“Order of battle for Convoy PQ 18”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Order of battle for Convoy PQ 18

释义

Allied forces
Merchant ships Escorts Support forces
Axis forces
U-boats Surface ships
Notes
References
External links

Convoy PQ 18 was the last of the PQ/QP series of arctic convoys during World War II, bound from US and British ports via Reykjavík to the Barents Sea and White Sea ports of the Soviet Union, particularly Murmansk and Archangel. The convoy sailed on 2 September 1942 and arrived three weeks later on 21 September 1942.

It was opposed by German sea and air forces based in occupied Norway.

The convoy comprised 40 merchant ships and 4 naval auxiliaries, plus contingents to and from Iceland (48 in all) and was defended by a close escort and a “Fighting Destroyer Escort”, as well as local escort forces, and two distant escort forces (74 warships in total).

These were supported by aircraft of the RAF based in the Soviet Union.

The German forces comprised a U-boat group, code-named "Ice Palace", of 12 U-Boats and a surface attack force of 8 warships, though in the event these were not engaged. These were assisted by the aircraft of Luftflotte 5.

Allied forces

Merchant ships

**Main body (Loch Ewe to Archangel)**
Name	Flag	Cargo	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate	Casualties	Notes
SS Africander	{{flagcountry\|Panama}}		5,441	Sunk in air attack
{{MV\|Atheltemplar}}	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		8,992	U-457	Sunk by {{GS>U-408	2}	16
SS Beauregard	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,976	Engine trouble^[1]		Returned to Loch Ewe
RFA Black Ranger (A163)	{{navy\|UK\|RFA}}	Fleet oiler	3,417
SS Campfire	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,671
SS Charles R. McCormick	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		6,027
SS Copeland	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}	Rescue ship	1,526
SS Dan-y-Bryn	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		5,117
{{SS\|Empire Baffin}}	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		6,978
{{SS\|Empire Beaumont}}	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		7,044	Sunk in air attack
{{SS\|Empire Morn}}	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}	CAM ship	7,092
SS Empire Snow	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		6,327
SS Empire Stevenson	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		6,209	Sunk in air attack
SS Empire Tristram	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		7,167
SS Esek Hopkins	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,191
SS Goolistan	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		5,851
RFA Gray Ranger	{{navy\|UK\|RFA}}	Replenishment oiler	3,313
SS Hollywood	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,498
SS John Penn	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,177	Sunk in air attack
SS Kentucky	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,446	Sunk in air attack
SS Lafayette	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,887
SS Macbeth	{{flagcountry\|Panama}}		4,941	Sunk in air attack
{{SS\|Mary Luckenbach\|1941\|6}}	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,049	Sunk in air attack
SS Meanticut	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		6,061
SS Nathanael Greene	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,177
SS Ocean Faith	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		7,174			Flagship Comm EK Boddam-Whetham
RFA Oligarch	{{navy\|UK\|RFA}}	Replenishment oiler	6,894			Joined from Spitzbergen^[2] group
{{SS\|Oliver Ellsworth}}	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,191	U-408	2}	1
SS Oregonian	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		4,862	Sunk in air attack
{{SS\|Patrick Henry}}	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,191
SS Sahale	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,028
SS Schoharie	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		4,971
SS St. Olaf	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,191
SS Temple Arch	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}		5,138
SS Virginia Dare	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,177
SS Wacosta	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		5,432	Sunk in air attack
SS White Clover	{{flagcountry\|Panama}}		5,462
SS William Moultrie	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}		7,177

**Loch Ewe to Reykjavík group**
Name	Flag	Tonnage (GRT)	Notes
SS Gateway City	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}	5,432	Loch Ewe to Reykjavík only
SS Oremar	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}	6,854
SS San Zotico	{{flagcountry\|UKGBI\|civil}}	5,582

**Reykjavík to Archangel group**
Name	Flag	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate	Casualties	Notes
SS Andre Marti	{{flagcountry\|Soviet Union}}	2,352			Joined from Reykjavík
SS Exford	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}	4,969
SS Komiles	{{flagcountry\|Soviet Union}}	3,966
SS Petrovski	{{flagcountry\|Soviet Union}}	3,771
SS Richard Bassett	{{flagcountry\|United States\|1912}}	7,191	Engine trouble^[3]		Joined from, returned to, Reykjavík
{{SS\|Stalingrad}}	{{flagcountry\|Soviet Union}}	3,559	U-408	2}	21	joined from Reykjavík
SS Sukhona	{{flagcountry\|Soviet Union}}	3,124	Sunk in air attack
SS Tbilisi	{{flagcountry\|Soviet Union}}	7,169

Escorts

**First stage Local escort group**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed	Notes
Campbell\|D60\|6}}	destroyer	Royal Navy	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42	Joined Heavy Cover Force
Eskdale\|L36\|6}}	destroyer	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
Farndale\|L70\|6}}	destroyer	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
Mackay\|D70\|6}}	destroyer	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42	Joined Heavy Cover Force
Montrose\|D01\|6}}	destroyer	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42	Joined Heavy Cover Force
Echo\|H23\|6}}	destroyer	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
Walpole\|D41\|6}}	destroyer	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
HMT\|Arab}}	A/S trawler	Royal Navy	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42	To Reykjavík as escort
HMT\|Duncton}}	trawler	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
HMT\|Hugh Walpole}}	trawler	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
HMT\|King Sol}}	trawler	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42
HMT\|Paynter}}	trawler	RN	2 Sep 42	8 Sep 42

**Second stage Close escort group**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed	Notes
Malcolm\|D19\|6}}	destroyer	Royal Navy	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42	Cdr AB Russell SOE
Achates\|H12\|6}}	destroyer	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Amazon\|D39\|6}}	destroyer	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Alynbank}}	anti-aircraft ship	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Ulster Queen}}	anti-aircraft ship	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Bergamot\|K189\|6}}	Flower\|corvette}}	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Bryony\|K192\|6}}	Flower-class corvette	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Bluebell\|K80\|6}}	Flower-class corvette	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Camellia\|K31\|6}}	Flower-class corvette	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
HMT\|Cape Argona}}	A/S trawler	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
HMT\|Cape Mariato}}	A/S trawler	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
HMT\|Daneman}}	A/S trawler	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
HMT\|St Kenan}}	A/S trawler	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Harrier\|1934\|6}}	minesweeper	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Gleaner\|1937\|6}}	minesweeper	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42
Sharpshooter\|N68\|6}}	minesweeper	RN	7 Sept 42	21 Sep 42

**Second stage Carrier group**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed
Avenger\|D14\|6}}	Escort carrier	Royal Navy	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Wheatland\|L122\|6}}	Hunt\|destroyer\|2}}	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Wilton\|L128\|6}}	Hunt-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42

**Second stage Fighting Destroyer Escort group**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed	Notes
Scylla\|98\|6}}	Dido\|cruiser\|2}}	Royal Navy	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42	Flagship R Adm. "Bob" Burnett
Onslow\|G17\|6}}	O-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Onslaught\|G04\|6}}	O-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Opportune\|G80\|6}}	O-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Offa\|G29\|6}}	O-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Ashanti\|F51\|6}}	Tribal\|destroyer (1936)\|0}} destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Eskimo\|F75\|6}}	Tribal-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Somali\|F33\|6}}	Tribal-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Tartar\|F43\|6}}	Tribal-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Milne\|G14\|6}}	M-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Marne\|G35\|6}}	M-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Martin\|G44\|6}}	M-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Meteor\|G74\|6}}	M-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Faulknor\|H62\|6}}	F-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Fury\|H76\|6}}	F-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Impulsive\|D11\|6}}	I-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42
Intrepid\|D10\|6}}	I-class destroyer	RN	9 Sept 42	17 Sep 42

**Second stage Eastern local escort group**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed	Notes
Soviet destroyer\|Gremyashchi	2}	Gnevny\|destroyer}}	Soviet Northern Fleet	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Soviet destroyer\|Kuibishev	2}	Orfey\|destroyer}}	Soviet Northern Fleet	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Soviet destroyer\|Sokrushitelney	2}	Gnevny-class destroyer	Soviet Northern Fleet	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Soviet destroyer\|Uritski	2}	Orfey-class destroyer	Soviet Northern Fleet	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Halcyon\|J42\|6}}	Minesweeper	Royal Navy	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Hazard\|J02\|6}}	Minesweeper	Royal Navy	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Salamander\|J86\|6}}	Minesweeper	Royal Navy	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Britomart\|J22\|6}}	Minesweeper	Royal Navy	17 Sep 42	22 Sep 42

**Second stage Cruiser Cover Force**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed	Notes
Norfolk\|78\|6}}	County\|cruiser\|2}}	Royal Navy	14 Sep 42	22 Sep 42	Flagship V Adm. S Bonham-Carter
London\|69\|6}}	County-class cruiser	RN	14 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Suffolk\|55\|6}}	County-class cruiser	RN	14 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Bulldog\|H91\|6}}	B\|destroyer\|2}}	RN	14 Sep 42	22 Sep 42
Venomous\|D75\|6}}	Admiralty modified W-class destroyer	RN	14 Sep 42	22 Sep 42

**Second stage Heavy Cover Force**
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed	Notes
Anson\|79\|6}}	battleship	Royal Navy	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42	Flagship V Adm. B Fraser
Duke of York\|17\|6}}	battleship	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42
Jamaica\|44\|6}}	Crown Colony\|cruiser\|2}}	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42
Keppel\|D84\|6}}	destroyer	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42	Cdr JE Broome
Montrose\|D01\|6}}	destroyer	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42	Joined from local escort group
Campbell\|D60\|6}}	destroyer	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42	Joined from local escort group
Mackay\|D70\|6}}	destroyer	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42	Joined from local escort group
Bramham\|L51\|6}}	destroyer	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42
Broke\|D83\|6}}	destroyer	RN	11 Sep 42	14 Sep 42

Support forces

**Second stage Spitzbergen re-fueling group**^[4]
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed
RFA\|Blue Ranger\|A157\|6}}	Oiler	Royal Fleet Auxiliary	10 Sep 42	10 Sep 42
RFA\|Oligarch}}	Oiler	Royal Fleet Auxiliary	10 Sep 42	10 Sep 42
Oakley\|L98\|6}}	Hunt\|destroyer\|2}}	Royal Navy	10 Sep 42	10 Sep 42
Cowdray\|L52\|6}}	Hunt-class destroyer	RN	10 Sep 42	10 Sep 42
Worcester\|D96\|6}}	W-class destroyer	RN	10 Sep 42	10 Sep 42
Windsor\|D42\|6}}	W-class destroyer	RN	10 Sep 42	10 Sep 42

**Second stage Spitzbergen re-inforcement group**^[5]
Name	Class	Navy	Date joined	Date departed
Cumberland\|57\|6}}	County\|cruiser\|0}} heavy cruiser	Royal Navy	14 Sep 42	14 Sep 42
Sheffield\|C24\|6}}	Town\|cruiser (1936)\|0}} cruiser	RN	14 Sep 42	14 Sep 42
Eclipse\|H08\|6}}	E-class destroyer	RN	14 Sep 42	14 Sep 42

**Submarine patrol group**
Name	Class	Navy	commence patrol	end patrol	Notes
Shakespeare\|P221\|6}}	S-class submarine	Royal Navy	7 Sep 42	23 Sep 42
Unrivalled\|P45\|6}}	U-class submarine	RN	7 Sep 42	1 Oct 42
Unique\|N95\|6}}	U-class submarine	RN	7 Sep 42	1 Oct 42
Tribune\|N76\|6}}	T-class submarine	RN	2 Sep 42	1 Oct 42
Tigris\|N63\|6}}	T-class submarine	RN	2 Sep 42	1 Oct 42
Sturgeon\|73S\|6}}	S-class submarine	RN	2 Sep 42	6 Sep 42	Returned to port; mechanical defect
Unshaken\|P54\|6}}	U-class submarine	RN	2 Sep 42	1 Oct 42
HNoMS\|Uredd\|P-41\|6}}	U-class submarine	Royal Norwegian Navy	2 Sep 42	1 Oct 42
French submarine\|Rubis\|1931\|6}}	Saphir\|submarine (1928)\|0}} submarine	Free French

Axis forces

U-boats

Name	Type	Navy	Success	Fate	Notes
U-88\|1941\|2}}	Type VIIC	Kriegsmarine		Sunk by Faulknor^[6]
U-255	2}	VIIC	KM
U-377	2}	VIIC	KM
U-378	2}	VIIC	KM
U-403	2}	VIIC	KM
U-405	2}	VIIC	KM
U-408	2}	VIIC	KM	Stalingrad	2}^[7]
U-435	2}	VIIC	KM
U-457	2}	VIIC	KM	Atheltemplar	2}^[8]	Impulsive\|D11\|2}}^[9]
U-589	2}	VIIC	KM	Oliver Ellsworth	2}^[10]	Onslow\|G17\|2}}^[11]
U-592	2}	VIIC	KM
U-703	2}	VIIC	KM

Surface ships

Name	Type	Navy	Sortie/1st sailing	Fate/2nd sailing	Notes
German cruiser\|Admiral Scheer	2}	Deutschland\|cruiser\|2}}	Kriegsmarine	9 Sep 42	Cancelled	Flagship V Adm. O Kummetz
German cruiser\|Admiral Hipper	2}	Admiral Hipper\|cruiser\|2}}	KM	9 Sep 42	"
German cruiser\|Köln	2}	Königsberg\|cruiser (1927)\|0}} cruiser	KM	9 Sep 42	"
German destroyer\|Z4 Richard Beitzen	2}	Type 1934 destroyer	KM	9 Sep 42	"
German destroyer\|Z23	2}	Type 1936A destroyer	KM	9 Sep 42	"
German destroyer\|Z27	2}	Type 1936A destroyer	KM	9 Sep 42	"	Flag Capt Ponitz 8th Des Flot
German destroyer\|Z29	2}	Type 1936A destroyer	KM	9 Sep 42	"
German destroyer\|Z30	2}	Type 1936A destroyer	KM	9 Sep 42	"

Notes

1. ^Smith, 1975, p. 32
2. ^sic: see Hague
3. ^Smith, 1975, p. 37
4. ^Spelled as it was originally named; Smith, 1975, p. 213
5. ^Spelled as it was originally named; Smith, 1975, p. 213
6. ^Smith p50
7. ^Blair, 2000, p. 20
8. ^Blair, 2000, p. 20
9. ^Smith, 1975, pp. 150–151
10. ^Blair, 2000, p. 20
11. ^Smith, 1975, pp. 132–134

References

Clay Blair : Hitler's U-Boat War [Volume 2]: The Hunted 1942–1945 (1998) {{ISBN|0-304-35261-6}} (2000 UK paperback ed.)
Bob Ruegg, Arnold Hague : Convoys to Russia (1992) {{ISBN|0-905617-66-5}}
{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Peter |year=1975 |title=Convoy PQ18: Arctic Victory |publisher=William Kimber |location=London |isbn=978-0-7183-0074-6}}

External links

Arnold Hague: PQ 18 at convoyweb

2 : Arctic convoys of World War II|World War II orders of battle

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