| 释义 |
- North of Strasbourg
- South of Strasbourg (Colmar Pocket)
- Notes
- References
- Sources
Operation Nordwind was launched by German ground forces on 31 December 1944 against U.S. and French ground forces in the Rhineland-Palatinate and the Alsace and Lorraine regions of southwestern Germany and northeastern France as part of the European Theatre in World War II. It ended on 25 January 1945. North of Strasbourg {{col-begin}}{{col-break}}Allied ForcesSixth Army Group[1]
Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers
Forces deployed North to South:US Seventh Army[2]
Lieutenant General Alexander McC. Patch{{efn|Died of pneumonia approx. 5-1/2 months after the end of the war in Europe.}} - XV Corps (Maj. Gen. Wade H. Haislip)
- 103rd Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Charles Haffner)
- 44th Infantry Division (Brig. Gen. William F. Dean)
- 100th Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Withers A. Burress)
- 63rd Infantry Division (Brig. Gen. Frederick Harris)
- VI Corps (Maj. Gen. Edward H. Brooks)
- 45th Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Robert Frederick)
- 70th Infantry Division (Brig. Gen. Thomas Herren)
- 42nd Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Henry Linden)
- 79th Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Ira Wyche)
- French 2nd Armored Division (Gen. Div. Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque){{efn|Leclerc, the 2nd Armored's commander, refused to serve under de Lattre owing to the latter's having served under Pétain, whom Leclerc considered to be a collaborationist. [Beevor, p. 326]}}
{{col-break}}Axis ForcesArmy Group G[3]
Generaloberst Johannes Blaskowitz
First Army
Generalleutnant Hans von Obstfelder- 25th Panzergrenadier Division (Oberst Arnold Burmeister)
- 21st Panzer Division (Generalleutnant Edgar Feuchtinger)
- 6th SS Mountain Division Nord (SS-Gruppenführer Karl-Heinrich Brenner)
- XIII SS Corps (SS-Obergruppenführer Max Simon){{efn|Served approx. 8 years for war crimes}}
- 19th Volksgrenadier Division (Generalleutnant Walter Wißmath)
- 36th Volksgrenadier Division (Generalmajor Helmut Kleikamp)
- 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen (SS-Standartenführer Hans Lingner)
- XC Corps (General der Flieger Erich Petersen)
- 559th Volksgrenadier Division (Generalleutnant Kurt Freiherr von Mühlen)
- 257th Volksgrenadier Division (Generalmajor Erich Seidel)
- LXXXIX Corps (General der Infanterie Gustav Höhne)
- 361st Volksgrenadier Division (Generalmajor Alfred Philippi)
- 245th Infantry Division (Generalleutnant Edwin Sander)
- 256th Volksgrenadier Division (Generalmajor Gerhard Franz)
{{col-end}} South of Strasbourg (Colmar Pocket) {{col-begin}}{{col-break}}Allied ForcesSixth Army Group (cont.)
Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers
Forces deployed North to South:French First Army[4]
Lieutenant General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny{{efn|Later successfully led French forces against the Việt Minh in the First Indochina War.}} - II Corps (Gén. Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert)
- 1st Armored Division (Gén. Aimé Sudré)
- 1st Colonial Infantry Division (Gén. Joseph Magnan)
- 3rd Moroccan Division (Gén. Marcel Carpentier)
- 4th Moroccan Mountain Division (Gén. Réne de Hesdin)
- 5th Armored Division (Gén. Henri de Vernejoul)
- 10th Infantry Division (Gén. Pierre Bilotte)
- US XXI Corps (Maj. Gen. Frank W. Milburn)
- 12th Armored Division (Maj. Gen. Roderick R. Allen)
- 14th Armored Division (Maj. Gen. Albert Smith)
- 36th Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. John Dahlquist)
- I Corps (Gén. Antoine Béthouart)
- 1st Infantry March Division (Gén. Diego Brosset)
- 3rd Algerian Infantry Division (Gén. Augustin Guillaume)
{{col-break}}Axis ForcesArmy Group Upper Rhine[5]
Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler
Nineteenth Army
General der Infanterie Siegfried Rasp- 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg
- LXIV Corps (General der Infanterie Hellmut Thumm)
- 189th Infantry Division (Generalmajor Eduard Zorn){{efn|Killed in action 4 February.}}
- 198th Infantry Division (Generalmajor Otto Schiel)
- 708th Volksgrenadier Division (Generalmajor Wilhelm Bleckwenn)
- 16th Infantry Division
- LXIII Corps (General der Infanterie Erich Abraham)
- 338th Infantry Division (Generalmajor Konrad Barde){{efn|Committed suicide 4 May.}}
- 159th Infantry Division (Generalmajor Heinrich Bürky)
- 716th Infantry Division (Generalmajor Wolf Ewert)
- 269th Infantry Division (Generalleutnant Hans Wagner)
{{col-end}} Notes {{notelist}} References 1. ^Zaloga 2010, p. 20
2. ^Zaloga 2010, p. 37
3. ^Zaloga 2010, p. 36
4. ^Zaloga 2010, p. 43
5. ^Zaloga 2010, p. 36
Sources
| last = Beevor
| first = Antony
| title = Ardennes 1944: The Battle of the Bulge
| publisher = Penguin
| year = 2015
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-1431098-6-0}}
| last = Cirillo
| first = Roger
| title = The Ardennes-Alsace
| series = The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II
| publisher = United States Army Center of Military History
| id = CMH Pub 72-26
| year =
| location =
| url = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/ardennes/aral.htm}}
| last1 = Clarke
| first1 = Jeffrey J.
| last2 = Ross Smith
| first2 = Robert
| title = Riviera to the Rhine
| publisher = U.S. Army Center of Military History
| year = 1993
| location = Washington, DC
| url = http://history.army.mil/catalog/pubs/7/7-10.html
| accessdate=10 March 2016}}
| last = Engler
| first = Richard
| title = The Final Crisis: Combat in Northern Alsace, January 1945
| publisher = Aberjona Press
| year = 1999
| location =
| isbn = 978-0-9666389-1-2}}
| last = Zaloga
| first = Steven
| title = Operation Nordwind 1945
| publisher = Osprey
| year = 2010
| location = Oxford
| isbn = 978-1-84603-683-5}}
| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050306042820/http://efour4ever.com/44thdivision/nordwind.html
| title = US 44th Infantry Division - Nordwind
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = [ Battle History of the United States 44th Infantry Division, ETO 1944 - 1945]
| publisher =
| access-date =
| quote =}}- [https://web.archive.org/web/20101202140448/http://www.14tharmoreddivision.org/combat.htm 14th Armored Division Combat History]
- The NORDWIND Offensive (January 1945) on the website of the 100th Infantry Division Association contains a list of German primary sources on the operation.
1 : World War II orders of battle |