| 词条 | Liuzhou |
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Liuzhou}} |official_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|柳州市}} • }}}}{{lang|za|Liujcouh Si}} |other_name = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = File:Liuzhou collage.png |imagesize = |image_caption = Clockwise, from top: City center skyline by night, Dongmen ancient city gate, Longtan Park, Temple of Confucius, Chengyang Bridge, and a temple at Horse Saddle Mountain ({{lang|zh-hans|马鞍山}}) |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Guangxi subdivisions - Liuzhou.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Liuzhou City jurisdiction in Guangxi |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Guangxi |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = |seat = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 18,677 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of =2010 census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =3758700 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro =1436599 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_urban =1436599 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coor_pinpoint = Liuzhou government |coordinates = {{coord|24.327|N|109.428|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-45_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |iso_code = CN-GX-02 |website = {{URL|www.liuzhou.gov.cn/}} |footnotes = }}{{Infobox Chinese |pic=LZZ.svg |piccap="Liuzhou", as written in Chinese |picsize=125px |c={{linktext|柳|州}} |p=Liǔzhōu|psp=Liuchow|zha=Liujcouh|zha57=Liuзcouƅ|showflag=p |l=Willow [River]Prefecture}} Liuzhou ({{IPAc-en|lj|uː|ˈ|dʒ|oʊ}};[2] {{zh|c={{linktext|柳|州}}}}, IPA Pronunciation:{{IPAc-cmn|l|iu|3|.|zh|ou|1}}) is a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The prefecture's population was 3,758,700 in 2010, including 1,436,599 in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts. Its total area is {{convert|18,777|km2|abbr=on}} and {{convert|667|km2|abbr=on}} for built up area. GeographyLiuzhou is located on the banks of the winding Liu River, approximately {{convert|255|km|abbr=on}} from Nanning, the regional capital. By road, it is about {{convert|167|km|abbr=on}} to Guilin, {{convert|167|km|abbr=on}} to Hechi, {{convert|237|km|abbr=on}} to Nanning, {{convert|373|km|abbr=on}} to Fangchenggang, {{convert|448|km|abbr=on}} to Beihai. Swimming in the river is a tradition of the city. The river is normally green, but sometimes in summer, floods from the mountain areas upstream bring sediment which colors the water yellow. In early 2012, a cadmium spill upstream caused serious pollution worries.[3] The river can be deep. Normally, the depth is {{convert|60|-|70|m|ft}} but can as deep as {{convert|90|m|ft}} before it floods over the wall. In 2000 a bus, with 78 passengers, fell over the side of a bridge, and into {{convert|27|m|ft}} of water.[4] ClimateLiuzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with mild winters and long hot summers, and very humid conditions year-round. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|10.6|°C}} in January to {{convert|29.1|°C}} in August, while extremes have ranged from {{convert|-0.3|to|39.0|°C|°F|0}}.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} Rain is both the heaviest and most frequent from May to August, when nearly two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs. {{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Liuzhou (1981−2010) |Jan high C = 14.3 |Feb high C = 15.9 |Mar high C = 19.3 |Apr high C = 25.1 |May high C = 29.3 |Jun high C = 31.7 |Jul high C = 33.4 |Aug high C = 33.7 |Sep high C = 31.9 |Oct high C = 27.8 |Nov high C = 22.7 |Dec high C = 17.7 |Jan mean C = 10.6 |Feb mean C = 12.4 |Mar mean C = 15.7 |Apr mean C = 21.1 |May mean C = 25.1 |Jun mean C = 27.7 |Jul mean C = 29.0 |Aug mean C = 29.1 |Sep mean C = 27.2 |Oct mean C = 23.1 |Nov mean C = 17.9 |Dec mean C = 12.9 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 8.0 |Feb low C = 9.9 |Mar low C = 13.1 |Apr low C = 18.2 |May low C = 21.9 |Jun low C = 24.7 |Jul low C = 25.8 |Aug low C = 25.8 |Sep low C = 23.7 |Oct low C = 19.6 |Nov low C = 14.5 |Dec low C = 9.6 |Jan record high C = 27.5 |Jan record low C = 0.1 |Feb record high C = 32.9 |Feb record low C = 0.3 |Mar record high C = 34.1 |Mar record low C = 2.3 |Apr record high C = 35.6 |Apr record low C = 8.0 |May record high C = 36.7 |May record low C = 12.2 |Jun record high C = 36.8 |Jun record low C = 17.7 |Jul record high C = 39.0 |Jul record low C = 20.0 |Aug record high C = 38.9 |Aug record low C = 20.4 |Sep record high C = 38.5 |Sep record low C = 15.0 |Oct record high C = 36.0 |Oct record low C = 9.6 |Nov record high C = 32.7 |Nov record low C = 3.3 |Dec record high C = 29.2 |Dec record low C = -0.3 |year high C= |year low C= |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 54.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 59.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 95.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 137.4 |May precipitation mm = 228.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 281.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 190.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 161.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 73.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 58.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 55.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 35.7 |Jan humidity = 72 |Feb humidity = 75 |Mar humidity = 77 |Apr humidity = 77 |May humidity = 76 |Jun humidity = 77 |Jul humidity = 75 |Aug humidity = 74 |Sep humidity = 69 |Oct humidity = 67 |Nov humidity = 68 |Dec humidity = 67 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13.4 |Feb precipitation days = 14.2 |Mar precipitation days = 16.6 |Apr precipitation days = 17.0 |May precipitation days = 17.0 |Jun precipitation days = 16.0 |Jul precipitation days = 15.4 |Aug precipitation days = 14.4 |Sep precipitation days = 8.8 |Oct precipitation days = 8.8 |Nov precipitation days = 7.5 |Dec precipitation days = 7.2 |source 1 = China Meteorological Data Service Center |source 2 = Weather China (precipitation days 1971-2000) }} HistoryThe Liujiang men ({{zh|c=柳江人}}) are among the earliest modern humans found in East Asia. Their remains were discovered in the Tongtianyang Cave ({{lang|zh|通天岩}}) in Liujiang County, Guangxi.[5] Liujiang man is a Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens sapiens. Liuzhou has a history of more than 2,100 years. The city was founded in 111 B.C. when it was known as Tanzhong ({{zh|labels=no |c={{linktext|潭中}} |l="Center of Deep Pool"}}). In 742 A.D. it became known as Longcheng ({{zh|labels=no |s={{linktext|龙城}} |l="Dragon City"}}), after the Long River, before finally changing to Liuzhou ({{zh|labels=no |c={{linktext|柳州}} |l="Willow Prefecture"}}) after the Liu River in 1736. The most famous historic figure is Liu Zongyuan (773–819), who was a poet and politician in the Tang Dynasty and who died in Liuzhou. He is commemorated by a park in the city. Liuzhou was the site of Liuchow Airfield, used by Nationalist Chinese and American Army Air Forces in World War II.[6] (At that time the airfield was closer to the centre, where now is the zoo.) It was captured by the Japanese army on 7 November 1944 during the Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou and recaptured by Nationalist Chinese forces on 30 June 1945 prior to the Second Guangxi Campaign.[6] Administrative divisionsLiuzhou has direct administration over 10 county-level divisions: 5 districts, 3 counties and 2 autonomous counties:
Economy{{wide image|1948年柳州.jpg|1200px|Liuzhou is the second largest city in Guangxi and is the region's industrial center. According to statistics issued by the Liuzhou government in 2015, the city’s GDP was 231.1 billion yuan.[7] Among important companies based in Liuzhou are:
TourismAs with much of Guangxi, the landscape around Liuzhou is a mix of rolling hills, mountain peaks, caves and karst scenery. It is an ideal base for exploring the minority villages in the area.
Transport
MilitaryLiuzhou is the headquarters of the 41st Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the two army groups that comprise the Guangzhou Military Region responsible for the defense of China's southern coast and its border with Vietnam. QuotesLiuzhou appears in the Chinese saying {{lang|zh|生在苏州, 活在杭州, 吃在广州, 死在柳州}}. Born in Suzhou, live in Hangzhou, eat in Guangzhou, die in Liuzhou because, in the past, the city was known for its coffins, made from firwood, camphor wood, and sandalwood,[8] which are said to preserve the body after death. Guangzhou's "Cantonese" cuisine is famous worldwide, and Hangzhou is known for its prosperity and the beauty of its location. Suzhou is reputed to have the most beautiful people in China, so the line is sometimes given as "Marry in Suzhou...". Today many tourists buy miniature coffins, about {{convert|3|to|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, as souvenirs or good luck charms. The coffins are usually inscribed {{lang|zh|升官发财}} (shēng guān fā cái) which means 'get promotion and get rich". The second and fourth characters are homophones of {{lang|zh|棺材}} (guān cái) meaning 'coffin'. Some miniature coffins are used as caskets to hold the ashes of ancestors.[8] People
See also
References1. ^ 2. ^{{cite web|title=Liuzhou pronunciation|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/liuzhou|website=Dictionary.com|accessdate=25 April 2015}} 3. ^http://www.danwei.com/panic-buying-of-water-in-liuzhou-a-report-from-the-ground/ Panic buying of water in Liuzhou – a report from the ground 4. ^Liuzhou Bridges 6 – Hudong Bridge 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Shen | first1 = G. | last2 = Wang | first2 = W. | last3 = Wang | first3 = Q. | last4 = Zhao | first4 = J. | last5 = Collerson | first5 = K. | last6 = Zhou | first6 = C. | last7 = Tobias | first7 = P. V. | title = U-Series dating of Liujiang hominid site in Guangxi, Southern China | doi = 10.1006/jhev.2002.0601 | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 43 | issue = 6 | pages = 817–829 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12473485| pmc = }} 6. ^1 Hump Express, Vol. 1, 25. "Liuchow Victory Complete as Chinese Force Enters Smashed and Burned City {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425051651/http://cbi-theater-10.home.comcast.net/~cbi-theater-10/hump_express/hump070545.html |date=2012-04-25 }}". India China Division, Air Transport Command, 5 July 1945. 7. ^http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/mpcn/en/1X072H6F/1/Profiles-Of-China-Provinces-Cities-And-Industrial-Parks/Liuzhou-Guangxi-City-Information.htm Liuzhou ( Guangxi ) City Information 8. ^1 Du Feibao, Du Bai, Lin Nianpei; Things Chinese, China Travel and Tourism Press, 2002, {{ISBN|7-5032-1856-8}} External links{{commons category|Liuzhou}}
3 : Cities in Guangxi|Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi|Liuzhou |
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