| 词条 | Onward (sternwheeler 1858) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Design, construction and ownershipOnward was the successor of the Enterprise in Capt. Archibald Jamieson's line of steamers. She was built at Canemah with the proceeds from the sale of the Enterprise to Capt. Tom Wright, and was intended to compete with the Surprise, which had preceded her a few months. Jamieson ran her until 1860, when he sold her to Jacob Kamm, Josiah Myrick, James Strang, and George A. Pease. With Pease in command, Onward proved a money-maker from the start, paying $14,000 in dividends the first year. Kamm and Myrick were both shareholders in the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and it was at this time that the steamer came under the control of that powerful combination. Pease ran her until about 1863, when the boat was transferred to the People's Transportation Company and Capt. George Jerome took command. She was a serviceable boat and was considered to be very well powered, with large engines and a new style locomotive boiler.[5]Rescue mission during 1861 floodsDuring the great flood of the Willamette River in November and December 1861, which among other things destroyed Champoeg and Linn City, the steamer was able to run through the streets of Salem to rescue people. For Onward this started out as a routine upriver journey from Canemah. The river was cluttered with debris from riverside houses and landings that had been washed downstream by the flood. By the time Onward reached Salem, her ordinary commercial operation turned into one of rescuing people from the flooded city.[6] Transfer to People's Transportation CompanyOnward was operated by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, or "O.S.N.", which was on its way to achieving a monopoly on river transport on both the Columbia and Willamette rivers. In the 1860s there were in Oregon no railroads of any length and roads of any kind were crude and difficult. All modern transport proceeded on the rivers, and control over the rivers would have given O.S.N. effective commercial dominion over the entire Pacific Northwest region of the United States. O.S.N beat back or bought out all challengers until the People's Transportation Company was organized and put up such hot competition for O.S.N. that a deal was reached whereby People's would stay off the Columbia river, O.S.N. would stay off the Willamette, People's would get a cash subsidy from O.S.N., and the two companies would swap boats, O.S.N. to receive People's boats on the Columbia, and People's to gain O.S.N.'s boats on the Willamette, which included Onward.[2] Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Affleck, Edward L., A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska, at 22, Alexander Nicholls Press, Vancouver, BC 2000 {{ISBN|0-920034-08-X}} {{Willamette River Steamboats}}{{Oregon Steam Navigation Company}}2. ^1 2 3 Mills, Randall V., Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country, at 56 and 136, and 199, University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE (1977 reprint of 1947 ed.) {{ISBN|0-8032-5874-7}} 3. ^Affleck also reports alternative lengths of {{convert|125|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|115|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}. 4. ^Timmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing -- A Hundred Years of Steam Navigation on the Waters of the West, at 89-90, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1973 {{ISBN|0-87004-221-1}} 5. ^Wright, E.W., ed., Lewis & Dryden Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, at 75-76 and 91, Lewis & Dryden Printing Co., Portland, OR 1895 6. ^1 Corning, Howard McKinley, Willamette Landings -- Ghost Towns on the River, at 45, 122, and 174-75, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR (2d Ed. 1973) {{ISBN|0-87595-042-6}} 5 : Steamboats of Oregon|Steamboats of the Willamette River|Oregon Steam Navigation Company|People's Transportation Company|Upper Willamette Transportation Line |
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