“Orchestrette Classique”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

When, in 1933, Frédérique Petrides lifted her baton to give the first downbeat to the all-women instrumentalists of her Orchestrette Classique, this was an anomaly. Petrides was a pioneer,^[2] one of the first women orchestral conductors at a time when the idea of a woman wielding a baton was almost unthinkable.^[3]

Founder and conductor, Frédérique Petrides' early years

On September 26, 1903, Frédérique Jeanne Elisabeth Petronella Mayer was born into a privileged life in Antwerp, Belgium. Her mother, Seraphine Sebrechts, an artist of many talents, was a well-known composer and pianist, as well as an accomplished painter and photographer.^[4]^[5] It was she who taught Frédérique theory and composition.^[6] And in 1923, the young musician emigrated to New York with the aim of becoming a conductor.^[6]^[7]

The Orchestrette

In 1931, she married journalist, Peter Petrides (Petros Agathangelos Petrides; 1896–1978),^[8] who wholeheartedly supported her career, and encouraged her to found the Orchestrette Classique, of which he became the manager and publicist.^[9] Frédérique Petrides had learned that, in the 1930s, the only avenue open to women conductors was to establish their own orchestras.^[10] And in 1933,^[11] she introduced the Orchestrette, an all-women chamber orchestra, which had, based on what was being played,^[12] thirty to forty players in the ensemble; and which gave five to six concerts annually in Carnegie Chamber Music Hall, now Weill Recital Hall.^[13]

American composers

During its twelve-year existence, the Orchestrette Classique, renamed the Orchestrette of New York in 1942,^[14] programmed little known works for small orchestra by established masters, and new work mainly by native and naturalized American composers.^[15]

Very little new music was being presented at the time and the Orchestrette premiered and played works by David Diamond (Concerto for Chamber Orchestra), commissioned^[11] Norman Dello Joio, Aaron Copland (Quiet City), Samuel Barber (Adagio for Strings), New York Premiere^[16] Paul Creston (Partita for Flute and Violin with String Orchestra^[16] and Concerto for Marimba with Orchestra), concerto commissioned^[17] Julia Smith (Episodic Suite), commissioned^[18] Ulric Cole (Two Sketches for String Orchestra),^[19] Henry Cowell, American Melting Pot, Movement 1 Chorale: (Teutonic-American), world premiere^[20]^[21]Gian Carlo Menotti (Pastorale), Ralph Vaughan Williams, (Flos Campi), US Premiere^[22] and others.^[15]^[22]^[23]

The Orchestrette and Petrides received much coverage and praise in the press. Robert Simon, writing in The New Yorker on December 12, 1936, sums this up, "She concocts some of the best programs in town."^[24]

Premieres by the Orchestrette

An addendum of interest

"An added note of interest—when Paul Creston was a young composer and unknown, it was Frédérique Petrides and her orchestra who premiered many of his compositions. Eventually his works were conducted by Arturo Toscanini, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Ormandy and others. When he wrote Chant of 1942, Toscanini requested his permission to premiere the composition. Creston refused, saying permission would be granted only after the Orchestrette of New York played it. The piece was dedicated to Petrides and he remained true to the conductor who had given him his early opportunities. Eventually he added to the piece, and the New York Philharmonic programmed the composition.^[30]

A comment from a critic

World War II

Because the Orchestrette of New York was an ensemble of outstanding women musicians, with the advent of the Second World War and the draft, many of its instrumentalists were, for the first time, offered positions in the major symphony orchestras, as replacements for their masculine counterparts who were joining the front lines.^[31] Petrides, not wanting to stand in the way of her players' advancement, elected to disband the Orchestrette, which gave its last performance in 1943.^[32]

From then on, until the end of her career in 1977, Frédérique Petrides conducted mixed orchestras and continued to program little known compositions by classical composers, and premieres of new works.^[33]

The Orchestrette publication ('Women in Music' newsletter)

In addition to leading the Orchestrette, from 1935 to 1940,^[23] with the help of her husband, Frédérique Petrides edited and published the Women in Music newsletters,^[34] under the auspices of the Orchestrette. The only music periodical of its kind, it chronicled and championed the activities of women musicians from ancient Egyptian times to the then present. It was a publication with a circulation of over 2,500.^[35]

About the musicians

In 1981, some forty-eight years after she founded the Orchestrette Classique Madame Petrides said:

Members (and soloists)

Sources

References

1. ^Karin Pendle, Women in Music, Indiana University Press (2001)
2. ^¹[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/13/obituaries/frederique-petrides-leader-in-women-s-music-activities.html The New York Times, obituary]
3. ^The Women-In-Music Movement, Then and Now ILWC (International League of Women Composers) Newsletter, Summer 1985, pp. 6–10
4. ^Art Institute of Chicago, Photography Collection, where Sebrechts photographs are housed
5. ^¹Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frédérique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville (1991)
6. ^¹Women in Music, An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present, Edited by Carol-Neuls Bates (1939– ) p. 259, Harper & Row Publishers (1982)
7. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frédérique Petrides pp. 4 and 9, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville (1991)
8. ^Agathangelos was the given name of Petros's father, as shown on the marriage certificate of Petros and Frédérique: Connecticut Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Marriage License, September 5, 1931
9. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press pp. 10–11, Fayetteville (1991)
10. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, p. 194 Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
11. ^¹Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, Fayetteville (1991), University of Arkansas Press, p. 11
12. ^Women in Music, An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present, Edited by Carol Neuls-Bates (1939– ) p. 260, Harper & Row Publishers (1982
13. ^¹Women in Music, An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present, Edited by Carol Neuls-Bates (1939– ) p. 262, Harper & Row Publishers (1982)
14. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, p. 201 Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
15. ^¹²Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, p. 199, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
16. ^¹Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, p. 107 (1991)
17. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, pp. 106–108, (1991)
18. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, p. 105, (1991)
19. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press p. 103 Fayetteville, (1991)
20. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London, p. 202, (1983)
21. ^¹http://www.henrycowell.org/hc/sf002/catalogNp175.cfm
22. ^¹Edited by Carol Neuls-Bates (1939– ) Women in Music, An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present, p. 261, Harper & Row Publishers (1982)
23. ^¹Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville pp. 25–126, (1991)
24. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, p. 195, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London, (1983)
25. ^The Philadelphia Orchestra Carnegie Hall, Stern Auditorium, Perelman Stage, October 13, 2009, 8 PM, Notes on the Program, Samuel Barber (1919–1981) Adagio for Strings
26. ^"Concert Offered by Orchestrette; Concertino for Marimba and Orchestra Featured at the Carnegie Chamber Music Hall", The New York Times, April 30, 1940
27. ^Pierre Van Rensselaer Key (1872–1945), Music Digest: Big Welcome for Gotham's Newest Critic; Virgil Thomson Gets Gilman Chair; Some Recent Recital Items, The Dallas Morning News, October 21, 1940
28. ^Orchestrette in Concert, The New York Times, October 15, 1940
29. ^Orchestrette is Heard; Women Players Introduce a Myakowsky Composition, The New York Times, December 11, 1940
30. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women Composers, Conductors, and Musicians of the Twentieth Century, Volume ii, p. 203, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
31. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, p. 4 (1991)
32. ^Women in Music, An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present, Edited by Carol Neuls-Bates (1939– ) p. 263, Harper & Row Publishers (1982)
33. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, pp. 210–219, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
34. ^Jan Bell Groh (1936– ) Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frederique Petrides, p. 5 and pp. 25–126 University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville (1991)
35. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, pp. 203–204, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
36. ^Jane Weiner LePage (1931–2008 ), Women composers, conductors, and musicians of the twentieth century, Volume ii, pp. 194–195, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey and London (1983)
37. ^Helen Enser, profile. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
38. ^Marston Records – Carl Friedberg: The Brahms/Schumann Tradition, retrieved March 23, 2011)
39. ^Ellen Stone, profile. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
40. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/08/arts/lois-wann-87-an-oboist-and-teacher.html "Lois Wann, 87, an Oboist and Teacher"], obituary, The New York Times, March 8, 1999. Retrieved March 23, 2011.

A musical anomaly