| 词条 | Littleton Waller Tazewell |
| 释义 |
|name = Littleton Waller Tazewell |image name = Littleton Waller Tazewell2.jpg |order1 = 26th |office1 = Governor of Virginia |term_start1 = March 31, 1834 |term_end1 = April 30, 1836 |predecessor1 = John Floyd |successor1 = Wyndham Robertson (acting) |office2 = President pro tempore of the United States Senate |term_start2 = July 9, 1832 |term_end2 = July 16, 1832 |preceded2 = Samuel Smith |succeeded2 = Hugh Lawson White |office3 = United States Senator from Virginia |term_start3 = December 7, 1824 |term_end3 = July 16, 1832 |preceded3 = John Taylor |succeeded3 = William C. Rives |state4 = Virginia |district4 = 13th |term_start4 = November 26, 1800 |term_end4 = March 3, 1801 |preceded4 = John Marshall |succeeded4 = John Clopton |office5 = Member of the Virginia House of Delegates |term5 = 1798–1800 |preceded5 = John Pierce |alongside5 =John Allen, William Lightfoot |succeeded5 = Champion Travis |office6 = Member of the Virginia House of Delegates |term6 = 1809–1812 |preceded6 = William Lightfoot |alongside6 =William E. Barrett, Archer Hankins |succeeded6 = William E. Barrett |term7 = 1816–1817 |preceded7 = Miles King |succeeded7 = George Loyall |party = Democratic-Republican Democratic |birth_date = {{Birth date|1774|12|17}} |birth_place = Williamsburg, Colony of Virginia, British America |death_date = {{death date and age|1860|5|6|1774|12|17}} |death_place = Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. |spouse = Anne Stratton |alma_mater = College of William and Mary |profession = Politician, Lawyer }}Littleton Waller Tazewell (December 17, 1774{{spaced ndash}}May 6, 1860) was a Virginia lawyer, plantation owner and politician who served as U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator and the 26th Governor of Virginia, as well as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates.[1] Early and family lifeTazewell, son of Henry Tazewell (1753-1799), and his wife Dorothy Elizabeth Waller (1754–77) was born in Williamsburg in the Colony of Virginia shortly before Christmas, 1774. His father was clerk of the revolutionary conventions during the next two years. Although his mother died when he was a child, his maternal grandfather, lawyer Benjamin Waller, taught him Latin.[2] Tazewell was privately tutored by John Wickham; he later graduated from the College of William and Mary at Williamsburg in 1791. He married Ann Stratton Nivison Tazewell (1785-1858) and they had at least six daughters as well as two sons, although only four daughters would survive their mother. CareerAfter studying law, Tazewell was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1796, and commenced practice in James City County, Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates (a part-time position) representing James City County from 1798 to 1800, when he resigned to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Marshall in the Sixth United States Congress, serving in the federal legislature from November 26, 1800, to March 4, 1801.[3] Politically, Tazewell was a Jeffersonian Republican, and upon the fissure of that party he associated with the Jacksonian Democrats. Tazewell moved to Norfolk, Virginia in 1802. He represented Norfolk Borough in the General Assemblies of 1804-1805 and 1805-1806, but was replaced by William Newsum, Jr. in the Assembly of 1806-1806.[4] Nonetheless, on July 5, 1807, he defused the impressment crisis involving the British HMS Leopard in Norfolk harbor and the USS Chesapeake and Norfolk mayor Richard E. Lee.[5] Tazewell again represented James City County in the House of Delegates from 1809 until 1812.[6] Then Norfolk voters elected him to represent the Borough again in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1816 to 1817. After the War of 1812, Tazewell, General Taylor, George Newton and others also formed the Roanoke Commercial Company, designed to expand traffic through the Dismal Swamp Canal and allow goods from as far away as mountainous Bedford County to ship through Norfolk.[7] Tazewell also served as one of the commissioners of claims under the treaty with Spain which ceded Florida in 1821. Virginia legislators elected Tazewell in 1824 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Taylor. Re-elected in 1829, he served from December 7, 1824, to July 16, 1832, when he resigned to become Virginia's governor, as discussed below. While in the Senate, Tazewell was President pro tempore of the Senate during the Twenty-second United States Congress and chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. His principal published work is Review of the Negotiations between the United States and Great Britain Respecting the Commerce of the Two Countries (1829).[8] Tazewell served as Norfolk's delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention in 1829–1830.[9][10] When the Whigs secured majorities in the Virginia Assembly for six years, they first elected the Old Republican as a Whig governor 1834–36, although he resigned a year before his term ended.[11] During his two years as governor, Tazewell had to address abolitionism, although Nat Turner's revolt had occurred in 1831 while Tazewell was home from Washington (and caused him to neglect his plantations). He became an advocate of wholesale colonization, and as Governor asked Virginia's legislature to formally request that Northern states suppress abolitionist groups and also asked Congress to suppress delivery of such literature through the U.S. Post Office.[12] Tazewell's governorship was also marked by expansion of the James River Canal, which was to connect to the Kanawha Canal and thus the Ohio River. Under his leadership, the Assembly instructed Virginia's U.S. Senators to support internal improvements, protective tariffs, and a national bank in support of Henry Clay's American System.[13] Following his term as Governor, Tazewell retired from public life, but nevertheless received 11 electoral votes for Vice-President in the election of 1840. Tazewell owned plantations and enslaved persons in the Hampton Roads area. In the 1830 U.S. Federal Census, his Norfolk household included nine free white people (5 his children) and a dozen slaves.[14] Although Virginia state slave censuses are not available online, and several federal census returns appear either missing or digitally misindexed, by 1860, his household included nine slaves (3 men, 5 women and one 2 year old boy) in Norfolk, and over 100 slaves across the Chesapeake Bay in Northampton County, Virginia (inherited through his wife).[15][16] Death and legacyGovernor Tazewell died a widower in Norfolk, Virginia, on May 6, 1860. Initially interred with his wife on his estate on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, he was re-interred in 1866 at Elmwood Cemetery in Norfolk. Tazewell, Virginia, Tazewell County, Virginia and Tazewell County, Illinois are named in his honor, and in his father's honor, as are the cities of Tazewell and New Tazewell, Tennessee. A plaque remembering him stands at the corner of Tazewell and Granby streets in Norfolk, near the Tazewell Hotel and Suites, where his two-story house was located. His house, known as the Boush-Tazewell House, was completely dismantled and re-erected in its present location about three miles from its original site around 1902.[17] It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.[18]Tazewell was the maternal grandfather of Littleton Waller Tazewell Bradford (1848–1918), a prominent Virginia politician, and a founder of Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. A building at the College of William and Mary is named in Tazewell's honor.[19] References1. ^Encyclopedia of American Biography 1800-1902, p. 919 (available online unpaginated on ancestry.com) 2. ^Virginia and Virginians, R. A. Brock, University of Virginia Library 3. ^Cynthia Miller Leonard, Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) pp. 212, 216, 220, 57, 261, 266 4. ^Leonard p. 236, 241 5. ^Thomas C. Parramore et al, Norfolk:The First Four Centuries (University of Virginia Press 1994) pp. 135-136 6. ^Leonard, pp. 257, 261, 266 7. ^Parramore p. 148 8. ^New International Encyclopedia 9. ^Leonard p. 354 10. ^Heinemann, Ronald L., et.al., "Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: a history of Virginia 1607–2007", 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-8139-2609-4}}, p.172. 11. ^Salmon, Emily J. and Edward D.C. Campbell, Jr., "The Hornbook of Virginia History", {{ISBN|0-88490-177-7}}, 1994, p.109 12. ^Parramore p. 165 13. ^Dabney, Virginius. "Virginia: the New Dominion", {{ISBN|978-0-8139-1015-4}}, 1971 p. 219 14. ^1830 U.S. Federal Census for Norfolk, Virginia 15. ^1860 U.S. Federal Census, Slave schedules, for Norfolk, Virginia and Northampton, Virginia 16. ^Ralph T. Whitelaw, Virginia's Eastern Shore: A stoudy of Northampton and Accomack Counties (Virginia Historical Society 1951) vol. 1 pp. 144, 147 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Norfolk/122-0002_Boush-Tazewell_House_1974_Final_Nomination.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Boush-Tazewell House|author=Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff |date=January 1974|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources}} 18. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wm.edu/offices/residencelife/oncampus/residencehalls/upperlevel/randolph/harrison-page/index.php|title=William & Mary- Harrison & Page Halls|publisher=|accessdate=July 2, 2016}} External links{{commons category|Littleton Waller Tazewell}}
|state=Virginia |district=13 |before=John Marshall |after=John Clopton |years=November 26, 1800 – March 4, 1801}}{{s-par|us-sen}}{{U.S. Senator box |state=Virginia |class=2 |before=John Taylor |after=William C. Rives |alongside=James Barbour, John Randolph, John Tyler, Jr. |years=December 7, 1824 – July 16, 1832}}{{s-off}}{{succession box |title=President pro tempore of the United States Senate |before=Samuel Smith |after=Hugh L. White |years=July 9, 1832 – July 16, 1832}}{{succession box |title=Governor of Virginia |before= John Floyd |after=Wyndham Robertson Acting Governor |years=March 31, 1834 – April 30, 1836}}{{s-ppo}}{{Succession box |title=Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States (Split) |before=Richard M. Johnson William Smith |after=George M. Dallas |years=1840}}{{s-hon}}{{Succession box |title=Oldest living U.S. Senator |before=Benjamin Tappan |after=William Wilkins |years= April 20, 1857 – May 6, 1860}}{{s-end}}{{USSenVA}}{{SenForeignRelationsCommitteeChairmen}}{{USSenPresProTemp}}{{Governors of Virginia}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tazewell, Littleton}} 18 : 1774 births|1860 deaths|College of William & Mary alumni|Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential nominees|Governors of Virginia|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia|Members of the Virginia House of Delegates|United States Senators from Virginia|1840 United States vice-presidential candidates|Virginia lawyers|Virginia Democratic-Republicans|Virginia Democrats|Democratic-Republican Party United States Senators|Politicians from Williamsburg, Virginia|Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Democratic Party state governors of the United States|19th-century American politicians|Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate |
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