释义 |
- Vapor–liquid equilibrium data
- Heat capacity of liquid and vapor
- Regulatory data
- Safety data sheet
- References
- External links
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}This page provides supplementary chemical data on ammonia. ==Structure and properties== Molecular structure |
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Point group | C3v | Bond length | 101.2 pm (N–H)[1] | Bond angle | 106.7° (H–N–H)[1] | Bond strength | 435 kJ/mol (H–NH2) | Crystal data |
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Crystal structure | ? | Properties |
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Dipole moment | 1.46 D | Dielectric constant | 22 ε0 at 239 K | Magnetic susceptibility | diamagnetic | Acidity of NH4+ (pKa) | 9.25 |
==Thermodynamic properties== Phase behavior | Triple point | 195.4 K (–77.75 °C), 6.060 kPa | Critical point | 405.5 K (132.3 °C), 11.300 MPa | Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusHo | +5.653 kJ/mol | Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusSo | +28.93 J/(mol·K) | Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapHo | +23.35 kJ/mol at BP of –33.4 °C | Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapSo | +97.41 J/(mol·K) at BP of –33.4 °C | Solid properties |
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Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHosolid | ? kJ/mol | Standard molar entropy, Sosolid | ? J/(mol K) | Heat capacity, cp | ? J/(mol K) | Liquid properties |
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Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHoliquid | ? kJ/mol | Standard molar entropy, Soliquid | ? J/(mol K) | Heat capacity, cp | 80.80 J/(mol K) | Gas properties |
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Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHogas | −45.92 kJ/mol | Std Gibbs free energy change of formation, ΔfGogas | −16.6 kJ/mol | Standard molar entropy, Sogas | 192.77 J/(mol K) | Heat capacity, cp | 35.06 J/(mol K) | Heat capacity ratio, γ at 15 °C | 1.310 | van der Waals' constants | a = 422.5 liter2 kPa / mole2 b = 0.03707 liter / mole | |
Vapor–liquid equilibrium dataP in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15600 | 30400 | 45600 | T in °C | −109.1(s) | −91.9(s) | −79.2(s) | −68.4 | −45.4 | −33.6 | −18.7 | 4.7 | 25.7 | 50.1 | 78.9 | 98.3 |
Table data (above) obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. {{Clear}}Vapor-pressure formula for ammonia:[2] log10P = A – B / (T − C), where P is pressure in kPa, and T is temperature in kelvins; A = 6.67956, B = 1002.711, C = 25.215 for T = 190 K through 333 K. Vapor over anhydrous ammonia[3] | Temp. | Pressure | ρ of liquid | ρ of vapor | ΔvapH | −78 °C | 5.90 kPa | −75 °C | 7.93 kPa | 0.73094 g/cm3 | 7.8241×10−5 g/cm3 | −70 °C | 10.92 kPa | 0.72527 g/cm3 | 1.1141×10−4 g/cm3 | −65 °C | 15.61 kPa | 0.71953 g/cm3 | 1.5552×10−4 g/cm3 | −60 °C | 21.90 kPa | 0.71378 g/cm3 | 2.1321×10−4 g/cm3 | −55 °C | 30.16 kPa | 0.70791 g/cm3 | 2.8596×10−4 g/cm3 | −50 °C | 40.87 kPa | 0.70200 g/cm3 | 3.8158×10−4 g/cm3 | 1417 J/g | −45 °C | 54.54 kPa | 0.69604 g/cm3 | 4.9940×10−4 g/cm3 | 1404 J/g | −40 °C | 71.77 kPa | 0.68999 g/cm3 | 6.4508×10−4 g/cm3 | 1390 J/g | −35 °C | 93.19 kPa | 0.68385 g/cm3 | 8.2318×10−4 g/cm3 | 1375 J/g | −30 °C | 119.6 kPa | 0.67764 g/cm3 | 1.0386×10−3 g/cm3 | 1361 J/g | −25 °C | 151.6 kPa | 0.67137 g/cm3 | 1.2969×10−3 g/cm3 | 1345 J/g | −20 °C | 190.2 kPa | 0.66503 g/cm3 | 1.6039×10−3 g/cm3 | 1330 J/g | −15 °C | 236.3 kPa | 0.65854 g/cm3 | 1.9659×10−3 g/cm3 | 1314 J/g | −10 °C | 290.8 kPa | 0.65198 g/cm3 | 2.3874×10−3 g/cm3 | 1297 J/g | −5 °C | 354.8 kPa | 0.64533 g/cm3 | 2.8827×10−3 g/cm3 | 1280 J/g | 0 °C | 429.4 kPa | 0.63857 g/cm3 | 3.4528×10−3 g/cm3 | 1263 J/g | 5 °C | 515.7 kPa | 0.63167 g/cm3 | 4.1086×10−3 g/cm3 | 1245 J/g | 10 °C | 614.9 kPa | 0.62469 g/cm3 | 4.8593×10−3 g/cm3 | 1226 J/g | 15 °C | 728.3 kPa | 0.61755 g/cm3 | 5.7153×10−3 g/cm3 | 1207 J/g | 20 °C | 857.1 kPa | 0.61028 g/cm3 | 6.6876×10−3 g/cm3 | 1187 J/g | 25 °C | 1003 kPa | 0.60285 g/cm3 | 7.7882×10−3 g/cm3 | 1167 J/g | 30 °C | 1166 kPa | 0.59524 g/cm3 | 9.0310×10−3 g/cm3 | 1146 J/g | 35 °C | 1350 kPa | 0.58816 g/cm3 | 1.0431×10−2 g/cm3 | 1124 J/g | 40 °C | 1554 kPa | 0.57948 g/cm3 | 1.2006×10−2 g/cm3 | 1101 J/g | 45 °C | 1781 kPa | 0.57130 g/cm3 | 1.3775×10−2 g/cm3 | 1083 J/g | 50 °C | 2032 kPa | 0.56287 g/cm3 | 1.5761×10−2 g/cm3 | 1052 J/g | 55 °C | 2310 kPa | 0.55420 g/cm3 | | 60 °C | 2613 kPa | 0.54523 g/cm3 | 2.05×10−2 g/cm3 | 65 °C | 2947 kPa | 0.53596 g/cm3 | | 70 °C | 3312 kPa | 0.52632 g/cm3 | 2.65×10−2 g/cm3 | 75 °C | 3711 kPa | 0.51626 g/cm3 | | 80 °C | 4144 kPa | 0.50571 g/cm3 | 3.41×10−2 g/cm3 | 85 °C | 4614 kPa | 0.49463 g/cm3 | | 90 °C | 5123 kPa | 0.48290 g/cm3 | 4.39×10−2 g/cm3 | 95 °C | 5672 kPa | 0.47041 g/cm3 | | 100 °C | 6264 kPa | 0.45693 g/cm3 | 5.68×10−2 g/cm3 | |
Temp. | Pressure | ρ of liquid | ρ of vapor | ΔvapH | The table above gives properties of the vapor–liquid equilibrium of anhydrous ammonia at various temperatures. The second column is vapor pressure in kPa. The third column is the density of the liquid phase. The fourth column is the density of the vapor. The fifth column is the heat of vaporization needed to convert one gram of liquid to vapor. | {{clear|left}} | | Vapor over aqueous ammonia solution[5] | Temp. | %wt NH3 | Partial pressure NH3 | Partial pressure H2O | 0 °C | 4.72 | 1.52 kPa | 0.68 kPa | 9.15 | 3.31 kPa | 0.71 kPa | 14.73 | 6.84 kPa | 0.55 kPa | 19.62 | 11.0 kPa | 0.40 kPa | 22.90 | 14.9 kPa | 0.37 kPa | 10 °C | 4.16 | 2.20 kPa | 1.21 kPa | 8.26 | 4.96 kPa | 1.17 kPa | 12.32 | 8.56 kPa | 1.01 kPa | 15.88 | 12.68 kPa | 0.93 kPa | 20.54 | 19.89 kPa | 0.83 kPa | 21.83 | 22.64 kPa | 0.73 kPa | 19.9 °C | 4.18 | 3.65 kPa | 2.19 kPa | 6.50 | 6.11 kPa | 2.15 kPa | 6.55 | 6.13 kPa | 2.13 kPa | 7.72 | 7.49 kPa | 2.08 kPa | 10.15 | 10.75 kPa | 2.01 kPa | 10.75 | 11.51 kPa | 1.96 kPa | 16.64 | 22.14 kPa | 1.72 kPa | 19.40 | 28.74 kPa | 1.64 kPa | 23.37 | 40.32 kPa | 1.37 kPa | 30.09 °C | 3.93 | 5.49 kPa | 4.15 kPa | 7.43 | 11.51 kPa | 3.89 kPa | 9.75 | 16.00 kPa | 3.80 kPa | 12.77 | 23.33 kPa | 3.55 kPa | 17.76 | 38.69 kPa | 3.31 kPa | 17.84 | 38.81 kPa | 3.24 kPa | 21.47 | 53.94 kPa | 2.95 kPa | 40 °C | 3.79 | 8.15 kPa | 7.13 kPa | 7.36 | 17.73 kPa | 6.76 kPa | 11.06 | 29.13 kPa | 6.55 kPa | 15.55 | 47.14 kPa | 5.52 kPa | 17.33 | 57.02 kPa | 20.85 | 76.81 kPa | 5.04 kPa | 50 °C | 3.29 | 10.54 kPa | 11.95 kPa | 5.90 | 20.17 kPa | 11.61 kPa | 8.91 | 32.88 kPa | 11.07 kPa | 11.57 | 45.56 kPa | 10.75 kPa | 14.15 | 60.18 kPa | 10.27 kPa | 14.94 | 64.94 kPa | 10.03 kPa | 60 °C | 3.86 | 18.25 kPa | 19.21 kPa | 5.77 | 28.78 kPa | 7.78 | 40.05 kPa | 18.47 kPa | 9.37 | 50.09 kPa | 18.07 kPa | 9.37 | 63.43 kPa | 17.39 kPa | Temp. | %wt NH3 | Partial Pressure NH3 | Partial Pressure H2O | |
{{clear|left}} |
Heat capacity of liquid and vapor==Spectral data== UV-Vis | λmax | None nm | Extinction coefficient, ε | None | IR |
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Major absorption bands | 3444, 3337, 1627, 950 cm−1 | NMR |
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Proton NMR | | Carbon-13 NMR | None - no carbons | Other NMR data | | MS |
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Masses of main fragments | 17 (100%) 16(80%) 15(9%) | |
Regulatory dataRegulatory data | EINECS number | 231-635-3 (gas) 215-647-6 (soln.) | EU index number | 007-001-00-5 (gas) 007-001-01-2 (soln.) | PEL-TWA (OSHA) | 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) | IDLH (NIOSH) | 300 ppm | Flash point | 11 °C | Autoignition temperature | 651 °C | Explosive limits | 15–28% | RTECS # | BO0875000 | |
Safety data sheet{{anchor|Safety Data Sheet}}The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions... It is highly recommend that you seek the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions. - [https://web.archive.org/web/20070630043133/http://siri.org/msds/index.php SIRI]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20081203181552/http://www.sciencestuff.com/msds/C1200.html Science Stuff] (Ammonia Solution)
References1. ^1 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 94th ed. http://www.hbcpnetbase.com. Page 9-26. Retrieved 18 June 2013. 2. ^Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1436. 3. ^Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1451 and 1468. 4. ^{{cite book | title=Diagramme und Tabellen zur Berechnung der Absorptions-Kältemachienen.| last=Friedrich Merkel, Franjo Bošnjaković| year=1929| pages=46| publisher=Julius Springer| location=Berlin}} 5. ^Perman, Jour. Chem. Soc. 83 1168 (1903). 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|title=Pure Components Properties|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|accessdate=1 June 2007|format=Queriable database| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070603180431/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php| archivedate= 3 June 2007 | deadurl= no}}
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure. Disclaimer applies. External links{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonia (Data Page)}} 1 : Chemical data pages |