pages=|chapter=Introduction|access-date=12 February 2019|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 8. ^Taliesin Preservation, Inc. – Visitors Guide – Be An Insider! 9. ^Walt Lockley. Cult Secrets of Taliesin West, online article {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022164540/http://www.waltlockley.com/taliesin%20lessons/taliesin.htm |date=October 22, 2007 }} 10. ^1 Phoenix – News – Room With No View: Frank Lloyd Wright's Houses Are Nice Places To Visit But You Wouldn't Want To Live There 11. ^Frank Lloyd Wright 12. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/18/obituaries/william-wesley-peters-dies-at-79-a-devotee-of-frank-lloyd-wright.html |title=William Wesley Peters Dies at 79; A Devotee of Frank Lloyd Wright |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=July 18, 1991 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 6, 2017}} 13. ^The Faraway Music by Svetlana Allilueva, 1986. p. 86. 14. ^Waltlockley.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022164540/http://www.waltlockley.com/taliesin%20lessons/taliesin.htm |date=October 22, 2007 }} 15. ^Book Review of The Fellowship ([https://www.amazon.com/review/R2WJUXQ31FOMQX/ Amazon Book Review]) 7 : 1898 births|1985 deaths|Frank Lloyd Wright|Montenegrin women|American female dancers|American dancers|Montenegrin emigrants to the United States |
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